RU1771394C - Method for growing nectariferous plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to crop production. In order to increase seed productivity and increase honey collection, annual and perennial tall plants are used as melliferous plants, while they are sown in stripes in a ratio of 3: 1, and annuals are sown after winter crops. 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to crop production, and can be used in the cultivation of honey plants.

There is a known method for sowing honey plants, including the alternation of rows of different varieties of honey plants (Ponomareva EG and Deterleeva NB Honey resources during pollination of agricultural plants. M: Agropromizdat, 1986, p. 106).

With this method, the seed productivity of the crops is increased. However, the duration of the honey period is short, resulting in reduced honey collection.

A known method of placing honey plants of mixed crops with different biological characteristics (buckwheat, clover). Bees in the morning work on one crop, and in the second half on another (1).

However, in the indicated method, cultivated crops have low seed productivity, since the bees do not work enough on the flowers of one crop, switching from one to another.

In a short period, a sufficient amount of bribe is not provided.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the seed productivity of cultivated crops and increase honey collection.

This goal is achieved by the fact that annual and perennial tall plants are used as melliferous plants, while they are sown in stripes in a ratio of 3: 1, and annuals are sown after winter intermediate crops.

A method of sowing honey plants is carried out as follows.

After harvesting the predecessor, the strip sowing of winter and melilot was done on the field. The stripes of winter rapeseed were sown with a chain of three sows, the clover with one navy The width of the stripes of winter rape was 10.8 m, the clover 3.6 m. Such sowing extended the period of honey collection.

In the spring, after the honey harvest was over, the stripes of winter rape were mowed to green fodder and buckwheat was planted in their place. Stripes of melilot remained vegetative in this field. Melilot reached a height of 1.4-1.5 m, which

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It is a good backstage for the buckwheat crop.

In such crops, buckwheat yielded a higher grain yield and produced more nectar. This is due to the fact that during flowering, buckwheat is sensitive to drought and high air temperature. The backstage from tall stalks, including clover, weakened the influence of the dry winds.

Relative humidity was 13-15% higher in the backstage crops of buckwheat, air temperature was 2–3 ° C lower, and moisture reserves in the meter soil layer were 35–40 mm higher. All this created favorable conditions for flowering and non-productive productivity of buckwheat. If buckwheat sowing is carried out in a continuous way, then, due to reduced relative humidity and elevated air temperature, buckwheat plants involuntarily consumed moisture and reduced nectar productivity. When strip buckwheat with clover was sown in a ratio of 2: 1 or 1: 1, the area occupied by buckwheat decreased and, accordingly, buckwheat grain harvest per unit area decreased. When the bands were placed in a ratio of 4: 1 or more, the backstage effect of the clover on buckwheat plants decreased, which entailed a decrease in the honey productivity and buckwheat yield.

The strip sowing of honey plants of buckwheat and sweet clover in a ratio of 3: 1 contributed to an increase in honey collection by 8-10 kg / ha and an increase in buckwheat productivity by 7-9 kg / ha of grain.

Example. Crops were placed in a honey-feed crop rotation after coriander. After plowing the crop residues of the precursors, they were harrowed with ZBZS-1.0 dental harrows. Two weeks later (the second decade of August), planning, steam cultivation and another cultivation were carried out with simultaneous rolling by the combined unit KPS-4 + ZKKSh-6. After that, winter rapeseed was sown in three passes with SZ-3.6 villages, and sweet clover in one pass. In the spring after the resumption of vegetation, winter rape was the first to bloom, this ensured the first early collection of nectar. Three weeks after collecting nectar, winter rapeseed stripes were mowed onto the green mass by a self-propelled combine. By this time, clover begins to bloom, which provides the second collection of nectar.

After the cultivated soil, buckwheat was sown on the site of mowed stripes of winter rape. Therefore, the ratio of the bands of buckwheat and sweet clover remained the same 3: 1. After collection

nectar from sweet clover it was mowed to a green mass. Melilot continued to grow and by the fall provided two more honey harvests and two green mass mowing. Buckwheat began to bloom Cherse 25-30 days. after sowing, i.e. to

the end of the first take from the sweet clover. Nectar was collected from buckwheat flowers and at the same time they were pollinated. At the same time, the yield of buckwheat seeds increased by 7.2 kg / ha, and the sowing honey productivity

- by 8.5 kg / ha.

In the strip sowing of buckwheat and sweet clover, the wind speed weakened over the buckwheat strips weakened, which reduced the unproductive moisture consumption by 38 mm. Relative humidity was 14.3% higher. The air temperature in the crops was lower by 2.5 ° C, HRV this contributed to increased nectar excretion by buckwheat flowers and a more productive work of bees.

The results are given in the table.

Sowing buckwheat as a honey plant after winter intermediate crops extended the flowering period of crops, increased honey collection to 60.4 kg / ha and at the same time

yielded 12.9 c / ha of grain per ha. All this contributed to the intensive use of arable land.

Thus, a method for placing honey and forage crops in a crop rotation

Claims (1)

at no additional cost, it allows to increase the collection of honey per unit area by 18-20 kg, buckwheat seeds per cent and high quality feed by 80-100 c / ha. This is achieved by training bees, lengthening the flowering period of plants, better pollination of flowers and creating favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants in strip crops in a ratio of 3: 1. The claims A method for growing honey plants, including growing in one field insect-pollinated plants with different flowering periods, characterized in that, in order to increase seed productivity and increase honey collection, annual and perennial tall plants are used as melliferous plants, while they are sown in stripes at a ratio of 3: 2, and annual sown after winter intermediate crops.