RU2080933C1 - Cleansing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: neutral minerals benefication, production of apparatuses for noble metals extraction from placers. SUBSTANCE: industrial apparatus has block of sands preparation and transportation, block of large fraction gold and nuggets of gold trapping, block of small size fraction gold and fine gold trapping and block of over lattice product valuable component trapping. In the case, block of sands preparation and transportation has loading bunker, hydraulic buddle, hydraulic elevator with pulp pipeline. Block of large fraction gold and nuggets of gold trapping has sluice of deep filling. Block of small size fraction gold and fine gold fraction trapping has sizing screen with tray, V-shaped sluice for placer sands benefication, gravitational centrifugal apparatus, for example, screw-type separator, concentrating table. Block of valuable component trapping is made in the form of chute with V-shaped bottom, at the end of axial part of which there is widening slot for concentrate discharge. EFFECT: increased effectiveness of process. 2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the enrichment of minerals, in particular to apparatus for the extraction of precious metals from placers, and can be used to extract heavy valuable minerals.

 Hydro-elevator type flushing devices are known, such as PGSH and PHB.

 The washing device ПГШ consists of a loading hopper, a hydraulic elevator, a slurry line, a hydraulic puller, a deep filling gateway, which allows processing rock mass with a particle size of up to 150 mm at high speeds of the pulp / 1 /. The deep filling gate for catching gold is equipped with metal stencils and rubber mats. The pump unit through a crosspiece provides a water supply separately to the hydraulic elevator and hydraulic monitor.

 Flushing device PGSh works as follows.

 The rock mass (sands, pebbles and boulder material) is fed with a bulldozer to the receiving grate, where it is separated by a jet of a hydraulic monitor into an oversize boulder and gravel product, which is removed through a hydraulic dam to the dump, and to an undergrate pulp containing gold. The pulp enters the hopper, from which, due to the vacuum created by the hydraulic elevator, it is sucked into the receiving chamber and transported via a pulp line to a deep filling gateway, through which it flows by gravity. During this movement, the heavy fraction of sand and gold are deposited on the bottom of the airlock and held (caught) by a combination of rubber mats and stencils, and the empty light rock (tails) is dumped into the dump. The removal of gold-containing concentrate from the deep filling sluice is carried out periodically once a day through the bunker of the airlock attachment, from which the concentrate is stored through a slurry line in a container.

 The main drawback of the PGSh washing device is the increased drift of the valuable component with almost complete loss of fine and finely divided gold due to the high flow rate of the pulp, as well as due to the periodic removal of the valuable component accumulated by the catching surface.

 The washing device ПГБ (drum hydraulic elevator device) contains a loading hopper, a hydraulic elevator with a slurry line, a short head lock of a deep filler, a pebble stacker / 2 /.

 The operation of the PHB flushing device is as follows.

 The rock mass is fed by a hydraulic monitor to a loading hopper, from which it is lifted by a hydraulic elevator through a slurry line into a short head lock of deep filling and then enters a drum screen. The undergrowth rock mass is sent to multisectional locks of small filling, and the overgrowth rock is fed to the dump using a pebble stacker. The PHB device kit includes a hydroelevator epheleral unit designed for cleaning tails from draining small-sized floodgates.

 The disadvantages of the PHB device include increased drift of fine and finely divided gold, increased energy intensity, difficulty in cleaning the oversize rock mass from the hopper, pumping large fractions that are more expedient to discard on the hopper, and the use of a hydraulic monitor for cleaning the oversize rock mass. At the same time, after the floodgates of small filling, the installation of any gravitational equipment / 2 / is not provided for at the PHB industrial device.

 Flushing device PHB is the closest to the proposed and selected as a prototype.

 In the prototype, a drum screen with a pallet is a sieve that acts as a rigid boundary dividing the entire mineral dispersed feed mass into two size classes. Separation occurs exclusively on the surface of the sieve. The grain size is smaller than the sieve holes and all process water (liquid phase) goes under the sieve. To ensure the movement of the oversize product, a mechanical rotation force of the drum should be applied to it. On the screen with a pallet, the prototype does not separate the mineral mixture by density, that is, the concentration of heavy valuable minerals does not enrich. Screening of the prototype does not regulate the water regime and does not eliminate the pulsation of the liquid phase. Here, the prototype has the task of screening is only to allocate a large fraction of blurry sand and be sure to apply dehydrated to the pebble stacker.

 Increased liquefaction and especially pulsations of the liquid phase increases the speed and pulsations of the flow velocity of the pulp at the locks, which impairs the capture of fine gold. And due to the design features of the deep and fine filling sluices that operate periodically, the removal of concentrate (rinse) entails additional losses of a valuable component due to the shutdowns and starting (that is, jerking of the enrichment process) of the washing device. Flushing periodically taking concentrate from locks is a very laborious process. For technological reasons, it should be carried out at least after 2 3 hours, which is the time of saturation with a heavy fraction of the catching surface of the lock. But due to the increased complexity in practice, the flushing takes place after 12 or even 24 hours. Consequently, the valuable component is captured for 2 3 hours, and the rest of the time the valuable mineral of all sizes is lost and dumped into the dump.

 The objective of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks, namely, providing the possibility of increasing the extraction of a valuable component of small classes of fineness both in the development of placer deposits and in the processing of ephelic fractions and man-made dumps by creating a continuous output of the concentrate and the use of perfect gravity-centrifugal concentrators.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that a flushing hydro-elevator device with continuous output of concentrate (PGNVK), which includes sequentially installed block for preparing and transporting sand, contains a loading hopper, a hydraulic hopper, a hydraulic elevator with a slurry line, a large gold recovery unit containing a short deep filling lock, a trapping unit fine gold containing a screen with a pallet, locks installed under the screen, according to the invention is equipped with a valuable component recovery unit from a sieve product of a screen made in the form of gutters with a V-shaped bottom, at the end of the axial part of which an expanding slit is made for the output of concentrate, and in the enrichment blocks of the sub-sieve product, gravity devices are made in the form of locks with a V-shaped bottom and centrifugal devices, and after gravity-centrifugal apparatus installed a concentration table.

 The compliance of the invention with the requirement of the criterion of "novelty" is due to the fact that the totality of its essential features is not identical to the essential features of the prototype.

 The compliance of the invention with the requirement of the criterion of "inventive step" is due to the fact that the combination of its distinctive features, that is, the introduction of two blocks for collecting fine and finely dispersed gold, provides an increase in the extraction of a valuable component by 15 20%. The technical solution used to achieve the task is not obvious and obvious way does not follow from the prior art.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a washing device; in FIG. 2 same, top view; in FIG. 3 block capture of a valuable component with gutters with a V-shaped bottom; in FIG. 4, section AA in FIG. 3; in FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 3; in FIG. 6 V-shaped gateway for enrichment of placers.

 The washing device ПГНВК includes a unit 1 for preparing and transporting sand, a unit 2 for collecting large gold and nuggets, a unit 3 for collecting fine and finely divided gold, and a unit 4 for collecting a valuable component from a sieve product.

 In this case, block 1 is intended for separation of the enriched material into fractions, partial disintegration, erosion, and classification of sands. Block 1 consists of a hydraulic monitor 5, a loading hopper 6, a hydraulic wash 7, a hydraulic elevator 8 with a slurry line. Block 1 through a hydraulic elevator 8 with a slurry line is connected to block 2.

 Block 2 is designed to capture large gold and nuggets and consists of a short lock 9 deep filling. Gateway 9 is directly connected to block 3.

 Block 3 is designed to capture fine and finely dispersed gold and consists of a screen 10 with a pallet for feeding the sublattice product to two V-shaped locks 11 for enrichment of placers made according to RF patents NN 1019716 and 1094183.

 Gateway 11 consists of a bottom 12 made of two planes placed at an angle to each other. Along the longitudinal axis of the lock 11 are installed vertically arranged and parallel to each other plate 13. In the rear of the bottom 12 is installed a flow divider 14. At the end of the gateway 11, a cutter 15 is located, the cutting edge of which corresponds to the concentration of a valuable component on the V-shaped bottom 12. Under the gateway 11, a gravity-centrifugal apparatus is installed, for example, a screw separator 16, the concentrate of which flows by gravity to the concentrated table 17.

 Block 3 is directly connected to a block 4 made of grooves 18 having a V-shaped bottom 19. At the end of the axial part of the bottoms 19 there is a device 20 for withdrawing the concentrate, having the form of an expanding gap. A pipe 21 is mounted under the device 20 for supplying the concentrate withdrawn from the unit 4 to the screw separators 16. The concentration table concentrate 17 is directed to a concentrate concentrator (SHOW), including a magnetic separator 22, which classifies by size the apparatus, for example, screen 23, concentration sand 24 and slurry 25 tables, drying apparatus for over-sizing product 26, electric separator 27 for processing sieve product, drying for under-sizing product apparatus 28, electric separator 29 for enriching sieve product. In this case, the blocks 1 4 are installed in series, that is, one after the other.

 Flushing device PGNVK works as follows.

 The enriched sands supplied by the bulldozer to block 1 to the receiving grate of the loading hopper 6 are separated by a jet of a hydromonitor 5 on the grate into an oversize fraction (boulder-pebble product larger than 80 mm) removed through a hydraulic damper 7 into a dump and into an under-grate pulp containing gold. The pulp enters the sump of the loading hopper 6 and, due to the vacuum created by the hydraulic elevator 8, is sucked into the receiving chamber (not shown) and lifted through the pulp line to block 2 into a short deep filling gate 9, where coarse-grained heavy fraction, large gold and nuggets. The resulting concentrate is periodically removed. The tails of the deep filling short gateway 9, containing fine and finely divided gold, by gravity enter block 3 onto the screen 10 with a pallet. The latter is an apparatus that combines the elements of wet screening of a material in a stream with its density enrichment. The screen body has the form of a fixed lock with parallel sides and a double bottom (sieve with a flat pallet). The source material through the guide plate enters the upper perforated bottom of the screen. A small product, especially from heavy minerals, passes through a moving mineral bed, and then through the upper perforated screen bottom and enters a flat pallet (to the lower screen bottom) and then through the unloading pipes of the pallet to the V-shaped locks.

 Thanks to the water cushion created by the small thickness of the sump, part of the water in the screen remains above the sieve and ensures transportation of the oversize product.

 An essential feature of the separation by size on this screen with a flat pallet is the predominant allocation of the heaviest minerals into the sublattice product. This is explained by the phenomenon of segregation of material in a coarse-grained bed moving along the screen. The material enters the screening sieve already in a state that is stratified by density and size, in which heavy small grains are in the bottom layer. An additional advantage of a screen with a flat pallet is a slight clogging of the sieve openings, low wear of the sieve, since the movement of the material occurs in the stream at a relatively low flow rate.

 The introduction into the circuit diagram of flat-screen screens, as a classifier, is essential for the extraction of fine and finely divided gold. It is the screen with a flat pallet that does not consume electricity, which simultaneously provides for the transportation of oversized sand and pebble material by the water flow, classification of the size of washed sand, sand enrichment, and extraction of grains of all grain sizes (smaller than the size of the sieve perforation holes) into heavy products, ensuring optimal liquefaction of the pulp before feeding it to the V-shaped gateways.

 But in the inventive device due to insufficient living section of the screening sieve with a flat pallet, part of the metal-bearing sand is mechanically carried away by an oversize product. For a more complete capture of the metal-bearing part of the flow, at least one more screen with a flat tray is sequentially installed, after which the over-sieve product enters the gutter of the tail product with a V-shaped bottom, in the discharge end of which an expanding gap is made along the axis, through which With the help of a cutter, a small metal-bearing fraction is captured.

 The under-screening product of the screen with the pallet through the discharge pipes enters the upper receiving part of the gateway 11 normally the bottom 12 in its axial part. At the same time, the speed of movement of the pulp is rapidly extinguished. The height of the sides of the gateway 11 by its size prevents overflow even with peak loads. To calm the flow and ensure the direction of its movement in the gateway 11 installed two vertical with the ability to adjust the relative position and the bottom of the plate 13. At the same time, oblique waves are suppressed in the area of these plates 13. Formed axial flow basically does not allow lateral movements of the liquid phase and limits the movement of solid particles. The flow in this case moves rectilinearly in the longitudinal direction with a regime approaching the laminar one. Along the straightened flow during its movement, 11 grains of a heavy fraction are deposited on the bottom of the lock. At the end of the airlock 11, the heavy fraction is cut off by a specially designed cutter 15. The airlock 11 performs several functions: straightens and forms a flow, concentrates valuable minerals and moves them hydraulically to the cutter 15, dehydrates and discharges excess liquid phase with a flow divider 14 and provides discharge of grains and particles waste rock in the dump.

 These functions prevent the negative effect of irregular flow of the liquid phase on the processing of sand.

 When sand is supplied by a bulldozer for washing to a hydraulic damper 7 and with the technology of washing (disintegrating) sand with a hydraulic monitor 5, an unstable, irregular flow of the liquid phase (water) is inevitable. Hydromonitor 5 distinguishes two modes of operation: disintegration and loosening of sand on the screen (low pressure of the water jet) and cleaning of the oversize product (transportation) (high pressure of the water stream). These modes of operation, alternating alternately, create instability in the dilution of the pulp. In order to equalize the flow over water cut, the V-shaped lock 11, processing sands with a particle size smaller than 8 mm, is equipped with a divider 14 with the possibility of the required movement along the height of the V-shaped bottom of the lock 11. In the case when the hydraulic monitor 5 operates in the cleaning (transport) and discharge mode in the dump of boulder-pebble oversize material, there is a sharp flooding, an increase in the flow of the liquid phase (water) to the beneficiation apparatus. On the V-shaped gateway 11, excess water by the flow divider 14 is discharged into the dump, thereby regulating the water mode of operation of the beneficiation apparatus. Fluctuations while liquefying the cut-off concentrate are insignificant.

 The concentrate of each V-shaped gateway 11, separated by cutoffs 15, is directed to a gravity-centrifugal apparatus, for example a screw separator 16. The pulp is fed into the upper part of the helical groove and, under the influence of gravitational force, moves down the groove (the required height in this case is 1.5 2 , 0 m). Heavy minerals are concentrated closer to the axis of the apparatus, light minerals under the action of centrifugal force and most of the liquid phase are concentrated at the outer side of the screw channel (screw separator). The cutter sends the heavy fraction as a concentrate to a further limit, the light fraction is dumped into the dump.

 Since the pulp on the screw separator 16 is characterized by signs of pressureless (channel) flow, it is essential for the separation of particles according to density to have a transverse circulation of the flow, due to the difference in fluid velocities at the bottom of the gutter and at the surface, additionally increased by the action of centrifugal force. It was experimentally established that when the concentrate of the screw separator 16 reaches 15% of the operation, there is no need to withdraw the industrial product in parallel with the concentrate, that is, there is no need for separate processing and refinement of the industrial product. At the same time, the concentrate of screw separators 16 in terms of condition and dilution corresponds to the optimal power parameters of the concentration table 17.

 Due to the fact that the live section of the screening surface of the screen with a flat pallet in block 3 is not enough (18 20%), therefore, an additional screening surface is required, especially if the bulk content of the heavy fraction is high. For completeness of the extraction of a valuable component, block 3 is additionally equipped with another block 3. Enrichment on it is carried out similarly to the above process.

 Oversize product from block 3 is directed by gravity to block 4 onto troughs 18 with a V-shaped bottom 19. Coarse sands and pebbles of ore material, moving under the pressure of a liquid water medium, create a “bed”, that is, under the influence of segregation by size and density, enrichment occurs . It was experimentally established that under the action of segregation of particles of different densities, small heavy particles are concentrated in the lower layer, then a layer of large heavy particles mixed with small light particles is located above them, and large light grains of empty rock are in the upper layer. The rate of delamination (segregation) increases with increasing feed size and the difference in the densities of the separated particles.

 In this case, the size of the oversize screen product with a flat pallet is smaller than 80, but larger than 8 mm (-80 +8 mm). Grains of a valuable component 100% smaller than 2 3 mm are concentrated in the under-sieve product, which allows the over-sieve product to be dumped into the dump.

 The difference in density of waste rock and valuable component is more than 6 times. Grains and particles of a valuable component passing through the trough 18 with a V-shaped bottom 19, concentrate directly at the bottom 19 of the troughs and move along the bottom to the device 20 for the output of the concentrate.

 A dump product with a particle size of minus 80 + 8 mm mechanically carries away a certain number of grains of a fine fraction. In the process of moving from the screen 10 to the dump into the dump under the action of peeling, washing and the continuing effect of separation, small grains of the heavy fraction are concentrated and move along the V-shaped bottom 19 of the grooves 18, and at the end due to the expanding gap in the axial part of the V-shaped bottom 19, these small grains of heavy minerals and gold are captured and fed by gravity feed from block 4 to screw separators 16. Grain fraction removed from screw separators 16 is gravity fed to a concentration table 17 for the river. The concentrate of the table 17 enters the concentrate treatment plant (SHOW) for subsequent refinement.

 In the practice of developing an alluvial deposit, one industrial device can be mounted at the test site or the sands are washed with several industrial devices. In the first case, it is advisable to mount the concentration table 17 directly on the industrial device and obtain a “golden head” - the highest concentration of the valuable component and concentrate, which are accumulated in transported containers and then transported to a concentrator for further refinement of the concentrate. In the second case, it is economically feasible to draft rough concentrates (concentrates of gravity-centrifugal apparatuses) to accumulate in containers and transport concentrates of all industrial devices to the central SHOW serving several industrial devices. To clean and refine these concentrates, a larger and more efficient standard size of the concentration table is provided in the head of the central SHOW. At the same time, rough concentrates of industrial instruments by size are completely suitable for processing on a concentration table. For this reason, sequentially installed gravity and gravity-centrifugal apparatuses end with a concentration table mounted on a washing device or on a SHOW.

 The concentrate of the concentration table is subjected to magnetic separation on the separator 22 to separate magnetic minerals into a separate magnetic fraction. The non-magnetic product of the concentrate at screen 23 is classified by size. The over-screening product of the screen 23 is refined on the sand concentration table 24. The concentrate of this table, after drying in the drying apparatus 26, is electrically separated on the electric separator 27 to obtain a conditioned gold concentrate. The tails of the electric separator 27 and the sand concentration table 24 are stored in a special dump.

 The sieve product of the screen 23 is refined on the sludge concentration table 25, the concentrate of which is dried in the drying apparatus 28 and subjected to electrical separation on the electric separator 29 to obtain a gold concentrate. The tail products of the electric separator 29 and the slurry concentration table are stored in a special dump.

 Gold concentrates are handed over to the gold box office.

 The inventive flushing device is designed, manufactured and tested on the current gold-bearing sands of the Khodakan site in the Taiga prospecting farm in 1994. This indicates that the technical solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (2)

 1. A flushing device with a continuous output of concentrate, which includes sequentially installed block for preparing and transporting sand, containing a loading hopper, a hydraulic hopper, a hydraulic elevator with a slurry line, a large gold control unit containing a short deep filling airlock, a small gold recovery unit containing a screen with a pallet, installed under the rumble of the locks, characterized in that it is equipped with a unit for collecting a valuable component from the over-screening product of the screen, made in the form of gutters with a V-shaped beggar, at the end of the axial part of which an expanding gap is made for the output of the concentrate, and in the enrichment blocks of the under-sieve product, gravity devices are made in the form of locks with a V-shaped bottom and centrifugal devices.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that after the gravity-centrifugal apparatuses a concentrated table is installed.

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