RU2148301C1 - Apparatus for cultivating soil in spacings in the process of growing tilled and other farm crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has frame and working tools successively mounted on frame so as to be adjusted in longitudinal, transverse and vertical planes. Working tools are made in the form of rotary hoe, A-hoe, hoes-shavers, disk-type moldboards with protective housings, and spring-tooth harrow. During traveling of apparatus, rotary hoe mellows upper soil layer and combs out weeds. A-hoe and hoes-shavers mellow soil and undercut weeds over the whole width of spacing up to protective zone. Disk-type moldboards with protective housings cover weeds with dry soil in protective zones of cultivated crops. Coiled free ends of steel strips provide additional crumbling of soil and withdrawal of weeds, as well as leveling of soil surface. Such construction allows fine-grain dry surface soil layer to be created upon cultivation of soil in spacings. This layer facilitates accumulation and retention of soil moisture and effective usage of it due to creating favorable conditions for growing and development of cultured plants. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved yield. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to devices for tillage when growing row crops and other crops.

 Known devices for tillage in row-spacings, containing loosening legs located in the center of the row-spacing, razor legs mounted on the sides, and needle discs (see SU 124730, A 01 B 49/02, 1959).

 The closest analogue in technical essence to the present invention is a device for soil cultivation between rows, containing sequentially mounted working bodies in the form of a pointed arm for loosening the soil in the center of the row spacing, left and right razor paws for cutting weeds and spring harrows (see SU 130720, A 01 B 35/02, 1960).

Common disadvantages of the known devices are the following:
- the impossibility of loosening the top soil layer with crushing it into small lumps to create a moisture-saving layer on the surface;
- the formation after treatment of the soil crust of large clods that damage the root system of plants and fall asleep plants with these clods.

 The objective of the invention is to create between rows of dry moisture-saving topsoil with a thickness of 4-6 cm in a fine-grained state, its alignment, cutting and combing weeds from the rows, suppressing and destroying weeds in rows of plants by sprinkling them with a layer of fine-grained dry soil and creating a roller from dry soil adjustable height and width.

 The technical result is an increase in crop productivity by providing moisture accumulation, moisture conservation, energy conservation and the environment.

 This is achieved by the fact that the device, containing sequentially mounted on the frame working bodies in the form of a pointed arm and razor paws for loosening the soil and cutting weeds in the aisle and spring harrow, is equipped with additional working bodies. Additional working bodies are made in the form of right and left disk dumpers with elastic protective aprons and a two-row sectional hoe, sections of which are mounted at an angle of attack and have a mechanism for its adjustment. A rotational hoe is installed in front of the lancet paw and razor paws, and behind them are successively mounted disk dumpers. Each working body is mounted on the frame with the ability to adjust its position in the longitudinal, transverse and vertical planes. The spring harrow is made in the form of two bars arranged at an angle to each other and to the longitudinal axis of symmetry, on each of which working elements are installed in the form of steel strips fixed on the beam with the central part with twisted free ends.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device, a General view;
in FIG. 2 shows a disc dumper with a protective apron;
in FIG. 3 shows a rotational hoe;
in FIG. 4 shows the working element of the harrow.

 The device comprises a frame with support wheels of the cultivator section (not shown in the drawing), on which the working bodies are sequentially mounted: rotary hoe 1, lancet foot 2, left and right razor paws 3 with or without spring rods, left and right disk dumpers 4 with elastic protective aprons 6 and a spring harrow 5. The spring harrow 5 is made in the form of two bars 7 located at an angle to each other and to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the device, on each of which working elements are made, made in the form fixed on the bars 7 of the central part of the steel belts 8 twisted free ends. Rotary hoe 1 is made of double-row, sectional. Sections 9, 10 of the rotational hoe are installed at an angle of attack and have a mechanism for its adjustment (not shown). The working bodies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are mounted on the frame with the possibility of adjusting them in the longitudinal, transverse and vertical planes by means of longitudinal and transverse bars and vertical racks by any known adjustment mechanisms (for example, by moving in the holes of the frame and fixing in the desired position )

 The device operates as follows.

 When treating dry, merged soil, the rotary hoe 1 combes out the weeds and loosens the upper compacted soil layer in the row spacing to a depth of 4-6 cm with the formation of a fine-grained structure. The lancet paw 1 and the razor paws 3 loosen the soil to a greater depth than the rotary hoe 1, weeds are cut along the entire row spacing to the protective zones. Disk dumpers 4 sprinkle weeds with dry fine-grained soil in the protective zone of plants with the formation of a roller. Protective elastic (eg, rubberized) aprons 6 prevent falling of cultivated plants or their damage. The twisted free ends of the steel strips 8 oscillate and produce additional crumbling of the upper soil layer in the row-spacings, comb the weeds cut by the lancet paw 2 and the razor paws 3, and level the soil surface. Depending on the required processing depth, row spacing, soil condition, species and condition of weeds, the position of the working bodies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is adjusted in the vertical, transverse and longitudinal planes, respectively. After the passage of the device, the upper dry soil layer in the aisle has a fine-grained state, which ensures moisture accumulation and moisture conservation. The falling asleep of weeds with dry soil in the protective zone of a row of cultivated plants prevents their further growth and suppresses it. Herbicide-free weed control improves the environment.

 This treatment allows you to create favorable conditions for the growth and development of cultivated plants, increasing productivity due to the accumulation and preservation of moisture in the soil layer and its productive use.

 Such tillage allows you to create an upper fine-grained dry mulch layer, which provides the accumulation and preservation of moisture in the soil layer and its productive use by cultivated plants, which ensures increased crop yields.

Claims (1)

 A device for cultivating soil between rows when cultivating row crops and other crops, comprising sequentially mounted working bodies in the form of a pointed arm and razor paws for loosening the soil and cutting weeds in the row spacing and spring harrow, characterized in that it is equipped with additional working bodies in the form of right and left disk dumpers with elastic protective aprons and a two-row sectional hoe, sections of which are installed at an angle of attack and have a mechanism for its adjustment wrenches, while the rotational hoe, lancet paw and razor paws are mounted in series in front of the disk dumpers, and each working body is mounted on the frame with the possibility of adjustment in the longitudinal, transverse and vertical planes, and the spring harrow is made in the form of two angled to each other and to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the device of the bars, on each of which working elements are installed in the form of steel strips fixed on the bars with the central part with twisted free ends.

Images