RU2258338C2 - Interrow cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, cultivation of tilled crops.

SUBSTANCE: cultivator has bar and tillage tool section. Tillage tools are made in the form battery of disks arranged at an angle to each other. Hoe is disposed rearward each of tillage tool. Flat hoe tines are arranged in aligned relationship with respect to each of rear battery disks. Disk batteries are fixed so as to be mutually repositioned. Disks are form of spherical.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in weed controlling and leveling of soil surface during cultivation operation.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to the design of cultivators for inter-row cultivation of row crops, including cultivated on stubble backgrounds.

Known cultivator for inter-row processing of gourds KNB-5.4, including a frame, four-section sections, wide-cut plane cutters. Racks of plane cutters move along strips freed from scourges by special working bodies - whip layers (Rudenko N.E., Zemlyanov L.S. Handbook on industrial technologies for the production of vegetables. M. Agropromizdat - 288, ill. Page 233). Its disadvantage is clogging of racks of plane cutters with a large weediness of crops and soil unloading by plane cutters at a small (4-6 cm) depth of processing.

Known cultivator for tillage, containing a beam and a section of tillage working bodies, made in the form of two batteries of needle discs and located behind each of them paws (AS No. 2099909 from 07.23.96. BI No. 36, 1997, p.175) . However, the known design has a number of significant drawbacks. Both needle discs and cultured paws do not provide inter-row processing with surface grinding of plant debris and pruning weeds. The work is disturbed due to clogging of the working bodies by both weeds and plant debris on the soil surface and in the surface soil layer. In addition, after their passage, a ridge surface is formed, which increases the area of moisture evaporation and contributes to the desiccation of the soil.

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is to increase the effectiveness of weed control and leveling the soil surface during cultivation, as well as ensuring the operability of tools on weedy crops, including stubble crops.

The technical result is achieved using a row cultivator, consisting of a beam, sections of the working bodies, on each of which, at an angle to each other, disk batteries are installed with ploskorez placed behind each of them.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that, as a tillage working tool, disc batteries mounted on sections at an angle to each other are used with platter cutters placed behind each of them, with racks installed along the trail of the rear discs of the battery, and the discs are made spherical.

Figure 1 shows a top view of a cultivator section for processing row spacing in one row in the mode of moving soil from plants.

Figure 2 is a rear view of the cultivator and the profile of the field surface after processing.

Figure 3 is a top view of a section of a cultivator, disk batteries which are installed on the hilling plants.

Figure 4 is a rear view of the cultivator and the field profile after processing in the hilling mode.

The cultivator includes a beam 1 (figure 1) with the support wheels 2, section 3 with the support wheels 4.

The batteries of disks 5 and 6 are attached to the frame 9 with their frames 7 and 8, mounted on sections 3 ridges with the possibility of changing the angle of attack of the disks to the direction of movement due to rearrangement of the frame brackets in the holes 10 10. Plane cutters 11 and 12 are installed behind the disk batteries. 13 (figure 2) are placed in the tracks of disks moving the soil last along the unit. In this case, the racks of plane cutters move along the grooves 14 and 15, freed from weeds and plant debris, which eliminates the possibility of clogging.

In the technological cycle of plant care, the beginning of cultivation is carried out when the disks are installed to move the soil from the row (Fig. 1). This is done in order to prevent the plant seedlings from falling into the soil.

The angle of installation of the disks to the direction of motion α is selected depending on the condition and type of soil. On light (sandy and sandy loamy) soils it is reduced, on heavy clay soils it is increased. The depth of treatment with disk batteries is set by changing the position of the support wheels of the cultivator sections 4, and the plane cutters by moving the racks in the holders. The depth of the ploskorez should be 2-3 cm greater than the depth of the disks. In the general case, the disks installed at an angle do not process (cut and sideways) the entire soil surface, but only the strips indicated in figure 1 by the index B (shaded), while strips A with a width of b _P remain untreated, but only they are dusted with a layer of soil from the zone B. Undercutting of the entire layer of the treated row spacing zone is carried out by plane cutters 11 and 12 installed at an angle γ to the direction of movement of the unit. In this case, the fight against weeds is carried out as cutting and grinding, and filling up their soil (figure 2). The zone marked with dots is the zone of weed cutting and loosening by plane cutters, shaded - this is soil displaced by disks, heaping weeds.

It should be noted that the installation of narrow gripping paws - razors or lancet paws, whose racks would move along zone B behind each of the disks, is impossible due to clogging with weeds.

The zone free from vegetation is zone B only after the last disk in the direction of movement of each of the disk batteries. This is where the racks 13 of the plane cutters 11 and 12 should be placed.

Spherical disks, filling up the untreated zone with soil (hdop in figure 2), provide an increase in the height of the soil layer above the plane cutter (h + hdop in figure 2) to a value that provides complete cutting of weeds without unloading.

When the plants get stronger, their height reaches 8-10 cm or more, the disk batteries are interchanged and the disks begin to move the soil to the row (see figures 3 and 4). The height of the soil layer above the row after the passage of the cultivator can be changed both by changing the angle of installation of the disks α, and the speed of the unit.

Implementation examples

Example 1

Weed control is proposed by the proposed cultivator and prototype. The data obtained are presented in table. 1.

Table 1
Quality indicators on post-harvest processing No. p / p Fixed parameter Values for the gun prototype proposed 1 2 3 4 1 Depth of processing, cm 8-10 6-8 2 Combing,% 70-80 40-50 3 Crumbling 0.70-0.75 0.85-0.95 4 Destroyed weeds,% 92-95 100 5 Violations of work from sticking of working bodies there is Is absent 6 Disturbances from clogging with plant residues After 30-80 m, depending on clogging Is absent

As can be seen from the table, the proposed working body has the best performance against the background of a lower depth of tillage.

Example 2

We check the effectiveness of weed control after the passage of the working bodies installed on moving the soil to the row (hilling).

The indicators obtained after the passage of units equipped with compared working bodies are shown in table 2.

Table 2.
The performance of the units after the installation of the working bodies on the hilling plants No. p / p Fixed parameter Values for the gun prototype proposed 1 2 3 4 1 The height of the poured soil layer along the row axis, cm 0 9-14 2 Filled with weeds in the protective zone of the row,% 10-15 90-95

Note: the height of weeds was 6-14 cm, the height of tomato plants was 30-56 cm.

The application of the invention improves the efficiency of weed control in the protective zone of the row by the earthing method.

Claims (1)

The cultivator is a row cultivator containing a beam and a section of tillage working bodies made in the form of two disk batteries and located behind each of them paws, characterized in that the disk batteries on the sections are mounted at an angle to each other and are mounted with the possibility of mutual interchange, the disks are made spherical, and the legs are in the form of plane cutters, each of which is placed on the trail of the rear disc of the battery.

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