RU2081535C1 - Pea growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural technology. SUBSTANCE: according to method, pea sowing is effected in beds of 15-17 cm height and of width corresponding to working width of sowing machine. Depth of sowing is 4-5 cm. Prior to sowing, seeds are inoculated with increased dose of rhizotorphine. Before placing for storage, seeds are coated with film-forming material having disinfecting agents. After harvesting of yield, shed grain is embedded to sowing depth. Created green mass is used as green manure or fodder. In heavy soils and insufficient moisture content, slots are cut in soil beginning from autumn to depth of 25-30 cm through 70 mm intervals. At amount of shed grain less than 40% of recommended sowing rate, one or two components of quick-growing fodder crops are sown additionally. EFFECT: high efficiency. 2 cl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture.

 A known method of cultivating peas, providing for autumn soil preparation, smooth sowing, pre-sowing treatment, pre-emergence and post-emergence harrowing, chemical treatments for diseases, pests and weeds / Nechaev V.I. Lukyanenko P.P. Spring peas in the Kuban: state and prospects of production. - The journal "Cereal crops", 1994, N 1, S. 11-13 /.

 However, the great dependence of the terms of the traditional smooth sowing of peas on weather conditions does not always allow sowing in the early period, which is necessary for the normal development of pea plants and less damage by its pests and diseases. Traditional technology does not ensure the productive use of crumbled grain.

 The purpose of the invention is the provision of early sowing, reduction of damage by pests and disease susceptibility, rational use of crumbled grain, reducing the number of mechanical treatments.

 The method is as follows.

 On ridges cut in the autumn with a height of 15 17 cm and a width equal to the capture of the sowing unit, when a physically ripe state of the surface layer of soil occurs, sowing peas to a depth of 4-5 cm with simultaneous harrowing and loosening. Pea seeds before sowing are treated with an increased rate of rhizotorfin.

 Unlike smooth, sowing in ridges allows you to exclude pre-sowing treatments, start sowing 8 to 12 days earlier, and also provide optimal seed placement depth and early friendly seedlings.

 On heavy soils with unstable and insufficient moisture, autumn preparation of soil under peas is completed by leveling the field with simultaneous snapping at intervals of 70 cm to a depth of 25-30 cm.

 This method of soil preparation will allow 5-7 days earlier than usual to carry out sowing, retain moisture, increase erosion resistance during cultivation along the contour. Sowing is carried out when the units move along the cracks with the formation of a tramline.

 With early sowing, the development of pea plants and nodule bacteria occurs under optimal conditions of moisture and temperature. In contrast to the traditional sowing dates, with early sowing on ridges, the number and mass of nodules on the roots of peas increases by 15-20, and occurs in a more favorable period.

 When sowing on ridges, all technological operations are carried out while moving the running systems of the units along the technological ruts, which eliminates soil compaction in the zone of development of the root system and improves the conditions for the development of active nodule bacteria.

 Early sowing allows you to break the synchronism in the development of the insect and plant vegetation, less favorable conditions are created for seed damage by pea weevil and other pests, which leads to a reduction in the number of chemical treatments for mid-ripening varieties and their exclusion for early-ripening ones. In the presence of perennial and annual weeds of the upper tier in the phase of 3-5 pea leaves, they are treated against a weed with a mixture of herbicides, growth substances and mineral fertilizers.

 In the budding phase of the formation of beans, mid-season varieties are treated with insecticides and fungicides against pests and diseases with simultaneous foliar feeding.

 Cleaning is carried out by direct combining. Following the harvest of peas with the aim of seeding the crumbled seeds in the sowing layer, they are then treated with a chisel cultivator with rolling, which ensures the appearance of their friendly seedlings. The accumulated vegetative mass is used as siderate. If the amount of crumbled grain is less than 40% of the recommended seeding rate, an additional 1-2 components of fast-growing forage crops are sown with a stubble seeder to increase the yield and improve the nutritional value of green fodder.

Before storage, the grain is treated with a film former with dressing agents and growth stimulants. Autumn processing of grain with a film, in contrast to spring pre-sowing, ensures the death of pests in infected grain, eliminates its damage by barn pests and diseases during winter storage. In order to reduce the negative impact of the protectant, which is part of the film on nodule bacteria, the recommended rate of rhizotorfin for seed treatment before sowing is increased to 30%
Example. In autumn, ridges 140 cm wide and 15 17 cm high were cut on plowed and cut soil using hilling bodies and weeding harrows. In mid-March, seeds pre-treated with an increased dose of rhizotorfin were sown in ridges to a depth of 4 5 cm with simultaneous harrowing and loosening. In phase 3–5 of the internodes, pea sowing with an average weed area was treated against perennial and annual weeds with a tank mixture of herbicides and growth substances. During the budding period, the blooms were treated from pests and diseases with simultaneous foliar feeding. Harvested in mid-July by direct combining.

 The yield of mustached peas of the Pluton variety was 32.6 c / ha. Following the harvest, the soil was treated with a chisel cultivator with rolling.

 In early October, peas with a height of 85 91 cm were plowed on green manure with a green mass yield of 218.0 c / ha. Before laying the seed for storage, pea seeds were treated with a foaming agent with dressing agents.

 The proposed method of cultivating peas allows for early sowing on various types of soils under different moisture conditions. Sowing on ridges or with preliminary slitting increases the erosion resistance of soils with the contour organization of the territory.

 Using a constant tramline reduces soil compaction in the zone of plant development, which allows you to sow to the optimum depth and refuse additional mechanical treatments.

 Early sowing also provides optimal conditions for plant development, reduces damage by pests and disease susceptibility. Using crumbled grain to produce green feed or green manure enriches the soil and provides additional products.

Claims (3)

 1. The method of cultivating peas, including autumn soil preparation, sowing, chemical treatment against pests, diseases and weeds, characterized in that the sowing is carried out on ridges 15 to 17 cm high and a width corresponding to the seeding unit to a depth of 4 5 cm, and the seeds before sowing, they are inoculated with an increased dose of rhizotorfin, and before laying them for storage, they are covered with a foaming agent with dressing agents, and after harvesting, the crumbled grain is closed to the depth of sowing, and the formed green mass is used in as siderate or feed.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that on heavy soils with unstable or insufficient moisture from the autumn cut cracks with a depth of 25 to 30 cm at intervals of 70 cm  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when the amount of crumbled grain is less than 40% of the recommended seeding rate, one or two components of fast-growing feed crops are seeded.