RU2128735C1 - Machine for wool opening and cleaning - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile industry. SUBSTANCE: machine has feed conveyor, a pair of feed rollers, two successive opening cylinders with spikes, grates, vessel for accumulation of trash, pressing roller, and the first opening cylinder with fillet in the form of saw-toothed discs installed before two second and third opening cylinders with spikes. Upper feed roller and pressing roller are installed for adjustment of gap relative to opening cylinder with fillet in the form of saw-toothed discs. Rotation speed of the third cylinder exceeds that of the second cylinder but is less than the rotation of the first cylinder. Grates are made in the form of rotating rollers. EFFECT: higher efficiency of opening and cleaning of wool from easily removable solid impurities with preservation of wool quality and reduced losses of wool fiber. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the wool industry, mainly to primary processing of wool, and can be used in production lines and separately from them as a continuous machine for loosening and cleaning unwashed and washed wool from various solid contaminants (plant, mineral, dairy and other impurities).

 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Scaffold machines of various designs are known for loosening and scuffing wool (unwashed, landfills), comprising a feed conveyor, a pair of feed rollers, two or three ripping drums with spikes, grate grates, a dirt collecting tank, a discharge conveyor for lunges ( Rogachev N.V., Fedorov V.A. Primary processing of wool - M.: Light Industry, 1967, - pp. 147-164). Despite the differences in design, well-known machines have the same principle of operation: the wool is fed using a feeding device, processed by drums with a ring set and removed from the machine; clogs fall through the grate. The results of beating depend on the choice of structural elements of the main working bodies of the bobbing machine: the number of drums, the shape of the working headset, its frequency, as well as the distance between the working bodies and the stationary parts of the machine. When loosening, these factors significantly affect the average size of a piece of wool and the safety of the fiber. Depending on the type of wool choose the type of ring headset drums. When scuffing, the degree of purification of wool from various kinds of impurities depends on the type of grate bars that are installed under the drum. They are usually made removable for cleaning from dirt, smooth, from a perforated sheet or drawn from round or oval rods.

 When wool is processed on known machines, when it is loosened, fiber is significantly damaged due to its dragging by high-speed pegs and impacts of the fiber against the grate, which leads to a decrease in the total fiber length and, consequently, to a deterioration in the quality and weight loss of the fiber. In addition, contamination is deposited on existing grate grids, leading to clogging of gratings and impairment of the passage of impurities through them, while the degree of fiber purification is significantly reduced.

 Also analogs are the AV-18 cultivator (Poland) and the 2BT-150Sh (180Sh) double-drum bobbin machine manufactured by the Tekmash Kirsanovsky plant (TU 84-217-88E).

 The disadvantages of the known devices include all of the above. In the AV-18 cultivator, unlike the proposed device, the first of three ripping drums, the rotation speed of which is very low compared to the next two, serves only as a feeding drum for transporting and forming a layer of processed wool.

 A device for loosening and cleaning fibrous material, mainly wool, comprising a feeding mechanism, a main working section with two peg drums and several additional sections installed along the material movement with two sequentially working drums, the first of which are made of peel drums, and the drums themselves are installed with the possibility of rotation in each subsequent section with a speed greater than the speed of the respective drums in the previous section, with the second drum in each additional of the unit section rotates at a speed greater than the speed of the first drum and has plates on the outer surface that are perpendicular to its axis in longitudinal rows with offset plates in adjacent rows equal to the distance between the pegs of the first drum in the same section (USSR copyright certificate N 821548 class D 01 G 9/06, 1981).

 The disadvantages of the known device is the complexity in the manufacture and operation of the device, as well as significant loss of fiber mass due to the imperfection of the design of the movable bar conveyors, in which the fiber falls and is wound onto the bars.

 A known method of loosening wool and a device for its implementation (RF patent N 207983, CL D 01 B 3/00, 1997). The device for loosening the wool includes a feed conveyor, a pair of feed rollers, the upper of which is installed with the possibility of adjusting the gap relative to the ripping drum, a ripping drum, the headset of which is made in the form of saw disks, a pressure roller installed with the possibility of adjusting the gap also with respect to the ripping drum. This device allows, using the well-known method of loosening wool, to effectively develop the wool of landfills, while reducing damage to the fiber during its processing and to ensure, basically, high-quality loosening of the wool without cleaning it.

 Known methods for cleaning fibrous material by moving it along the grate, the grate of which is informed of rotational or rotational-vibrational motion (US patent N 3382544, CL 19-202, 1968; USSR copyright certificate N 595435, CL D 01 G 9/00, 1978). The use of known methods in machines for cleaning fibrous material, such as cotton, increases the cleaning efficiency and eliminates possible loss of fiber mass.

 The prior art machine for loosening and cleaning wool (Prince N. V. Rogacheva., V. A. Fedorov "Primary Wool Processing", M .: Light Industry, 1967, pp. 152-154), containing a feed conveyor, a pair of feed rollers, two sequentially installed ripping drums with pegs, grates, a capacity for collecting contaminants, adopted as the closest analogue.

 The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the low efficiency of loosening and cleaning.

 The technical problem solved in the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of loosening and cleaning wool from easily removable solid contaminants while maintaining quality and reducing the weight loss of wool fiber.

 The technical result, which consists in eliminating these drawbacks in the invention, comprising a feed conveyor, a pair of feed rollers, two successively mounted ripping drums with pegs, grate grates, a capacity for collecting contaminants, is achieved due to the fact that it has a pressure roller and a first ripping drum with a headset in the form of saw blades mounted in front of two, second and third, ripping drums with pegs, while the upper feed roller and pressure roller are installed with the possibility of Strongly gap adjusting relative loosening drum with a headset as saw blades, and the rotational speed of the third reel is greater than the second, but less than the first reel, and the grates are formed as rotary rollers.

 The machine for loosening and cleaning wool contains a feed conveyor 1, a pair of feed rollers 2, a pinch roller 3, a first ripping drum 4, the headset of which is made in the form of saw blades, two (second and third) ripping drums with pegs 5-6, grate 7 under each drum, a container for collecting pollution 8.

 The main characteristic of the proposed machine for loosening and cleaning wool is to provide it with a pinch roller and a ripping (first) drum according to RF patent N 2079583, installed in front of two (second and third) successive ripping drums with pegs. The introduction of a pressure roller and a ripping drum into the machine with a headset in the form of saw disks and with the possibility of adjusting the clearance relative to the drum separately for the upper feeding and pressure rollers allows you to effectively loosen wool of different names, lengths, state, and degree of stalling, for example, wool, over the entire processed volume landfills. Qualitatively loosened wool with the least damage and loss of fiber mass is further processed between the first ripping drum with a headset of saw blades and the second ripping drum with pegs, and then between the two (second and third) consecutive drums with pegs, carried out when dragging wool between the drum heads and rollers of the grate, as well as during additional blows by the drum tips on the wool passing in the zone of their interaction. Communication to the third drum of a speed greater than the speed of the second, but lower than the speed of the first ripping drum allows you to achieve the desired technical result - improving the efficiency of loosening and cleaning wool from contamination while maintaining quality and reducing fiber weight loss. Moreover, the degree of purification of the processed fiber is further increased due to the fact that the grate is made in the form of rotating rollers. As the fiber is pulled along the rollers, the debris in the fiber mass is shaken and then removed from the machine.

 Machine for loosening and cleaning wool works as follows.

 Raw materials (unwashed or washed wool, or landfill wool) through the feed conveyor 1 enters the clamp of a pair of feed rollers 2, which, holding the fiber, transmit it under the influence of the pressure roller 3 and the working first drum 4 with a headset of saw blades. The gaps relative to the drum 4 between the upper roller 2 of the feed pair, as well as the pinch roller 3 mounted above the ripping drum 4, allow you to adjust the introduction of rotating saw blades of the drum 4 into the wool volume depending on its quality, length, amount of contamination, degree of fiber felting. The speed of the first ripping drum 4 is greater than the speed of the other two (second and third) ring drums 5-6. Due to this, the effect of high-quality loosening of the fiber is initially achieved. In this case, the wool is loosened with minimal damage and falls sequentially on the splitting of the first second, then the third loosening drums 5-6. The speed of rotation of the third drum 6 is greater than the second, but significantly less than the first, which allows for a decrease in speed effects on the fiber to provide a qualitative cleaning effect by removing weed impurities from the baking powder. The cleaning effect of the processed fiber is also increased due to the fact that the grate is made in the form of rotating rollers. Due to the dragging of the fiber along the rollers, the weed impurities present in the mass of the fiber, when the rollers rotate, are carried along in the direction of movement and fall into the container for collecting dirt 8.

 Experimental studies on a laboratory sample of the inventive machine for loosening and cleaning wool in comparison with the known showed the possibility of processing fiber while maintaining its quality and reducing weight loss.

 The table shows comparative technical indicators for processing wool on the proposed machine for loosening and cleaning wool in a known ripping device and bobbin machine.

Claims (1)

 A machine for loosening and cleaning wool, comprising a feed conveyor, a pair of feed rollers, two successively mounted ripping drums with spikes, grate grids, a dirt collecting tank, characterized in that it has a pressure roller and a first ripping drum with a headset in the form of saw blades, installed in front of two, second and third, ripping drums with pegs, while the upper feed roller and pinch roller are installed with the possibility of adjusting the gap relative to the ripping drum and with a headset in the form of saw blades, and the rotation speed of the third drum is greater than the second, but less than the first drum, and the grate is made in the form of rotating rollers.

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