RU209622U1 - Lamellar paving construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a glued laminated beam and to a structure made of glued laminated beams. SUBSTANCE: proposed is a lamella paving structure, containing the first lamella (110) intended for location on the side of the lamellar paving structure facing outwards, and the second lamella (120, 122). The first lamella (110) is made of a heat-treated wood material, which makes it possible to reduce the drying of the wood material under the influence of sunlight and thereby reduce cracking.

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The utility model relates to a laminated laminated timber and to a laminated laminated timber structure. In a special embodiment, the utility model relates to a cross-glued rectangular lamellar bar and a lamellar bar structure in which it is used.

BACKGROUND

Glued laminated timber is a popular building material that can be used to build high-quality solid wood wall structures. However, when using glued lamellar beams in structures, problems also arise, in particular, cracking of the wood material.

In the document RU 23080 U1, a combined profiled beam is disclosed, in which the problem of material cracking is solved by making a beam from sequentially joined arcuate segments having certain geometric parameters to provide a tongue-and-groove connection between them while maintaining the original wood structure. However, this solution is applicable only in complex profile structures made along an arc or another profile curve, and, in addition, it requires accurate provision of the specified geometric dimensions of the beam, which narrows the scope of such a beam and increases the time and cost of its manufacture.

GOAL

The goal is to eliminate or at least mitigate some of the aforementioned defects.

In particular, our task is to present a laminated lamella that will be less prone to cracking in outdoor conditions compared to conventional laminated lamella.

Thus, the goal of the utility model is to develop a laminated lamella that is less prone to cracking and is cost effective to manufacture.

ESSENCE

Glued laminated timber consists of one or more first lamellas (glued wood plates) facing the outer side of the laminated timber, and one or more second lamellas. The outer side can also be called a glulam facade. The first lamella is a heat-treated wood material, which can also be called thermowood. This makes it possible to improve the weather resistance of the first lamella and hence the entire laminated lamella. In particular, this makes it possible to reduce the drying of the wood material under the influence of sunlight and thereby reduce cracking. As in the case of a conventional laminated lamella, the described lamella, and especially the first lamella, can be arranged with the core outward, i.e. on the facade. As the outer surface of the wood material heats up, the resin comes to the surface, but by using heat-treated wood, resin can be prevented from appearing on the first lamella, since the heat-treated wood, and therefore the first lamella, is already essentially free of resin as a whole. Microcracks can form in heat-treated wood, which prevent the formation of large cracks in the first lamella and in the laminated veneer lumber.

Heat treatment involves changing the chemical structure of wood by exposure to a high temperature of more than 160 degrees, reaching, for example, 190 degrees or more. During heat treatment, the temperature can also be limited so that it does not significantly affect the structural properties of the wood. The approximate maximum temperature can be from 220 to 230 degrees. During heat treatment, the process can be controlled with hot air and/or steam. The protective gas, in particular water vapor, not only prevents the wood from burning during heat treatment, but also prevents the wood from cracking when the temperature rises. Heat treatment can last from several hours to several days. For example, water mist can be used to lower the temperature. The heat treatment may also include moisture stabilization. Heat treatment can be carried out without adding chemicals to the wood. Heat treatment changes the structure of wood, such as destroying lignin, which is a binder for wood, and removing water and other extracts from wood, such as resin, terpenes and formaldehydes. Heat treated wood may have a lower susceptibility to moisture than untreated wood, i.e. has a better ability to maintain size and shape. It may have a lower moisture balance. Heat treated wood may also have lower thermal conductivity and/or better rot resistance.

Mentioned in one embodiment, one or more of the second lamellas are used without heat treatment. This allows more economical production of glued laminated timber, as heat-treated lamellas are located on the outer side of the structure.

Mentioned in one embodiment, the glued lamella beam contains at least two first lamellas located one above the other in the direction of the height of the lamella beam. This allows the pitch of the lamella to be increased despite the fact that the strength of the raw wood used to make the first lamella is limited. All said at least two first lamellae are heat treated and located on the face of the laminated lamella and thus provide the same advantages of the heat treated wood material as in the case of a single layer laminated lamella.

In one embodiment, the outer surface of the laminated veneer lumber is black. The outer surface is the facade. This makes it possible to create a glued lamellar beam, the outer side of which, when heated in the sun, can reach a high temperature of up to 75 degrees Celsius and be subjected to only slight cracking.

A lamella structure, such as a wall or a house, may include one or more of the aforementioned lamella beams, the first lamella of which is arranged to be located on the outside of the lamella block structure.

The first lamella of the lamella and said one or two second lamellas are aligned in the width direction of the lamella. The height direction of the beam is thus perpendicular to the longitudinal and transverse directions of the lamellar bar.

LIST OF IMAGES

In the following, the utility model is described in detail using application examples with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which

Figure 1 shows the application of laminated lamella.

Equivalent reference numbers refer to the same or at least structurally and/or functionally equivalent entities, whether they are followed by a letter or not.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description is provided along with the drawing to illustrate possible exemplary implementations. The drawing does not describe the only possible embodiments or uses. It is possible to implement the same or similar functions and structures with other examples.

Figure 1 shows an example of a lamella 100. The lamella 100 is shown in cross section in a plane perpendicular to its longitudinal direction. The height 140 and width 142 of the laminated lamella 100 are marked in the figure. A seam 150 across the full width of the glulam shown in the figure is optional, in which case the seamless image is a single layer lamella beam and the seam image is a multi-layer beam.

Glued lamella 100 consists of two or more lamellas 110, 120, 122, for example 3-5 lamellas, arranged in a row in the direction of the width 142 of the lamella beam 100. The lamellas 110, 120, 122 can be glued together. The lamella bar 100 can also consist of lamellas in only one layer, but alternatively also in two or more layers. In this case, the lamellas of the top layer 110a, 120a, 122a can be aligned with the lamellas of the bottom layer 110b, 120b, 122b. The layers can be glued together. For example, a two-ply lamella 100 may have 3-5 lamellas in each layer, resulting in a total of 6-10 lamellas in one laminated lamella. A seam 150 is formed between the overlapping layers, which may be an adhesive seam. The adhesive line may extend in the width direction 142 of the lamella bar 100 across all adjacent lamellae to provide an adhesive bond between overlapping layers.

The lamella bar 100 may consist of one or more fiber-length lamellae, in which the direction of the wood fibers into the lamellae, and thus in the lamella bar 100, is arranged along the length. The lamella bar 100 may also consist of one or more transverse lamellae, in which the direction of the wood grains in the lamellas and thus in the lamella bar 100 is in the height direction 140. In particular, the lamella bar 100 may be a cross-glued lamella bar. , containing one or more lamellas longitudinal in the direction of the fibers and one or more lamellas transverse in the direction of the fibers. In one embodiment, the lamella bar 100 includes a lamella 122 transverse in the direction of the fibers, in which, on each side along the width of the lamella bar, one or more lamellas 110, 120, longitudinal in the direction of the fibers. The lamella transverse in the direction of the fibers can act as a supporting structure, and in this case the lamellar bar can also be called non-shrinking bar in professional jargon. In one embodiment, the outer lamellas 110, 120 across the width of the lamella bar 100 are longitudinal lamellae, between which there may be one or more other lamellae, which may contain one or more transverse lamellae.

According to the example in Fig. 1, the lamella bar 100 may be a rectangular lamella bar, but other shapes are possible, such as a round bar. The side surface of the rectangular lamella bar 100 is substantially flat, i. e. straight in profile. This usually applies to both the outside (facade) and the inside. In a rectangular lamella bar, the lamellae may be substantially rectangular in shape. Lamellar timber can be several meters long, for example, from 1.5 to 12 meters. The same applies to the individual lamellas of the lamella bar 100. The lamellae, longitudinal in the grain direction, can be formed from one single piece of wood. A lamella transverse in the direction of the fibers may consist of several pieces of wood arranged in a certain sequence.

Of the two or more lamellas in the lamella bar 100, one or more is the outer lamella 110 (also the "first lamella") to be placed on the outside of the lamella bar 100. The outer lamella PO may constitute the outer surface 130 of the lamella bar 100. When the lamella bar 100 contains lamellas in two or more layers, the outer lamellas 110a, 110b may overlap in the direction of the height 140 of the lamella bar, forming the outer surface 130 of the lamella bar. The outer surface 130 of the lamella bar 100 is positioned to face the facade and may be specially treated to improve weather resistance. The outer surface 130 of the lamella bar 100 may correspond to the outer surface of the lamella or lamellas 110 of the lamella bar 100. The lamella bar 100 also includes an inner surface 132 that is located for mounting on the inside of the lamella bar 100. The weather resistance of the inner surface 132 may be worse than at the outer surface 130.

The outer surface 130 and/or the inner surface 132 may be flat. In one embodiment, the outer surface 130 and/or the inner surface 132 are straight, for example, in the direction of the height 140 of the lamellar bar 100.

One or more of the two or more lamellas of the lamella bar 100 may be an interior lamella 120 to be laid with the interior facing. The inner lamella 120 may form part of the inner surface 132 of the lamella bar 100. When the lamella bar 100 comprises lamellas in two or more layers, the inner lamellas 120a, 120b may be stacked on top of each other in the height direction 140 of the lamella bar 100, forming the inner surface 132 of the lamella bar 100 .

The outer lamella 110 or the inner lamella 132 may be a fiberwise lamella. In one embodiment, both the outer lamella 110 and the inner lamella are fiber longitudinal lamellae. In the outer lamella 110 and/or in the inner lamella, the core of the wood may be located on the outer surface 130 of the lamella bar 100. One or more lamellas between the outer lamella 110 and the inner lamella 120 of the lamella bar 100 in width 142 may be referred to as spacer lamellas 122. In one embodiment, execution as a gasket lamella 122 can be one or more lamellas transverse along the fiber.

The outer lamella 110 is a heat-treated wood material, which can also be called thermowood. When the lamella bar 100 includes a plurality of outer lamellas 110, each of them can be heat treated independently before being attached to the outer lamellas 110a, 110b. In principle, other lamellas of the lamella bar 100 can also be heat treated, but in a special design they are not heat treated. The weather resistance of the outer lamella 100 of the lamella bar 100 may then be better than other lamellas of the lamella bar 100. In the lamella bar 100, each inner lamella 120 and/or interleaver lamella 122 may be unheat treated. In this regard, in the design of the lamella bar 100, the usability of the whole bar can be improved cost-effectively only by improving the performance of the outer lamella 110.

The outer lamella 110 may be solid wood. The same applies to the inner lamella 120 and/or the spacer lamella 122. The outer lamella 110 can be any type of wood suitable for conventional laminated lamella and heat treatment, such as spruce or pine. The inner lamella 120 and/or the spacer lamella 122 can be any type of wood suitable for conventional laminated lamella, such as spruce or pine.

In one embodiment, the laminated lamella 100 has a black outer surface 130. Similarly, the outer surface of the outer lamella 110 may also be black. The black outer surface essentially effectively absorbs the visible wavelength of the light entering it, so the illuminated surface is perceived as black. This can be achieved, for example, by treating the wood and/or by treating the surface, in particular by painting. Appropriate processing can be performed on the outer lamella or lamellas 110 of the lamella bar 100 to obtain a black outer surface of the lamella bar 130.

The laminated veneer lumber 100 can be used to form various lamellar structures, for example, buildings made of laminated veneer lumber or parts of buildings. A lamella structure can be, for example, a house or a lamella wall. It consists of one or more glued lamella bars 100, in which the outer surface of the lamella 110 forms the outer surface of the lamella structure, i. facade. The structure made of glued lamellar timber has an external surface, which must face the facade. In this case, the outer surface of the lamella structure may correspond to the outer surfaces 130 of one or more lamella bars 100. The lamella structure may have a height of, for example, 1-3 meters or more. It may consist of two or more lamella bars 100 stacked on top of each other, such as 5 to 10 or more lamella bars 100 on top of each other such that the outer lamella bars 110 of the lamella bars face outward to form the façade of the lamella structure. The outer surface of the lamella structure may be flat, but it may follow the shape of the surface of the lamella bar 100, so other shapes are possible. In one embodiment, the outer surface of the lamellar structure is vertical, i. e. in the direction of height 140 of one or more lamella bars 100. In a lamella paving structure, the lamella bars 100 may be substantially horizontal in length. Similarly, in a lamellar paving structure, the lamellar bars 100 may be substantially vertical in the direction of height 140.

The utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned application examples, and various modifications within the formula of the utility model are also possible.

Claims (3)

1. Glued lamella, containing the first lamella (110), which extends to the outer side of the lamella, and the second lamella (120, 122), characterized in that said first lamella (110) is made of heat-treated wood material. 2. The laminated lamella according to claim 1, wherein said second lamella (120, 122) is made of wood material without heat treatment. 3. Glued laminated timber according to claim 1 or 2, in which the outer side has a black surface.

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