RU2102150C1 - Mobile benefication unit with continuous outcome of concentrate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: this is used for benefication of minerals in processing of samples from placer deposits with accompanying extraction of minerals. Mobile benefication unit has frame, charging device, receiving hopper with gate valve, screen, at least two centrifugal separators, at least two sluices, impeller-type disintegrator. Unit is also provided with bar screen installed on receiving hopper, classification device and device for mixing water and sand made in the form of sliding tube with nozzles of pressure-operated sprayers, sluice with sump for catching large and heavy pieces of minerals from overscreen product. Sluices are made with continuous outcome of concentrate and connected by transportation facility with centrifugal apparatus through classification device. EFFECT: high efficiency. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of mineral processing and geological exploration, mainly for the processing of large-bulk samples of placer deposits with associated mining.

 Known mobile concentration plant for processing placer samples (AS USSR N 1210291), taken as a prototype, including a loading device with a skip hoist with buckets located in the carriages, a hopper, a drum screen, the main and control centrifugal separators, self-catching and epilean locks, the installation is equipped with an impeller disintegrator with a slide device for the release of sludge fractions located between the loading device and the drum screen, while the loading device the assembly is made with segmented guides for the skip hoist bucket carriage, the drum screen is made with spiral jack blades on the inner surface and ring slots, and the loading device and the skip hoist are mounted on a common frame.

 This installation has the following disadvantages. Due to the small size of the buckets of the loading device, the supply of material of all sizes for testing and processing is not ensured, which limits the upper size of the initial sample and requires preliminary classification of the processed mining raw materials. The use of a loading device with a skip hoist is characterized by low mechanical reliability, which causes fairly long installation downtimes, which is complicated by the use of traction chains, which often fail in the field. When processing sand of a very abrasive material, there is an increased hydroabrasive wear of the roller bearings of the buckets, the surfaces of the segment guides, which causes frequent jamming of the buckets, hence the high dynamic loads on the structural elements and the drive of the loading device. The use of a drum screen requires an increase in the height of the installation and the use of a skip hoist.

 By design and principle of operation, self-catching locks are designed to catch only large gold with low recovery of medium-sized particles and are not at all adapted to catch small and especially thin gold.

 Electric centrifugal separators can be used to extract a valuable component from the starting sands. However, this is economically disadvantageous, as it requires energy costs. Additionally, in the specific case, all the water that is supplied for effective washing is supplied to these devices, and this large dilution sharply reduces the efficiency of collecting fine and fine gold.

 Managing the operation of all engines, devices and working bodies of the installation is difficult and impossible from one workstation or remote control, since it is necessary to constantly monitor and adjust each device and equipment on site.

 The work of self-trapping and epilinear locks is periodic, requiring rinsing and updating of the catching surfaces after each stage of processing the rock mass, which is associated with the inevitable loss of some minerals and gold.

 In general, the well-known mobile enrichment plant, even with high quality workmanship, is characterized by insufficient productivity, low work efficiency, increased laboriousness of processing especially difficult metal-containing samples, low mechanical and technological reliability, high electricity consumption and does not allow for the associated production of useful sand components.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of the analysis of samples by increasing the extraction of all sizes of grains and particles of valuable components and gold from processed sands, increasing the productivity and efficiency of the installation and the possibility of associated mining with a decrease in the complexity of processing mining raw materials.

 The task is achieved in that a mobile concentrator with a continuous output of concentrate, including a frame, a loading device, a receiving hopper with a gate, a screen, two centrifugal separators, two locks, an impeller disintegrator, according to the invention is equipped with a grate screen installed on the receiving hopper, a classifying device and a device for mixing water with sand, which is a slope pipe with nozzles for pressure irrigators, a sub-gateway for collecting large heavy minerals from over-sieve product of a screen made with a pallet, while the locks are made with a continuous output of concentrate and are connected by a vehicle through a classifier to centrifugal apparatuses.

 A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the prototype shows the presence in it of significant features that distinguish it from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

 The conformity of the claimed device to the requirement of an inventive step is due to the fact that the construction using distinctive features in combination with known elements virtually eliminates the entrainment of a small and finely-sized useful component by maintaining the flow structure formed on a screen with a tray and locks with a continuous output of concentrate, this, having a sufficiently high productivity, has no limitation of the upper fineness of samples, allows you to continuously process mass and extract valuable minerals of all size classes, characterized by low energy consumption, high mechanical and technological reliability, provides the possibility of coarse sampling with associated extraction of all useful components, thereby increasing the efficiency of extraction of all grain sizes and the reliability of sample analysis, increasing productivity and possible associated mining, which clearly does not follow from the known.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a mobile concentrator with a continuous output of concentrate, and in FIG. 2 it is shown in plan.

 A mobile concentrator with a continuous output of concentrate includes a sled frame 1, on which a grate screen 2 is placed, resting on a slope pipe 3, mounted on a receiving hopper 4, a screen with a pallet 5, sub-locks 6, locks with a continuous output of concentrate 7, classifier 8 , screw devices 9 and 10, a conveying device, for example, a hydraulic elevator 11 or a sand centrifugal pump.

 The fixed grate screen 2 is gable. Grid-irons are metal beams of elongated trapezoidal section. The top part of the grate rests on the sloping axis of the pipe 3, which has two functions: it is a support part and serves as a sand sprinkler, for which purpose nozzles of pressure sprinklers are made between the grate in the wall of the axis of the pipe 3.

 The grate screen 2 is mounted and mounted on the corner frame by the support frame, the latter being attached to the upper belt of the sides of the hopper 4.

 The hopper 4 is a pyramidal welded structure. The bottom inclined plate is lined with a steel sheet. In the vertical wall of the hopper 4, a discharge window is provided, equipped with a gate with two combs of the adjusting device. The unloading device includes a mechanical manual adjusting device, consisting of a shaft-axis of the lifting mechanism with two gears coming into contact with the combs of the slide plate. The shaft-axis of the lifting device of the adjusting mechanism rests on two bearings equipped with cap grease fittings. The bearing housings are bolted to the vertical plate of the hopper 4. The shaft-axis of the lifting device is equipped on both sides with handwheels for manual rotation of the axis. The loading hopper 4 on both sides is equipped with grooves 12 for transporting boulder-pebble material to the dump. An impeller disintegrator 13, which consists of a drive and impeller heads, is mounted on the inclined bottom of the hopper 4.

 The hopper 4 with a grate roar 2 and two grooves 12 is installed using channels on the frame-sled 1 installation.

 An eccentric pushing device electric motor 5. Mounted on both sides of the motor shaft on both sides are eccentric pushing devices equipped with bearings in closed boxes rigidly connected to rods ending with articulated mountings to the screening box 5. The pivoting screen 5 includes a box with a screening element installed in it in the form of a snap-grid or a set of flat grid-irons of a trapezoidal section, a pallet with discharge nozzles for I collect and direct the movement of the under-sieve product, an electric motor with a double-sided shaft output, on which eccentrics are mounted, connected by rods to the screen box 5. Screen box 5 is supported by four rollers mounted and moving with slots (double flanges) along the ends of the shelves of the angular guides. These guides are rigidly attached to the foundation frame of the sled 1. In the direction of these corners, flat-oscillating reciprocating vibrations of the screen 5 with the pallet are carried out.

 To direct the movement of the oversize product of the flat-screening screen 5, a groove 6a is installed. The sub-gateway 6 for collecting large heavy minerals and gold from the over-screening product of the screen 5 is a fine-filled gateway with a trapping coating of a wavy profile or with a traditional set of stencils and rubber mats.

 Sluices 7 with a continuous output of concentrate (2, 3) are designed to provide a real opportunity to extract fine and fine grains of heavy minerals and gold during the processing of sands and placers. A distinctive feature of these locks is the lack of trapping coatings and stencils. Gateways have the ability to form a flow, reduce its turbulence, translate the nature of the movement of the pulp in the region of the regime close to laminar. At the same time, the configuration of the bottom enhances the desire of heavy grains to concentrate and move in a separate flow, which ultimately allows the heavy fraction to be removed from the pulp stream using a cutter at the end of the airlock. Additionally, a flow divider introduced into the gateway allows you to dump excess water from the gateway when it pulsates in the process. The latter excludes the influence of fluctuations in pulp dilution on the results of enrichment of metal-bearing sands. The gateway with a continuous output of concentrate 7 automatically maintains the optimal amount of dilution of the pulp flow, which greatly simplifies the adjustment and tuning of the gateway.

 The gateway for the enrichment of placers 7 (with continuous output of concentrate) consists of a bottom made of two planes placed to each other at an angle in cross section. The sides are installed along the longitudinal edges of the bottom, and the gateway is limited by a transom plate from the power end. Along the longitudinal axis of the lock, vertically located and parallel to each other and the bottom of the plate are installed with a gap between the lower edges of the plates and the bottom of the lock. The plates are installed at a distance of 1/3 of the bottom length from the tail and are fixed on the flow guides and on the rod. The lower part of the bottom of the locks 7 is connected with the support frame by support posts. In the rear of the gateway 7 is installed a flow divider. A heavy cut-off device is mounted from the end of the central tail.

 The concentrate (heavy fraction) of the locks 7 by a conveying device 11, for example, a hydraulic elevator or a centrifugal pump, is sent to the receiving device 14 of the classification device 8, for example, a screen.

 Centrifugal apparatuses, for example, a screw separator 9 and a screw lock 10, are provided for cleaning separately over-sieve and under-sieve products of the classification device 8. For collecting concentrates of screw devices 9 and 10, there are containers (mugs) 15 and 16, with which the concentrates are transported to the concentrator installation for their refinement.

 Rama-sled 1 consists of at least two runners made of pipes. The runners are interconnected by a foundation frame on which the equipment of the concentration plant is mounted.

 Mobile concentration plant with a continuous output of concentrate works as follows.

 The bulldozer attached to the mobile unit prepares the beginning of the trench in the placers, where the concentrator is transported. After that, the bulldozer smooths the surface of the dumped tailings, unloading them and periodically moves the processing plant.

 An Belarus-type excavator feeds sand to the grate of a plant 2 plants with a frequency of 1–2 bucket in three minutes. The excavator throws the largest boulders to the landfill.

 Boulder-pebble material of sand, sliding along the grid-irons of the screen 2 and further along the gutters 12, is sent to the dump.

 The under-grid product of the grate screen 2, falling into the receiving hopper 4, is directly exposed to jets of water flowing out of the holes (nozzles) of the sliding support axis-pipe 3, where this water is fed through the nozzle by a water centrifugal pump. Here, in the hopper 4, the initial sands are disintegrated by the impeller disintegrator 13. When processing easily washed sand, the impeller disintegrator 13 is disabled, the impeller heads are stationary, the hopper 4 is used as an intermediate tank.

 The initial sands, washed out in the receiving hopper 4, flow out through the discharge gate opening and enter the flat-screening screen 5 with a pallet. Having walked along the sieve of the screen 5, the sands are divided into two products by size: over-sieve and under-sieve.

 Oversize product is either discharged into the dump in the absence of coarse gold in the sands (for example, during processing of man-made placers), or is fed by trench 6a to sub-locks 6 to catch coarse gold, if it is in the sands.

 The flat-screening screen 5 is equipped with a flat pallet with sub-sizing product quantitatively divided in half and allows the sub-sieve product to be fed through two discharge sockets to two locks with a continuous output of concentrate 7.

 Gold-containing sands with water (pulp) are fed into the upper receiving part of the gateway 7 normally to the bottom in its axial part. To prevent overflow of pulp through the sides, their height exceeds the height of the edges of the flow guides, while a small amount of pulp overflows through the upper edges of the flow guides and enters the bottom of the gateway 7. With the flow guides, the main part of the pulp is introduced on the bottom between two symmetrically located plates. The concentrated flow partially passes under the lower edges of the plates, forming a transverse wave, which is reflected by the sides. The central axial flow significantly weakens the lateral movement of the pulp and after the formation of a second transverse wave of lower amplitude, the flow at the airlock acquires a rectilinear movement close to laminar. Outside the plates there is no need to set high sides. Along the straightened formed flow, a heavy fraction is deposited in the lower layers and at the discharge end of the airlock 7, the heavy fraction, as the enriched part of the flow, is cut off by the upper cut-off plate. Next, the concentrate is supplied for further processing. The tailings of the locks 7 are dumped into the dump.

 The cut-off heavy fraction of the locks 7 (concentrate) by means of the vehicle 11 is fed to the receiving device 14 of the screen 8. At the screen 8, the heavy fraction is divided by size into sieve and under-sieve products. The over-sieve product of the screen 8 is fed to a screw separator 9 for cleaning and the under-sieve product is sent to a screw lock 10. On the screw devices 9 and 10, the lock concentrate is cleaned 7. The screw device concentrates are accumulated in portable containers 15 and 16. The tailings of the screw devices are dumped into the dump.

 The resulting black concentrate (screw concentrate), as it accumulates in tanks 15 and 16, is transported for final refinement to the concentrate treatment plants or subjected to on-site refinement.

 The operation of all engines of the working bodies of the plant is controlled, and the water supply to all technological devices is regulated from the operator’s workplace. For direct intervention in the operation of the equipment of the installation, if necessary, manual adjustment and monitoring of the technological process of washing the sands and the extraction of valuable components on both sides of the installation are provided with hinged sides that serve as service platforms during operation and are lifted during transportation of the installation.

 Tests of the inventive mobile enrichment plant with continuous output of concentrate confirmed its significant advantages compared to the prototype: increased productivity, reduced laboriousness of processing all types of sand, ensured complex processing of alluvial material, ensured greater reliability of processing samples, reduced metal consumption of the installation and energy consumption, increased mechanical and technological reliability, extraction of large and medium-sized gold and heavy minerals left 100% fine and 96% fine gold and 94 to 90% at the lower boundary of trapped gold particle size up to 30 microns.

 When large-scale testing of mining raw materials of placer deposits, in addition to solving purely geological problems, it is necessary to resolve issues related to the processing and enrichment of metal-bearing sands.

 Alluvial deposits, being less powerful and less durable than the primary deposits of ore gold, do not provide the opportunity to mechanize the extraction and processing of gold-bearing material to the same extent, and therefore lead to lower technical forms and less efficient use of capital investments. To reduce the effects of these negative aspects inherent in placer deposits, the quality and reliability of testing of metal-bearing sands should be improved.

 Testing is the most important operation in the cycle of prospecting, geological and mining operations, because information about the material composition of the tested object is used to solve the problem of the direction of work, to determine the degree of industrial significance of the field or the value of the extracted and processed raw materials. When calculating the reserves of a valuable component (gold or other valuable minerals) and evaluating a deposit, the most frequent and decisive errors are those resulting from defects and sampling errors. Methods of coarse-grained testing, and even more so with the associated extraction of valuable components, sharply reduce the errors of testing with a set of statistical data on the ever-accumulating material of industrial research and field studies.

 The product of gross testing is the obtained concentrates, in which all the heavy minerals of sand are concentrated. Schlichs are otherwise called the heavy enrichment fraction.

 Fulfillment of work with large-scale testing nevertheless requires relatively large financial costs, which can be much less, or, conversely, the performance of work with large-scale testing can be profitable when organizing the extraction of valuable minerals from the studied placers. In this direction, the use of a mobile concentration plant with continuous withdrawal of concentrate can be invaluable. The data obtained during large-scale testing with the associated extraction of minerals will allow for a detailed and comprehensive study of the field, and along with the raw materials extracted during sale, it can cover all costs and provide financial support for subsequent surveys.

Claims (1)

 A mobile concentrator with a continuous output of concentrate, including a frame, a loading device, a receiving hopper with a gate, a screen, at least two centrifugal separators, at least two locks, an impeller disintegrator, characterized in that it is equipped with a grate mounted on the receiving hopper , a classifying device and a device for mixing water with sand, which is a slope pipe with nozzles for pressure sprinklers, a sub-gateway for capturing large heavy minerals from a notch etnogo screen product made with the pallet, wherein the gateways are made with continuous withdrawal of concentrate and vehicle are connected through the classifying device with centrifugal apparatus.

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