RU2485760C2 - Method of harvesting spiny eleuterococus leaves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in cultivation of medicinal plants for obtaining the drug raw materials. The method of harvesting the spiny eleuterococus leaves includes harvesting the spiny eleuterococus leaves in the period from the phase of beginning of mass fruit ripening prior to beginning of the autumn leaves colorisation. The leaves harvesting is carried out from the middle to late August, from bushes growing on well-lit areas up to 30-35% of the leaves biomass is cut which is located lower than one internode from the apical bud, and a part of the leafstalk is left.

EFFECT: use of this method enables to use rationally the medicinal plant species as a medicinal and nutritional active raw material.

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Description

The invention relates to methods for using medicinal plants to obtain medicinal raw materials, in particular to methods for harvesting prickly Eleutherococcus leaves.

There is a method of harvesting leaves of large plantain, which consists in cutting them with a knife, sickle, scissors during flowering in May-August until their yellowing or partial reddening leaves leaves on the rosette and several plants per 1 m ² for seeding [1, p. 108 -110].

There is a method of harvesting velvet leaves with petioles, carried out manually cutting in July and August, at least a third of the total number of leaves while maintaining the integrity of the branches and thickets [1, p. 408-410].

For the collection of prickly Eleutherococcus leaves with a rational period established by the highest content of extractive substances (30 ... 35%) when extracting 40, 70 and 96% ethanol in the phases of complete leaf blooming (May) and budding (June), N.I. Suprunov ( 1970) considers May and June [2, pp. 20-22].

However, the proposed method does not take into account the content of trace elements, which are the most important biologically active substances, which reflects the expediency of establishing the harvesting time, and the proportion of leaves from one bush that is possible to cut while maintaining the viability of the plant.

The technical result consists in a more rational use of prickly eleutherococcus leaves as a medicinal and food active raw material.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of harvesting prickly Eleutherococcus leaves, based on the patterns of accumulation of leaf biomass and the content of trace elements in them, involves harvesting leaves from the beginning of the mass ripening of fruits to the beginning of autumn leaf blooming, from mid to late August, from growing in well-lit areas of bushes by cutting up to 30-35% of the leaf biomass, located one internode below the apical bud, and leaving a part of the petiole.

The method of harvesting prickly Eleutherococcus leaves, based on the results of experimental studies - patterns of accumulation of leaf biomass and the content of microelements in them in a 17-year-old introduction culture of prickly Eleutherococcus growing on an experimental seed plantation (ESP) at the Mari State Technical University Botanical Garden Institute "(Abbreviated as BSI MarGTU) on sod-strongly podzolic medium loamy soil - involves harvesting leaves from the beginning of the mass phase ripening of fruits before the beginning of autumn leaf blooming, calendar from mid to late August, from growing in well-lit areas of the bushes by cutting up to 30-35% of the leaf biomass, located one internode below the apical bud, and leaving part of the petiole.

Example. In 2010, in order to identify the patterns of biomass accumulation and the content of microelements in spiny eleutherococcus spiny from seeds of local reproduction, studies were conducted on ESP in the BSI MarSTU. On an area of 0.2 ha, plants are arranged in 2 rows in the north-south direction according to a 4 ... 5 m × 4.5 m pattern.

According to long-term observations, the flowering of prickly Eleutherococcus in the Republic of Mari El is observed in the second half of July, and the beginning of fruit ripening is from mid-August, which practically do not differ from similar phenophases in the natural range [3], therefore, studies were carried out from the beginning of flowering to the beginning autumn leaf blooming, on a calendar from July 9 to September 1, 2010. The data of M. A. Grinevich (1970), which indicates that the biological activity of eleutherococcus leaves depends on the intensity of growth otsessov: before flowering when the leaves mainly growth stops, it is 130 stimulant action units (ETS) and then halved and remains unchanged until the end of vegetation [4 s.8-9]. These data indicate that the maximum of nutrients in eleutherococcus accumulate before the flowering phase, and then they decrease, apparently, as they are used to form the fruits, and by the end of the growing season their outflow and storage in the underground organs are observed.

The general rules for the procurement of medicinal plant materials have been established, in which it is recommended that no more than one third of the total number of leaves be taken [5, p.13].

Studies have shown (Table 1) that prickly Eleutherococcus is characterized by polymorphism in the saturation of leaf color, and the green leaf morphotype is characterized by the greatest magnitude of variability in leaf mass. In the phenophase of the beginning of flowering at close values of leaf moisture, there is a tendency toward a significant difference between the air-dry mass of leaves of the morphotypes released. There was a significant difference between the parameters in the phase before the beginning of autumn leaf blooming (F _f = 3.3> F _0.05 = 2.02), when the dry matter content in the leaf of the dark green leaf morphotype was 1.6 times higher than the green leaf form. Prickly Eleutherococcus plants in the phase before autumn blooming are characterized by a decrease in the air-dry mass of the leaf: in the green-leaf form, the percentage of decrease in the solids content in relation to its value at the beginning of flowering is 37.5%, and in the dark-leaved - 22.3%, i.e. vital physiological processes in plants of a dark leaf morphotype during the growing season were better provided with the necessary substances. The phenomenon is explained by the decay and loss of dry matter [6, p. 46]. Consequently, in Eleutherococcus, from the beginning of flowering to autumn blooming, redistribution of substances accumulated in the leaves occurs. Taking into account the established relationship between the growth and fruiting of Eleutherococcus, it can be assumed that the substances are used in the generative sphere - in the formation of fruits, so the leaves of plants in a small sample (7 pcs.) Were cut in the third decade of August, with up to 30% of the leaf biomass from each bush. Accounting bushes retained viability and completed the growing season at the same time as other plants (September 27-29).

The moisture content of prickly Eleutherococcus leaves under the conditions of introduction is 59-71%, which causes the variability of the aerial mass of the plant. A significant decrease in the moisture content in the leaves by the end of the growing season is explained by a long period of drought in 2010 and a decrease in its content in the soil; prickly eleutherococcus manifested itself as a drought tolerant species under conditions of introduction.

In order to determine the content of trace elements in the leaves of prickly Eleutherococcus in 2010, they were studied in two periods of phenological development. An analysis of the data shows that in the phase before autumn blooming, the content in the leaves of Eleutherococcus of most elements (K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni and Co) in comparison with their amount in the phase of the onset of flowering increases, and the difference, with the exception of the parameters Ni, Pb and Co, reliably. Conversely, there is a significant decrease in the content of Mn in the leaves, as well as a slight decrease in the concentration of Ca and Cd (Table 2).

table 2 Biochemical parameters of prickly Eleutherococcus leaves in the Republic of Mari El (2010) Options DLR [7] * - control Collection date Difference t _f 07/09 1.09 Humidity% there is no data 9.7 ± 0.2 10.5 ± 0.1 +0.8 4.6 Ash content,% there is no data 13.1 ± 0.2 13.3 ± 0.3 +0.2 0.6 Ca ** there is no data 41099.5 ± 2600.9 37228.8 ± 3662.7 -3870,2 0.9 TO there is no data 12303.7 ± 984.1 23469.7 ± 2917.0 +11166.0 3.6 Mg there is no data 2813.3 ± 86.6 7837.0 ± 336.2 +5023.7 14.5 Mn 101.5 151.0 ± 4.0 100.3 ± 7.6 -50.7 5.9 Fe 319.2 111.1 ± 3.8 344.8 ± 13.3 +233.7 16.9 Sr 35.5 58.9 ± 1.8 there is no data Zn 36.8 22.6 ± 0.5 29.9 ± 1.5 +7.3 4.6 Cu 12,2 5.3 ± 0.2 10.3 ± 0.9 +5.0 5,4 Pb 0.99 2.9 ± 0.1 3.3 ± 0.3 +0.4 1,0 Ni 1.06 1.0 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.2 +0.5 2.2 Co 0.96 1.3 ± 0.1 1.4 ± 0.1 +0.1 1.4 Cd 0.14 1.1 ± 0.01 1.0 ± 0.1 -0.1 1,0 Note. * Wild medicinal plants in the southern taiga of the Non-chernozem zone (in the experiment 66 collections); t _f - the coefficient of reliability of the differences; t _st at a significance level of 0.05 = 2.6; ** The content of the element in terms of the dried sample, mg / kg

A comparative analysis of the microelement content data in wild medicinal plants of the Non-Chernozem zone [7, p.549-552] and prickly eleutherococcus leaves revealed some features of the microelement composition of the introduced species. So, in the phase before the autumn blooming of Eleutherococcus leaves, the Cd content exceeds the highest indices of wild-growing species of medicinal plants by 7.1 times, Pb - by 3.3 times, Sr - by 1.7 times, Ni and Co - by 1.5 times. The contents of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu in the leaves are also close to the highest values. According to the content of Ca, K, and Mg in the leaves, they can be considered macroelements. In practical terms, the significant content in the leaves of eleutherococcus of prickly Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Sr, Cu, Zn and some others, which are the most important trace elements, along with the content of glycosides [1], can be regarded as a valuable medicinal and nutritional active raw material.

Thus, the combination of factors: changes in the biological activity of prickly Eleutherococcus [4, p. 8-9], revealed in the plant the relationship of growth processes and fruiting, a significant content in the leaves of many trace elements that are biologically active substances, general rules for the procurement of medicinal plant materials, recommending withdrawal of not more than one third of the total number of leaves [5, p.13], determines the possibility of withdrawal of leaves as a medicinal and food active raw material in the period from the beginning of ripening odov to phase colorization autumn leaves of up to 30-35% of the shrub biomass, maintaining vital and efficient condition of the plants.

This method of harvesting prickly Eleutherococcus leaves allows you to rationally and in vivo use the type of medicinal plant as a medicinal and food active raw material.

Claims (1)

The method of harvesting prickly Eleutherococcus leaves, consisting in the fact that the harvesting of prickly Eleutherococcus leaves is carried out from the phase of the beginning of mass ripening of fruits to the beginning of autumn leaf blooming, calendar from mid to late August, with cuttings growing up to 30-35% in well-lit bushes biomass of leaves located one internode below the apical kidney, and leaving a part of the petiole.