CN216795646U - Crop rhizome digging mechanism and combination thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a crop root digging mechanism and a combination thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery and aiming at the defect that the soil environment of a plough layer is damaged by the existing straw root harvesting treatment mode, the digging mechanism comprises: the drum can apply impact force to the periphery during the advancing process, and the puncturing part is fixed on the peripheral wall of the drum, and the impact force applied to the periphery by the drum provides effective kinetic energy for the puncturing part in soil. The digging mechanism group comprises at least two groups of digging mechanisms which are arranged in parallel, each digging mechanism is respectively connected with the public connecting device in a combined mode through a mounting support arm, and each digging mechanism can independently swing according to the ground height to realize ground profiling follow-up. The utility model is the most economic straw root digging and recovering mode in the prior art, has simple structure and convenient operation, and can not damage the soil environment of the plough layer.

Description

Crop rhizome digging mechanism and combination thereof

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a crop rhizome digging mechanism, a crop rhizome digging combination and a crop rhizome digging method.

Background art:

straw is a generic term for the stem and leaf (ear) part of a mature crop, usually referring to the remainder of wheat, rice, corn, sugar cane and other crops (usually coarse grain) after harvesting the seed. How to scientifically and effectively harvest and treat the straws is always a big problem which troubles the agricultural development. At present, most of straws are treated by rotary tillage in China, but the rotary tillage depth of the existing rotary cultivator is generally not more than 20 cm when the rotary tillage treatment is carried out, a relatively hard plough bottom layer is formed under the plough layer of the soil through continuous multi-year rotary tillage treatment, the soil hardness is not beneficial to deep pricking of crop roots, and as the plough layer is shallower and shallower, the water and fertilizer retention performance and the drought and waterlogging resistance of the soil are reduced, and the aim of stable yield and high yield cannot be achieved. In order to solve the defects brought by rotary tillage treatment, the method comprises the steps of smashing straws, deeply ploughing and returning the straws to the field, breaking a plough bottom layer through deep ploughing, stretching crop roots, fully absorbing nutrients of a lower layer, turning the straws to the lower layer by utilizing deep ploughing, decomposing the straws as soon as possible, and providing nutrition for the growth of crops, wherein the problems of the deep ploughing and returning of the straws still exist: firstly, the depth of deep ploughing needs to reach about 40 cm, but the thickness of the black soil layer is reduced to 20-30 cm from 60-70 cm in the 50 th ages in the past, and the black soil layer is continuously degraded, namely the thickness of the black soil layer is less than 30 cm, and the yellow soil layer is exposed by deep ploughing; secondly, from the perspective of agricultural production, as no fallow system exists after straw is returned to the field, the current season crop immediately starts to be sown after cultivation, and the undegraded straw is buried in the cultivated land, so that the cultivated land has too high air permeability, water and fertilizer leakage, and can not maintain soil moisture, and the germination and growth of crops are influenced; thirdly, when the straws are returned to the field, the weeds and the seeds are buried in the farmland together, the herbicide cannot exert the drug effect due to the obstruction of the straws, but at the moment, the weeds grow together with the crops, and the trouble is caused to weeding; fourthly, when the straws are returned to the field, the worm eggs and the larvae are buried in the farmland together with the straws to pass the winter, the straws form natural cotton quilts, the worm eggs and the larvae can pass the winter to be safe, the underground insecticide (such as diazinon) can not play a role in killing the worm eggs and the larvae, and the straws are returned to the field to directly bury the sick plants in the farmland, so that the farmland germ base number is higher, and diseases are more easily outbreaked.

In order to protect soil structures, no-tillage seeding operation technology has been gradually popularized in recent years, no-tillage seeding is seeding operation such as stubble breaking, ditching, fertilizing, seeding, earthing, and pressing performed at one time by a special no-tillage seeding machine directly on an uncultivated farmland or on a farmland processed by straw portion separation fields, straw crushing and the like, under the condition of large straw residue, in order to reduce the blockage of straws and stubble on machines, operations before seeding are often performed by a straw crusher, a disc harrow, a subsoiler, a shallow tillage weeder and the like, and chemical weeding and pest control are performed in time after no-tillage seeding operation. The no-tillage planting technology does save the cost of land preparation, but the no-tillage planting technology cannot achieve the ideal purpose of increasing yield. Because the surface root quantity of the corn is large, the main root is developed, the corn root system and the soil consolidation capability are strong, the soil is improved only through the deep scarification operation of the no-tillage seeding technology, the effect of integrally turning the internal and external soil in the large-plough plowed land can not be achieved, the gaps among soil particles can not be increased, the growth of the root system of the underground part can be influenced due to the deterioration of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the growth condition of the corn root system can be restrained to a certain degree, and the growth condition of the overground part can be directly influenced. Therefore, no method for effectively treating the root systems of the straws exists so far, and meanwhile, the soil environment of the plough layer can be effectively protected, so that a good growth environment is provided for later sowing.

The utility model content is as follows:

the utility model provides a crop rhizome digging mechanism, a combination thereof and a digging method, aiming at overcoming the defect that the prior straw root harvesting treatment mode damages the plough layer soil environment.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: a crop rhizome digging mechanism comprises: a drum capable of applying an impact force to an outer circumference during traveling; and the puncturing part is fixed on the peripheral wall of the roller, and the impact force applied to the periphery by the roller provides effective kinetic energy for the puncturing part in the soil.

Preferably, the impact force of the drum is derived from a vibration exciting mechanism provided inside the drum.

Preferably, the roller is in a ring shape, the excitation mechanism is located in the ring shape, and the excitation mechanism comprises an excitation chamber shell fixed in the roller, and the excitation chamber shell and the roller are coaxially arranged and used for forming an excitation chamber in the roller; the eccentric block is rotatably arranged in the excitation chamber shell and generates centrifugal force by circular motion of the eccentric block; and the rotating shaft is used for driving the eccentric block to rotate synchronously with the eccentric block.

Preferably, the impact force of the drum is generated by gravitational potential energy of the drum during travel.

Preferably, the outer contour of the drum is composed of a polygon.

Preferably, the puncture part is needle-shaped or plate-shaped as a whole.

Preferably, a comb tooth mechanism for separating attachments on the puncturing parts is further arranged above the roller and comprises a comb tooth seat and a plurality of comb tooth bars horizontally fixed on the comb tooth seat, the free end of each comb tooth bar is always arranged between two adjacent puncturing parts, and the free ends of the comb tooth bars are lapped on the outer wall of the roller.

The digging mechanism group formed by the crop rhizome digging mechanisms comprises at least two groups of digging mechanisms arranged in parallel, each digging mechanism is connected with a public connecting device in a combined mode through a mounting support arm, and each digging mechanism can independently swing according to the ground height to achieve ground profiling follow-up.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that:

1. the puncture portion that sets up on the cylinder outer wall utilizes the cylinder to advance the impact force that the in-process was applyed to the periphery at the operation, and the degree of depth when making puncture portion pierce plough layer soil is darker, more powerful when stirring soil, dig the effect of root unearthing better, through above-mentioned a system action, realizes the function of loosening the soil to soil, also takes out and takes off ground simultaneously the straw root system that is located in soil synchronously, plays the effect of digging the root.

2. The utility model realizes the profile contact with the ground by a plurality of parallel digging and taking mechanisms which independently swing, so that the utility model is not only suitable for flat ground operation, but also suitable for ridge culture areas, and effectively improves the application range of equipment.

3. The structure designed by the utility model is the most economic straw root digging and recovering mode in the prior art, and due to the adoption of low-speed operation, the dust raising condition can be effectively reduced, and the damage of the prior straw root smashing and returning treatment mode to the soil environment of the plough layer can be avoided. Meanwhile, the low-speed operation also reduces the wear rate of the working parts, prolongs the service life of the working parts, saves the farming cost and has the characteristics of simple structure and convenient operation.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the inner structure of the drum in embodiment 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the outer shape of the drum in embodiment 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the movement of the drum on a flat ground in embodiment 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a structure of another shape of a puncturing part in embodiment 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a baffle plate in example 5;

wherein: 1 roller, 2 puncture parts, 3 excitation mechanisms, 31 a laser chamber shell, 32 eccentric blocks, 33 rotating shafts, 34 supporting bearing seats, 4 motors, 5 comb tooth mechanisms, 51 comb tooth seats, 52 comb tooth racks, 53 upper limiting blocks, 54 lower limiting blocks, 6 mounting arms, 7 common connecting devices and 8 baffle plates.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

as shown in figure 1, the utility model relates to a crop rhizome digging mechanism, which mainly aims to loosen and break soil by stirring soil and dig out the root systems of the residual straws after harvesting seeds from the soil.

The digging and taking mechanism comprises a roller 1, a plurality of puncturing parts 2 and a comb tooth mechanism 5, wherein the puncturing parts 2 are uniformly and vertically fixed on the outer wall of the roller 1. In the in-process of marcing, cylinder 1 can be to the peripheral impact force of exerting, under the effect of impact force, for the motion of loosening the soil that is in puncture portion 2 in soil provides kinetic energy, makes puncture portion 2 insert the dynamics of soil stronger, and the degree of depth that pierces ground is darker, and more strength when stirring soil, puncture portion 2 when realizing loosening the soil the effect, also takes out the straw root system from soil in to take it off ground.

Example 1

The impact force of the drum 1 is derived from a vibration exciting mechanism 3 provided inside the drum 1.

As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the drum 1 is ring-shaped, the excitation mechanism 3 is disposed inside the drum 1, and the excitation mechanism 3 includes an excitation chamber housing 31, an eccentric block 32, a rotating shaft 33, and a supporting bearing seat 34.

The excitation chamber shell 31 is fixed on the roller 1 through a connecting plate perpendicular to the inner wall of the roller 1, and the excitation chamber shell 31 is coaxially arranged with the roller 1 and is used for forming an excitation chamber in the roller 1. The eccentric block 32 is rotatably mounted in the excitation chamber housing 31 through a rotating shaft 33, the rotating shaft 33 penetrates through the eccentric block 32, one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the excitation chamber housing 31 through a bearing, the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of the motor 4 mounted on the outer side of a supporting bearing seat 34, the supporting bearing seats 34 are mounted on two sides of the drum 1, the supporting bearing seats 34 face the inner side of the excitation mechanism 3 and are rotatably connected with the drum 1 through bearings, the outer side of the supporting bearing seats 34 is fixedly connected with the mounting arm 6, and the motor 4 is mounted on the outer side of one of the supporting bearing seats 34. The motor 4 drives the eccentric mass 32 to perform a circular motion via the rotating shaft 33, and the eccentric mass 32 generates a centrifugal force during rotation, which provides kinetic energy to the puncturing part 2.

Example 2

The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the impact force of the drum 1 in the embodiment 2 is derived from the gravitational potential energy generated by the shape of the drum 1 during the traveling, and the outer contour of the drum 1 is composed of polygons.

In order to optimize the gravitational potential energy during the operation traveling, the outer contour of the roller 1 may be a regular polygon, such as a regular triangle, a regular quadrangle, a regular pentagon, etc., and when the number of the selected sides of the outer contour of the roller 1 is larger, the rotational resistance of the roller 1 during the traveling is smaller, and the potential energy is also the smallest, so that the outer contour is preferably a regular triangle.

In order to optimize the rotation resistance when the operation is performed, the outer contour of the roller 1 can be a reuleaux polygon, such as an arc triangle, an arc pentagon, an arc heptagon and the like, and when the number of the arc sides selected by the outer contour of the roller 1 is less, the gravitational potential energy of the roller 1 during the operation is larger; when the number of the circular arc edges selected from the outer contour of the roller 1 is more, the resistance of the roller 1 in the process of running is smaller. According to the characteristics, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the embodiment takes the drum 1 with the contour of a circular arc trilateral (i.e., a reulox triangle) as a preferred scheme, and is described by taking the preferred scheme as an example, because the gravitational potential energy of the object is determined by the gravitational potential of the earth to the object and the relative positions of the earth and the object on the ground, the larger the mass of the object, the higher the position, and the larger the work capacity. Since the mass of the drum 1 is fixed, the gravitational potential energy generated by the drum 1 is the greatest when the apex of the circular triangle is at the highest. In order to facilitate understanding of how the circular-arc triangular drum 1 operates, the rotation locus of the drum 1 on a flat ground is illustrated in fig. 4.

Example 3

In addition to embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, the present embodiment further optimizes the structure of the puncturing part 2.

In order to facilitate the penetration of the puncturing part 2 into the soil, the puncturing part 2 has a needle-like or plate-like shape as a whole. As shown in fig. 5, when the puncturing part 2 is formed in a plate shape, the width direction thereof is parallel to the axis of the drum 1, and the wide side of the puncturing part 2 punctures the soil during the movement of the drum 1, so that the stirring effect is more excellent.

Example 4

On the basis of embodiment 3, the present embodiment further optimizes the structure of the comb mechanism 5.

The comb tooth mechanism 5 is used for separating the straws attached to the roller 1 from the roller 1, so that the straw roots can be collected and processed in the later period. For this purpose, the comb mechanism 5 is provided on a mounting arm 6 for pulling the drum 1 to travel, and the comb mechanism 5 is located above the drum 1. The comb teeth mechanism 5 comprises a comb teeth seat 51 and comb teeth strips 52, two sides of the comb teeth seat 51 are hinged on the mounting support arm 6, the comb teeth strips 52 are rod-shaped or plate-shaped and are horizontally arranged at intervals, and the intervals are coupled with gaps between two adjacent puncture parts 2. One end of each comb rack 52 is fixed on one side of the comb tooth seat 51 close to the roller 1, the other end of each comb rack 52 is a free end, the free end of each comb rack 52 is located between two adjacent puncturing parts 2, and the free end is always overlapped or suspended above the outer wall of the roller 1.

As shown in FIG. 4, in order to keep the comb-teeth bar 52 from being influenced by the external contour of the roller 1 and keep the free end of the comb-teeth bar 52 between two adjacent puncturing parts 2 all the time, so as to achieve the purpose of separating the straw from the roller 1, the mounting arm 6 of the embodiment is provided with an upper limiting block 53 and a lower limiting block 54 for limiting the rotation range of the comb-teeth base 51. The upper limiting block 53 and the lower limiting block 54 are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the hinged point of the comb-tooth seat 51 and the mounting support arm 6, and the lower limiting block 54 is arranged below the comb-tooth seat 51 and close to one side of the roller 1; the upper limiting block 53 is arranged above the comb tooth seat 51 and is far away from one side of the roller 1.

Example 5

On the basis of the embodiment 4, the baffle 8 for improving the straw adhesion force is additionally arranged on the outer side of the roller 1.

As shown in fig. 6, the baffle plate 8 is used for improving the adhesion effect of the straws adhered to the roller 1 and the puncturing part 2 so as to facilitate the recovery processing of the straws in the later period. The baffle 8 is arc-shaped, is arranged on the mounting support arm 6 and is positioned on one side of the departure angle of the roller 1, namely, the straw is attached to one side of the roller 1.

Example 6

In order to make the cutting mechanism described in embodiments 1 to 5 changeable with a change in the terrain and to improve the cutting efficiency, the present embodiment combines the cutting mechanisms in the above embodiments to form a cutting mechanism group.

The digging mechanism group comprises at least two groups of digging mechanisms which are arranged in parallel, and each digging mechanism is rotatably arranged on the mounting support arm 6 to realize traction and advance. Each mounting arm 6 is rotatably mounted on a common connecting device 7 of the tractor to realize combined connection. The common connection means 7 comprises a connecting rod, the two ends of which are mounted on the tractor. When the tractor moves forwards, each group of digging and taking mechanism moves forwards at the same speed as the tractor, and can independently swing according to different ground heights, so that the purpose of ground profiling follow-up is achieved.

Example 7

The present embodiment describes a specific use process of the device in the above embodiment.

The specific process of digging by using the digging mechanism (group) is as follows:

first, the digging mechanism is attached to the tractor through the common connecting device 7 to perform the hauling operation. In the process of the travel of the tractor, the digging mechanism and the traction wheel advance at the same speed, and at the moment, the linear speed of the roller 1 is the same as the ground speed or the travel speed, namely the linear speed of the roller 1 is the same as the travel speed of the traction wheel. Under the low-speed operation condition, the dust raising condition caused by quickly turning over soil similar to a rotary cultivator can not be generated. In addition, low speed operation minimizes friction between the operating components, thereby extending the useful life of the components and the overall structure.

Secondly, during the travel of the pulling work, the drum 1 exerts an impact force to the outer circumference, which mainly comes from two aspects: one is gravitational potential energy generated by the shape of the roller 1, and the other is high-frequency vibration force generated by the excitation mechanism 3 by utilizing the eccentric block 32 to generate eccentric force. The motor 4 drives the eccentric mass 32 to rotate via the rotating shaft 33, thereby making the eccentric mass 32 perform periodic circular motion. As shown in fig. 2, when the vibration direction is downward, the vibration force drives the drum 1 to move downward, and the gravitational potential energy of the drum 1 is increased, so that the puncturing part 2 located at the lower part of the drum 1 is easier to puncture the deep soil; when the vibration direction is upward, the vibration force drives the roller 1 to move upward, so that the puncture part 2 punctured into the soil is easier to pull out from the soil; when the vibration direction acts on the two sides, the vibration force drives the roller 1 to move leftwards or rightwards, and further drives the puncture part 2 to stir in the soil, so that the soil is loosened. Through the cooperation of the vibration force, the puncture part 2 realizes a series of periodic actions of puncturing, stirring, deepening and pulling out in the soil, the effects of loosening the soil, crushing the soil and digging the soil of the puncture part 2 are better realized, and the straw root system is more convenient to dig out. In addition, through periodic up-and-down vibration, hardened soil is easier to loosen by the puncture part 2, the air permeability of the soil is improved, and the soil moisture content is kept.

Then, the straw root system brought out of the soil along with the puncturing part 2 is attached to the roller 1 and is brought away from the ground, and when the straw root system moving to the upper part of the roller 1 is discharged from the roller 1 under the action of the comb tooth mechanism 51.

Finally, the digging mechanism is arranged on the common connecting device 7, if a plurality of digging mechanisms are arranged on the tractor, each digging mechanism can realize the functions, and meanwhile, the whole digging mechanism can independently swing according to the height of the ground in the process of operation advancing, so that the ground profiling follow-up effect can be realized.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and these embodiments are based on different implementations of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A crop rhizome digging mechanism is characterized by comprising:

a drum capable of applying an impact force to an outer circumference during traveling;

a puncturing part fixed on the peripheral wall of the roller,

the impact force applied to the outer periphery by the roller provides effective kinetic energy for the puncturing part in the soil.

2. The crop rootstock extracting mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the impact force of the roller is from a vibration excitation mechanism arranged in the roller.

3. The crop rhizome extracting mechanism of claim 2, wherein: the roller is in a ring shape, the vibration excitation mechanism is positioned in the ring shape and comprises a roller body,

the excitation chamber shell is fixed in the roller, is coaxially arranged with the roller and is used for forming an excitation chamber in the roller;

the eccentric block is rotatably arranged in the excitation chamber shell and generates centrifugal force by circular motion of the eccentric block;

and the rotating shaft drives the eccentric block to rotate through the rotating shaft by a motor.

4. The crop rhizome extracting mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the impact force of the roller is generated by the gravitational potential energy of the roller in the process of traveling.

5. The crop rhizome extracting mechanism of claim 4, wherein: the outer contour of the drum is formed by a polygon.

6. The crop rootstock extracting mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the whole puncture part is needle-shaped or plate-shaped.

7. The crop rhizome extracting mechanism of claim 6, wherein: the comb tooth mechanism is arranged above the roller and used for separating attachments on the puncturing parts, the comb tooth mechanism comprises a comb tooth seat and a plurality of comb tooth bars horizontally fixed on the comb tooth seat, the free end of each comb tooth bar is always arranged between two adjacent puncturing parts, and the free ends of the comb tooth bars are lapped on the outer wall of the roller.

8. A digging mechanism group is characterized in that: the machine comprises at least two crop rhizome digging mechanisms according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein each digging mechanism is arranged in parallel, each digging mechanism is connected with a common connecting device in a combined mode through a mounting arm, and each digging mechanism can independently swing according to the ground height to achieve ground profiling follow-up.

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