RU2112340C1 - Weed control method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: method involves directing air flow to crop plants for inclining crop plants to adjacent spacing and mowing large-stalk weeds to the level of crops inclined to soil surface. Apparatus has drive shaft and disk attached to shaft end and provided with blades and mowing cutters. Blades and cutters are enclosed in housing and arranged in plane perpendicular to operating unit advancement direction. Lower part of housing is provided with air discharge window. EFFECT: increased efficiency in weed control, simplified method and apparatus and enhanced reliability in operation. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, to mechanical methods of weed control, for example, in beet crops.

 In the summer-autumn periods of vegetation in the protection zones and directly in the rows of beets in large numbers appear large-stemmed weeds such as thistles, shiritsa, quinoa, etc., which can be removed only by hand. However, with a shortage of labor resources, this operation is often not performed. As a result, weeds grow, intensify the competition for moisture, nutrients, solar energy, obscuring cultivated plants. When seeding, they increase the stock of seeds of weed plants in the soil.

 There is a method of killing weeds, according to which weeds in rows successively tilt and fall asleep with soil, as well as a device for performing this method [1].

 The device contains cultivating sections on which flexible elements are mounted at a certain distance from the soil surface. For each such element in sections fixed disk zagortachki.

 The way weed control is as follows.

 In the process, the flexible elements are moved directly over the rows that bend the weeds to the soil, and disk earthen cuts the soil between the rows, moves it to the rows and the inclined weeds fall asleep.

 When meeting with a cultivated plant, the flexible element should deviate and go around it. Thus, this device can be used only on large-stem crops (corn, sunflower, etc.) at a later date when their elasticity is higher than that of weeds. On beets, this device cannot be used due to the weak elasticity of its leaf-stem mass.

 The closest in technical essence to the claimed method and device is a method of weed control, used in some farms by mowing them at the level of the upper tier of beet leaves throughout the growing season when weeds grow 10 cm above the beet leaves [2].

 As a device for implementing the method in the above farms (see [2]), BM-6 industrial toppers are used. The device and description of these machines are presented in the book "Machines for beet farming" [3].

 The main working bodies of these machines are six toppers, consisting of shafts, at the ends of which disks with blades and mowing knives are fixed. In the case of weed control, the shafts with knives are set at the level of the upper tier of beet leaves and the protruding weeds are cut in six rows simultaneously.

 The disadvantage of this method and device is the incompleteness of the weed cut, determined only by the part protruding above the free-standing leaves of cultivated plants.

 We propose a method and device that can significantly increase the completeness of the cut of coarse weeds over rows of some row crops, for example beets.

 A method of controlling weeds, including mowing high-stemmed weeds over cultivated plants, characterized in that before mowing the weeds, a directed air flow is fed into the mowing zone to tilt the cultivated plants into the adjacent row spacing and press them to the soil.

 Thus, a higher completeness of the weed slice is achieved by the fact that this slice is produced not at the level of the upper free-standing layer of leaves (as in the known method), but at the level of the leaves of cultivated plants pressed by air to the soil, for example, beets. In this case, the slope is carried out in the direction of clean adjacent row-spacings, which ensures lower pressing of cultivated plants to the soil. This is the novelty of the method.

 A device for controlling weeds, comprising a drive shaft mounted in a bearing element with a blade with blades and mowing knives fixed at its end, characterized in that the blades, mowing knives and disk are placed in a casing mounted on the bearing element and are located in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement unit, while the casing has a window at the bottom.

 Comparison of the claimed device with the prototype shows that it is new that the blades and mowing knives together with the disk are enclosed in a casing and placed in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the unit, while the casing is made with a window in the lower part.

 The invention is based on the use of the effect of varying degrees of elasticity, windage of the stem part of cultivated and weed plants. At the same time, a distinctive feature of the proposed method and device is that it is not the weed that is tilted (pressed) to the soil, but the cultivated plant itself, and not by contact action, but by means of a directed air stream, which ensures their safety.

 In Fig.1 shows a device in the form of one cultivating section with an active drive, rear view: in Fig. - 2, same side view.

 The cultivator section device comprises a roller 1, enclosed in a tubular casing 2 and a disk 3 fixed on the end of the roller with mowing knives 4 and blades 5. A casing 6 is fixed to the tubular casing 2, which covers a rotating disk 3 with blades 5 and knives 4, and in the lower Parts has an exhaust port for air outlet.

 The drive to the rollers of the cultivator sections is transmitted from the tractor power take-off shaft. Moreover, during operation, each rotating disk is placed above the row in the transverse plane in which its rotation also occurs.

 The way weed control is as follows.

 When moving the device over a row, a rotating disk 3 with blades 5 creates a stream of air in the cavity of the casing 6, which is directed through the bottom window to the row and with it is tilted towards the adjacent row spacing and pressed to the ground are the plants in it with low elasticity and greater windage, for example, beet leaves, simultaneously with this, they cut with knives coarse weeds at the level of cultivated plants pressed to the soil.

 The proposed method and device allows, due to a lower cut of weeds, to reduce the number of such operations from at least three to two, which will reduce the cost of caring for beets by at least 10%.

Sources of information
1. USSR copyright certificate N 1424750; A 01 B 39/18; 09/23/88, Bull. N 33.

 2. Shapoval N.P. ,, Barabash N.N., Slobodnyak V.K., Tokarenko G.M. Ways to control weeds. - Sugar beets, 1986, N 6, s.31 - 33.

 3. Tsymbal A. G., Kovtun Yu. I. Machines for beet farming. -M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1976.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of controlling weeds, including mowing highly stalked weeds over cultivated plants, characterized in that before mowing the weeds, a directed air flow is fed into the mowing zone to tilt the cultivated plants into the adjacent row spacing and press them to the soil.  2. A device for weed control, comprising a drive shaft mounted in a bearing element with a blade with blades and mowing knives fixed at its end, characterized in that the blades, mowing knives and disk are placed in a casing mounted on the bearing element and are located in a plane perpendicular the direction of movement of the unit, while the casing has a window in the lower part.

Images