RU2632221C1 - Method for fighting against lupin (lupinus polyphyllus) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for fighting against lupin involves mowing it with a gasoline mower of a trimmer gasoline type with a two- or three-bladed metal cutter and the power of 0.65-0.8 kW. At least two approaches are made, with the duration of each approach to the plant of 5-10 seconds. The mower movement is directed from top to bottom from the top of the stem to its base at a time when the plant has faded, and the stems of its flower stalks and old leaves have hardened.

EFFECT: method ensures the effective fighting against lupine due to multiple cleavage of the rhizomes and isolation of the renewal buds, which leads to complete death of the treated plants.

1 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and can find application for practical implementation on the lands of small agricultural enterprises: private and private household plots, horticultural partnerships, leshozes, nature reserves and reserves. In addition, this method can be used by environmental departments of municipalities in various regions.

Lupine leafy (Lupinus polyphyllus) is a herbaceous biennial or perennial plant 50-150 cm high with straight powerful stems and palmate leaves with a long petiole. Garden hybrids of this species, including L. polyphyllus, are known. Lupinus x regalis, characterized by branched stems and denser inflorescences. The natural habitat of this species is western parts of North America with an oceanic climate: Canada (British Columbia), USA (Alaska, western Oregon, western Washington, northern California). Initially, lupine was introduced to Europe in the 19th century as a beautifully flowering garden plant. Garden forms with white, pink, red, yellow, two-color corollas are known. In addition, lupine is an important agricultural plant. It grows in symbiosis with the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Bradyrhizobium sp., Which causes the growth of root nodules and captures molecular nitrogen from the atmosphere. The soils where L. polyphyllus grows are enriched with nitrogen, which can also be used by other plant species. In this regard, the plant is used as green manure - they specially smell green mass to increase soil fertility. The ability to increase soil fertility is the main reason for the diverse and widespread use of the plant. The ability of lupine to improve soil and prevent its salinization is widely known, especially for poor acid soils. This species is still planted to strengthen open soils after road construction works or after tree felling. Lupine is planted as a green fertilizer, used as fodder. Lupine seeds are high in protein and fat.

At the same time, along with the economic importance of lupine, it is included in the Black Book of Flora of Central Russia as a dangerous invasive species. Its invasiveness is associated with the exit of culture beyond the borders of planned crops and the active independent resettlement in many European countries and in various regions of Russia. In particular, in Yaroslavl, Moscow, Kaluga, Vladimir, Tver, Ryazan, Ivanovo, Bryansk and other regions of Russia (Notov A.A., Vinogradova Yu.K., Mayorov SR. On the problem of developing and maintaining regional black books. Russian Journal Biological Invasions, 2010, No. 4, pp. 54-67).

Currently, on invasive lands, for example, in the Smolensk and Kaluga Regions, extensive invasive populations of L. polyphyllus have formed, which are single-species thickets that extend beyond the horizon. Violation of the technology for the use of forage crops and mismanagement of land led to the appearance of unwanted numerous areas overgrown with lupins. The penetration of lupine into natural biocenoses, its high productivity (more than 200 seeds) and the longevity (preservation of germination to 50 years) of its seeds become a serious threat to natural biodiversity. The undesirable effects of lupine include the formation of extensive dense thickets that suppress natural vegetation, and a change in the chemistry and soil fertility in favor of species demanding nitrogen. In addition, the plant and its seeds contain alkaloids, the consumption of which can be harmful to sheep and cattle. The content of alkaloids (the main alkaloid is lupanine) can vary from 3.5% in seeds to 2% in vegetative organs. Depending on meteorological conditions, the toxicity of fodder lupins is not the same. It increases when they are sown in combination with blue lupins and can lead to cattle poisoning - lupinosis (Lupine poisoning. Published on November 9, 2014, found on April 12, 2016 on the Internet: http://sam-stroy.info/fazenda/bolezni/1415547207. htm).

The stability of lupine is also due to the fact that it belongs to the group of hemicryptophytes - plants in which the buds of renewal during the unfavorable period of the year remain at the soil level (sometimes slightly higher) and are protected by scales, fallen leaves and snow cover. In addition, plants can often spread through underground rhizomes: this is used in horticulture, where plants can not only be grown from seeds, but also propagated by division. To date, no effective means have been invented to combat lupins.

Basically, weed control is carried out by applying herbicides to the soil in spring and autumn (RU 2110904, 05.20.1998; RU 2057418, 04.10.1996; RU 2267245, 01.10.2006). However, the introduced herbicides do not completely destroy weeds, especially rhizomes and perennials, which, in particular, include lupine. In addition, the herbicide accumulated in the soil increases its acidity, compacts and reduces its quality. And ultimately, this kind of weed control pollutes the environment.

Also known are methods of controlling lupine, consisting in proposals to abandon the cultivation of lupine, monitoring the phytocentric state of the environment. Including grazing sheep and mowing, which is produced 2 times a year before flowering and 2 months later for 3-5 years. All this leads to a decrease in the competition of lupine with indigenous species, but, according to the authors, “the species does not completely disappear” (Vinogradova Yu.K., Kuklina AG, Tkacheva EV. Invasive species of plants of the Bobov family. Lupin, Galega , Robinia, Amorpha, Karagana. M.: ABF, 2014, p. 28-76). This source of information is considered by us as the closest analogue.

The technical result of the claimed method is to increase the effectiveness of the fight against lupine due to the multiple splitting of rhizomes and isolation of the kidneys of renewal and, as a result, the complete death of the treated plants.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the fight against lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus) is carried out by mowing, and mowing is carried out by a gas trimmer type gasoline trimmer with a 2- or 3-blade metal knife and a power of 0.65-0.8 kW, while at least 2 approaches are made with a duration of each approach 5-10 seconds to the plant, directing the mower from top to bottom, starting from the top of the lupine stem to its base, during the period when the plant has flowered and the stems of its peduncles and old leaves have hardened.

The method is as follows.

Continuous thickets of lupine are selected and mowed. In this case, mowing is carried out with a gas trimmer type gasoline trimmer with a 2- or 3-blade metal knife and a power of 0.65-0.8 kW. Mowing is carried out in several approaches (2-3 approaches to the plant) lasting 5-10 seconds, directing the movement of the mower from top to bottom, starting from the top of the lupine stem to its base, located above the ground. The permissible mowing height for this type of mowing is 2-7 cm from the soil surface, but the best result is achieved when mowing at a height of 2-3 cm. Several repeated circular movements of the two- or three-bladed propeller leads to twisting and multiple splitting of the plant’s stiff stems together with rhizomes . Subsequently, the rhizome of such a plant, like the plant itself, completely dies. Mowing is carried out at a time when the plant has already blossomed, and the stems of its peduncles and old leaves hardened. In the conditions of the Moscow region, this period in time approximately coincides with mid-August.

Thus, the novelty of our method is to propose a method of combating unwanted perennial thickets of lupine in small farms, including a special method of mowing a controlled area using mowers such as a gas trimmer with a two-blade or three-blade metal knife, aimed at plants of a certain maturity stage, which provides multiple splitting of rhizomes and isolation of buds of renewal, as a result, complete death of the treated plants.

Implementation of the proposed method of dealing with lupine was carried out in the north-west of the Moscow region. In an open meadow, continuous thickets of lupine, mainly consisting of plants of the second to fifth year of life, which were processed by the above method, were selected. The following spring, the site was inspected; single sprouts of lupine plants were found on it; a significant part of the meadow is overgrown with weeds that have closed in previously occupied lupine areas. Given the fact that new lupine seedlings that emerged from seeds are characterized by slow growth in the first year of life and suffer greatly from weeds, from 90 to 100% of lupine plants disappear in the treated area. The tests on a limited area were successful. Our cost method does not exceed previously known methods, but if used correctly, it can completely destroy unwanted lupine thickets in a specific area. Unlike ordinary mowing with lawn mowers and agricultural mowers, when lupine plants are cut once at a low height; while the rhizomes of biennials and perennials remain intact, as do the buds of renewal. And thanks to the deeply penetrating (up to 2 m) root system, lupins can consume moisture and nutrients from those deep subsoil horizons that are inaccessible to the roots of other cultivated plants. In addition, lupine roots have the ability to absorb nutrients from inaccessible mineral compounds of the soil.

Similar foreign and domestic developments on the use of this method of mowing, leading to the complete destruction of lupine on the treated area, are not available.

Thus, the main result of applying this method is a socio-economic and environmental positive effect. On the territories of small enterprises, roadsides, horticultural associations, nature reserves and nature reserves, it became possible to completely destroy unwanted lupine thickets in a highly efficient mechanical way without the use of herbicides hazardous to human and animal health. In addition, the use of our proposed method of destroying lupine thickets will allow for environmentally friendly sowing and production of this crop in agriculture, since it will guarantee the destruction of any unwanted lupine thickets on roadsides and in other territories when the crop leaves the borders of the planned sowing.

Claims (1)

A method of combating lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus), including mowing, characterized in that mowing is carried out with a gas trimmer type gasoline trimmer with a two- or three-blade metal knife and a power of 0.65-0.8 kW, while at least two approaches are made with a duration of each approach to the plant 5-10 seconds, directing the mower from top to bottom, starting from the top of the lupine stem to its base, during the period when the plant has flowered and the stems of its peduncles and old leaves have hardened.