RU2529311C1 - Method of controlling weeds and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: weeds in rows and protection zones are consistently tilted in the direction of the row and covered with soil with partial cutting of stems in the inter-row spacings. The weeds are isolated from the stems of crop plants and weeds in rows and protection zones. The isolated weeds are consistently tilted, and the low-located and overgrown weeds stems are moved from the row of crops in the direction of adjacent inter-row spacings. Simultaneously with the movement of weeds their roots and stems are trimmed in the protection zones, the topsoil cleaned from them is loosened and the weeds are shifted in the inter-row spacings. The tilted stems of weeds are additionally trimmed along the boundaries of protection zones, and the crop plants are spudded in the protection zones. The device comprises the brackets mounted on the frame, resilient elements, covering units and p subsurface cultivating working elements. The resilient elements are made in the form of arcuate stalk ejector fixed in the upper part on the spring-loaded leash pivotally suspended to the bracket and mounted on the frame of the cultivator at an angle of 20-30° to the horizontal. The S-shaped stalk ejector ends are bent in a horizontal plane from the symmetry axis by an angle of 120-130°, and in the vertical plane - at an rear angle of 3-4°. The tail part of the stalk ejector is bent towards the axis of symmetry along the arc forming an angle of slip of up to 30°. The outer surfaces of the ends and tail parts of the stalk ejector are equipped with removable cutting elements. The covering units are mounted behind the tail part of the stalk ejector at an angle of 7-15° to the axis of symmetry. On the outer cutting edge of the covering units the sawtooth notches are made.

EFFECT: improving the quality of control of weeds of mixed species and reduction of damage to crop plants.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering and, in particular, to the production of cultivators for inter-row cultivation of row crops.

In the protection zones and crops of row crops, especially sugar and fodder beets, in the spring-summer vegetation period, low-growing and overgrown weeds appear, worsening the conditions for their development. During this period, the problem of combating crop clogging arises.

There is a method of killing weeds by directing the air flow to weeds and cultivated plants, the last of which, due to the large-leaf surface, are tilted into adjacent aisles, and not dead, upright weeds, are cut at the level of leaves of cultivated plants pressed by the air flow to the soil [RF Patent No. 2112340; АВВ 39/18, 1993. Popov F.K. et al. Weed control method and device for its implementation].

The method is implemented using a device in which there is a drive shaft with a disk fixed at its end with blades and mowing knives.

The known method and device have limited use in terms of the species composition of weeds having mainly a rod-shaped stalk (quinoa, shiritsa, sow thistle, etc.). For a mixed type of blockage (cereal, root shoots, creeping, etc.), such a method and device become ineffective.

Closest to the claimed method and device is a method of killing weeds, which consists in the fact that the weeds in rows are tilted and covered with soil and trimmed in rows between rows [USSR Author's Certificate No. 1424750; A01B 39/18, 1987. 3 A.F. and other device for the destruction of weeds in rows of plants].

The device for implementing this method is equipped with elastic elements (plates) fixed to the frame by means of brackets, each of which is located in front of one of the shorting bars and is installed with a displacement in the transverse direction of half the working width of the plane-cutting working body.

A disadvantage of the known method and device are:

- limited use due to the height of the weeds. For overgrown weeds, i.e. above cultivated plants, this method and device are unacceptable, because weeds bend towards the row and will not be completely covered with soil, and their unspoiled tops will shade cultivated plants;

- limited the width of the action of elastic elements (plates), only half capture of the plane-cutting working body, as well as the increased risk of mechanical damage and heaping of cultivated plants with high-stemmed weeds;

- the absence of soil loosening in the protective zones creates unfavorable conditions for the development of cultivated plants due to soil compaction in the protective zones by the root system of weeds.

An object of the invention is to control weeds of a mixed type and to reduce damage to row crops, for example beets, while loosening the soil in protective zones and additional hilling.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of weed control, which consists in the fact that the weeds in rows and protective zones are sequentially tilted towards the row and covered with soil with partial cutting of the stems in the rows, according to the invention from the stalk of cultivated and weed plants in rows and protective weeds are separated, the low-standing and overgrown weed stems are sequentially tilted and moved from a row of cultivated plants to the side of adjacent row-spacings with the simultaneous cutting of their roots and stems in defense s zones, loosening purified therein topsoil and shift weeds in aisles, further undercut inclined weed stalks along the boundaries of protection zones and spud crop plants in the protective zones. The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the weed control device comprising brackets, elastic elements, earthing devices and plane-cutting working elements fixed to the frame, according to the invention, the elastic elements are made in the form of an arc-shaped stalk tap fixed in the upper part to a spring-loaded leash hinged to the the bracket and mounted on the cultivator frame at an angle of 20 ... 30 ° to the horizon, the S-shaped ends of which are bent in the horizontal plane from the axis of symmetry at an angle of 120 ... 130 °, and in vertical of the flat plane - with a back angle of 3 ... 4 °, with the tail part bent to this axis along an arc forming a sliding angle of up to 30 °, the outer surfaces of the ends and tail parts of the stalk retractor are equipped with cutting elements, while the snags are installed behind the tail part of the stern retractor at an angle of 7 ... 15 ° to the axis of symmetry, and sawtooth notches are applied on its outer cutting edge.

The method and device are illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the initial state of clogging of crops of cultivated plants in one row with the protective zones, top view; figure 2 is a method of tilting the stems of weeds from one row of cultivated plants in the direction of row spacing with simultaneous cutting and section of the protective zones, cleared of weeds and loosened soil, top view; figure 3 - one row of cultivated plants with cleared of weeds and loosened protective zones, with a soil profile from the passage of the disk zagortach and hilling of cultivated plants in the protective zones, a cross section of the row; figure 4 is a device for weed control, side view; figure 5 - device for weed control, top view; figure 6 is a cross section of the S-shaped end of the stalk.

The weed control method is illustrated by schemes showing cultivated plants 1, weed protection zones 2 inclined along the S-shaped profile 3, and weed cut 4, cleaned protection zones with loosened soil 5, soil cut profile along the boundaries of the protection zones 6, cut weeds 7, soil 8, moved during earthing up.

The method of weed control is that weeds are separated from the stalk of cultivated and weed plants in rows and protective zones, and low-growing and overgrown weed stalks are successively tilted and grown from the row of cultivated plants towards adjacent row-spacings with simultaneous cutting of their roots and stems in the protective zones by loosening the topsoil cleaned in them and shifting the weeds into the aisles, the inclined stems of the weeds along the boundaries of the protective zones are additionally cut and cultivated plants are protected x zones.

A device for weed control is installed on the cultivator frame for inter-row cultivation of row crops between its sections and contains a stalk tap 9 with an end part 10 and a shank 11, a lead 12, a hinge 13, an arm 14, a clamp 15, a cultivator frame 16, a compression spring 17, a restrictive an element (chain) 18, a zagotachka disk 19 with a notch, a rack 20, an element of the cultivator section - a holder 21, a removable cutting element 22, made on an S-shaped profile.

Stem branch 9 (spring bar or tube) is rigidly attached in the upper arcuate part to the lead 12, which is connected via a hinge 13 to the bracket 14, and the clamp 15 is attached to the cultivator frame 16, ensuring stability of the connections and the angle of inclination of the stalk branch 20 ... 30 ° and the rear angle its end parts 3 ... 4 ° to the horizon. The leash 12 has an adjustable connection with the bracket 14 by means of a compression spring 17 and its course is regulated by the restrictive element (chain) 18, mainly in the transport position. The earthing disk 19 with a notch is mounted on a stand 20 connected to an element of the cultivator section - a holder 21, which allows you to move the ejector in the longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the row and set the disk earthing angle 7 ... 15 ° to the axis of symmetry, and also in depth relative to the soil surface . The end 10 and tail 11 of the stem tap 9 are equipped with a cutting element 22, made removable and along an S-shaped profile, have an angle of bend of 120 ... 130 ° to the axis of symmetry, and the tail of the slip angle up to 30 °.

The device operates as follows.

The cultivator and the frame 16 are set to the position of the inter-row processing, i.e. with the arrangement of sections in the row-spacing so that the axis of symmetry of the stalk branches and rows of cultivated plants, for example beets, coincide (for multi-row cultivators), and the top of the stalk branch is lower by 1/2 ... 1/3 of the upper leaves of cultivated plants. In the process of movement of the aggregate with an adjusting speed of V _{p, the} stem stalk 9, moving along the center of the row with its upper arc part, pushes the leaves of cultivated plants and tall weeds from the center of the row. The leaves of cultivated plants, passing through the center of the stalk of the arcuate shape, are straightened and are inside the stalk of the tap and are not further damaged by the device. Weeds 4 (medium and high-standing) stand out from the stem mass (cultivated plants and weeds) by the arc of the stalk tap, sliding along the outer surface of the stalk tap 9, directionally tilt its outer part towards the aisle and approach the end 10 and the tail parts 11 of the stalk tap 9, where along with low-lying and creeping are cut by the cutting element 22, which simultaneously loosens the soil 5 in the protective zones. Under the influence of oncoming weeds, the trimmed (high-standing) and inclined (low-lying and creeping) weeds 4 are shifted by the end and tail parts of the stalk tap to the boundaries of the protective zones, fall under the disk zagotchok 19, which is installed with a recess of 4 ... 6 cm, adjustable by the stand 20 and holder 21 , where they are held by its notch and finally cut, and by the selected soil 8, from the edges of the protective zones, the zagortag 19 makes the cultivation of cultivated plants 1.

The completeness of the destruction of weeds in the protective zones and the degree of loosening of the soil by the cutting element 22 is regulated by the compression spring 17 of the stems.

Thus, a higher degree of destruction of weeds in the protection zones is achieved by the fact that the destruction of weeds is carried out not at the level of their pressing against the soil, but at the soil level in the protection zones. At the same time, weeds are first extracted from the foliage of cultivated plants, then the successive slope and movement of the stems of low-standing and overgrown weeds in the protective zones, starting from the row to the borders of the protective zones, is combined with cutting and loosening of the upper soil layer. In addition, the inclined weeds are cut along the boundaries of the protective zones while cultivating the cultivated plants.

The proposed method and device, tested in a pilot farm on beet crops, showed that due to the low cut, loosening of the soil in the protective zones and hilling, the weediness and, as a result, chemical weeding of crops of cultivated plants, for example, beets, decreased to one, instead of 2 .. .4, damage to beets and reduced labor costs for care by 30 ... 50%, the cost of chemicals to 30% and thereby reduced anthropogenic pressure on the environment.

Claims (2)

The method of weed control, which consists in the fact that weeds in rows and protective zones are successively tilted towards the row and covered with soil with partial cutting of stems in rows between rows, characterized in that weeds are separated from the stalk of cultivated and weed plants in rows and protective zones, sequentially tilt and move low-standing and overgrown weed stalks from a row of cultivated plants towards adjacent row-spacings with simultaneous cutting of their roots and stems in protective zones, loosening of the upper of soil and weed shift in aisles, further undercut angled stems of weeds along the boundaries of protective zones and spud crop plants in the protective zones. 2. A device for weed control, containing brackets fixed on the frame, elastic elements, earthing devices and plane-cutting working bodies, characterized in that the elastic elements are made in the form of an arc-shaped stem tap, mounted in the upper part on a spring-loaded leash, hinged to the bracket and mounted on the cultivator frame at an angle of 20 ... 30 ° to the horizon, the S-shaped ends of which are bent in the horizontal plane from the axis of symmetry at an angle of 120 ... 130 °, and in the vertical plane with a back angle of 3 ... 4 °, and the tail part is bent to this axis along an arc forming a sliding angle of up to 30 °, the outer surfaces of the ends and tail parts of the stalk retractor are equipped with removable cutting elements, while the snags are installed behind the tail part of the stern retractor at an angle of 7 ... 15 ° to the axis of symmetry, and on their outer cutting sawtooth notches are applied to the edge.

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