RU89138U1 - WOODEN BAR OF THE BUILDING WALL (OPTIONS) WITH A UNIVERSAL CORNING ANGLE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Wall beam, characterized in that it is made of two bars formed by sawing a hexagonal beam, equilateral in cross section, into three identical and equal diamond-shaped bars with angles of 60 and 120 ° and sides equal to the radius of the original circular sawlog in the transverse section of the part. ! 2. A wall beam made according to claim 1, characterized in that the whetstones constituting it can be subjected to superheated steam treatment before assembly and interconnected so that the core wood is in the upper edge of the outer surface of the wall log; in this case, the lower edge of the wall beam can be cut from the outer or from the outer and inner sides to a width of 10-50 mm at the same angle relative to the vertical surface of the wall as the surface of the crest of the wall log located under this edge. ! 3. A wall beam made of a rectangular beam in cross section, characterized in that the upper edges of the beam are cut and secured under the lower edges. ! 4. The angle of the log house at which circular logs of round cross section or beams made according to claims 1 to 3 intersect, characterized in that it contains flat faces located on the lower side at the ends of each of the upper wall logs or parallel beams intersecting in the corner of the log its longitudinal axis and forming an acute upward angle in the transverse groove, by which the upper wall log or log of the log corner rests on a ridge located at the end of the lower log or log of the log angle in the crown in the middle from the upper side, formed flanked by flat surfaces across the lower log or timber of the log crown from its both upper sides

Description

The present invention relates to a model for connecting the transverse logs of wooden walls in the corner of the log house, regardless of which logs this cross section is made up of - either round, or 6-sided, or 4-sided. In a special case, when a wall log of a 6-sided cross-section (although it can be used in a similar way when making walls of logs and other cross-section, for example 4-sided), it is more profitable to produce a wall log using the relative differences in the properties of the core and external wood layers of wood and improving due to this, for example, the moisture resistance of a wooden log house.

The history of wooden architecture shows us many different models of log joints in the corners of transverse wooden walls (and, as a rule, when the walls are installed, only surface treatment of logs is performed, without using qualitative differences in the structure of the wood itself).

But these are corner joints (see, for example, patents JP05156726A, JP2000345610A, JP2003119930A, WO95 / 07395A, WO91 / 12389A, tutorials Hakalin, Pekka "Rakennan hirrestä", Ojala, Kari "Parempi pientalo: näintenital. e.) are often distinguished either by the complexity of their manufacture, or by insufficient heat and water insulation properties of both the corner of the log house and the wooden wall as a whole (for example, Sagiyam Akir in JP2000345610A on pages 6 and 7 presents examples of the angles of the log house technically very difficult to implement, the wall section at the level of the horizontal junction of the vertically adjacent wall logs is only about a third of their thickness is at the level of the middle of the log, and the degree of use of wood - see section 5 of the round and proposed wall logs on page 5 - is less than half.The similar weaknesses are revealed in the samples presented in the patent by Adacha Satoru (JP05156726A), Victor Walters (WO91 / 12389A), etc.).

The proposed model of a wall log (regardless of which cross-section the element of a log wall is considered - 6-sided, 4-sided or round, in variations - uncut, hewn on one edging or hewn on two edgings) along with the simplicity of manufacturing eliminates the possibility of penetration rainwater both inside the building made of the above elements and in the seams between the adjacent elements in the wall (both in the wall itself and in the corner of the intersection of the walls), and the wall of a wooden building made of such elements c, has the same thickness anywhere from bottom to top (only in walls made of round uncut logs, its thickness at the level of the seam between the next highest wall logs is 25% lower than at the middle of the log - but not 50%) . In addition, during heat treatment (with superheated steam with a temperature from 195 ° C to 230 ° C, depending on the type of wood used), the durability of the walls made of similar elements increases significantly, as well as their appearance (although a few by 10-15 % - the cost of manufacturing a building from similarly processed elements increases) and the swelling of the wall elements across the fiber practically stops when the humidity of the surrounding air changes (along the fiber it is insignificant without treatment).

It is impossible to ignore the simplicity of the work during the construction of such walls, since in the corners of log houses made of the listed elements, all mating surfaces are flat, and in the walls of 6- and 4-sided elements, all surfaces are completely flat.

In addition to all of the above, wooden walls made of 6-sided cross-sectional elements allow 30% more source material to be used than traditionally made walls, as well as elements of a similar cross-section that increase the moisture resistance of the walls by using differences in the properties of the wood of the tree core in Comparison with the properties of wood on the outer layers of a tree trunk.

In the graphically represented drawings Figures 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d and 1e (both in the usual form 1-1, and in its transparent - for clarity - option 1-2) new model of the corner frame, regardless of whether in the walls whether it is used in the cross section of a log - round (1a, 1b or 1c), 6-sided (1d) or 4-sided (1e) - it is universal (for it, the only thing that matters is that at the ends of the logs to some extent in places the joint of the transverse walls there were two vertical parallel surfaces at equal distances from the longitudinal axis of the wall logs, which, as a rule, took place in traditional examples of wooden architecture), equipped with the same size, triangular in cross section, a transverse groove (pos. 2) on the lower side of the wall log and a longitudinal ridge (pos. 1) on the upper side in the middle (see Figure 1-1, Figure 1-2).

From what shape the longitudinal surfaces of the wall log in its cross section from the groove side (from the lower side of the log) and from the crest side (from the upper side of the log) are either horizontal horizontal, see Fig. 1e, or cylindrical, see Figa, 1b or 1c, or triangular, see Fig. 1d, the model of the log angle does not change - this only affects the relative value of the consumption of sawlog wood in the manufacture of wall logs: if in uncut round (log angle type “a”) logs it is more than 90%, in 6-sided (corner of the log type “d”) logs x this value is still a little more than 80%, then in the 4-sided (log-type angle “e”) it is already below 60%.

And although in wooden walls made of a 6-sided log (a wall log in which the log model of the “d” type is used), the percentage of use of the sawlog for its intended purpose is not the highest, the method of manufacturing a wall log used in this case can significantly improve its properties: when First, we make a 6-sided timber from a round log, we cut it further into three equal diamond-shaped cross-sections with angles of 60 and 120 degrees and sides equal to the radius of the round log from each second corner operechnogo sectional 6-faceted beam to its center, see FIG. 2, 9 and 10. After that, from six diamond-shaped parts obtained from sawing two 6-sided logs into three equal parts of each, we assemble three equal-sized arrow-shaped cross-sectional wall logs in such a way that the sound of the round log is placed in the upper outer corners of the assembled wall log, see Fig. .2b. Thus, we increase the moisture resistance of the wall log and the log wall as a whole. Also, to improve the appearance of the log walls, cut the bottom edge of the wall log from the outside (if desired also from the inside) side by 10 ... 50 mm (depending on the thickness of the wall log), see Fig. 8, at the same angle relative to the vertical surface log wall, as well as the flat surface of the crest of the wall log located under this edge. Thus, we simultaneously remove from the wall log its weakest part, consisting of wood on the outside of the tree trunk.

Another way to increase the moisture resistance and strength of wooden walls (as well as other wooden structures), developed by VTT (Finland), is to heat treat (see Möller, Kai, Otranen, Lassi "Puun lämpökäsittely") the diamond-shaped components of the swept wall log even before the formation of the finished product (nothing prevents also combining both of the above methods - see sheet 2 lines 33-50 and sheet 3 pages 6-10 - improving the quality of wall logs).

When arranging log walls directly from round wood, their vertical surfaces can also be chipped either partially (from the inside, and also to some extent from the outside, see Figure 1 “b”), or completely (on both sides, see Figure .1 “c”).

To prevent thermal insulation from jamming in the horizontal seam between the crowns from rainwater in the walls of the 4-sided timber, we also cut off the edge of the wooden beam, but this time the upper one, with a width of 20 ... 50 mm at an angle of 45 degrees on one (outer) or both sides and we fix them in any known way, excluding the penetration of rainwater into the longitudinal horizontal seam between the vertically adjacent rectangular logs of the wall and the leakage of warm air from the rooms to the outside, under the lower edge of the 4-sided wall beam, see Fig. 2 "s" (it should be noted that this does not require the installation of spikes in the crowns).

A more detailed invention is illustrated by the following drawings, in which:

Figure 1-1 represents the actual construction of the angle of the log house:

"A" - in the walls of a round log,

“B” - the same, from the hewn from one (partially, perhaps, and from the other) side,

“C” - the same, from hewn on both sides,

"D" - in the walls of a 6-sided swept in the cross section of the log,

"E" - in the walls of a 4-sided cross-section of the beam;

Figure 1-2 represents the same as 1-1, but in a transparent embodiment;

Figure 2 represents:

“A” - separation of the 6-sided timber obtained as a result of any known method of processing round logs into three equal diagonal diamond-shaped sections in cross-sections, of which (after processing them with superheated water vapor with a temperature of about two hundred degrees depending on the wood used ) two of them are going to one finished swept cross-sectional wall log with increased moisture resistance (see Figure 2 "b"), and from the third - half of the second, "b" - a composite swept cross-sectional 6-sided wall a log with improved qualities of water resistance and thermal insulation, which does not require the installation of vertical spikes in horizontal longitudinal joints between the groove of the upper and the crest of the lower log due to the shape of its cross section (only in the corners of the log house you must install the screed from top to bottom to create a single wooden frame of the building), " c "- a 4-faced wall log with the upper corners moved under its lower edge, cut at an angle of 45 degrees, and fixed there by any of the known methods that exclude penetration into the horizon a total longitudinal seam between the crowns of the log of rainwater and the seepage of warm air from the inside of the wooden structure to the outside (and similarly to the walls of a 6-sided log, which does not require the installation of spikes in the seams between the crowns);

Figure 3 represents the corner of the loghouse, folded from a round log, and a round log with a corner cut of a new type;

Figure 4 represents the same of a round log, hewn from one (inner) side (and, if necessary, partially from the other);

Figure 5 is the same, from the spirit of the parties;

Figure 6 represents the corner of the log, composed of a 6-sided arrow-shaped cross-sectional log, and a 6-sided log with a new type of corner cut;

Figure 7 represents the angle of the log, folded from a 4-sided beam, and a 4-sided beam with a corner cut of a new type;

Figure 8 represents a part of the external facade near the corner of the log house with cut off lower edges of its logs, improving the appearance of the structure and the moisture resistance of its walls;

Figure 9 more clearly represents the separation of a 6-sided log into three equal diamond-shaped components with angles of 60 and 120 degrees and sides equal to the radius of a round log (source material);

Figure 10 presents a method for cutting a circular sawlog for the manufacture of a new type of wall log saving about 30% of the original wood produced by simple mechanisms (for example, circular or band saws - or milling cutters, if thin wood is used and the croaker is too thin and therefore unsuitable for its further processing into a board - only into pulp chips), and a new type of corner cutting, which greatly simplifies its manufacture and assembly, since there are no curvilinear turns henna.

Since all the surfaces of the wall log (both in the groove, in the crest, and in the corner cut) are two-dimensional (flat), then a thin - 2-4 mm thick - insulation (for example, from wood fiber) can be used as a heater in the crowns. That provides a tight and reliable pairing of all elements of a wooden log house made of a log of a similar type.

Claims (4)

1. Wall beam, characterized in that it is made of two bars formed by sawing a hexagonal beam, equilateral in cross section, into three identical and equal diamond-shaped bars with angles of 60 and 120 ° and sides equal to the radius of the original circular sawlog in the transverse section of the part. 2. A wall beam made according to claim 1, characterized in that the whetstones constituting it can be subjected to superheated steam treatment before assembly and interconnected so that the core wood is in the upper edge of the outer surface of the wall log; in this case, the lower edge of the wall beam can be cut from the outer or from the outer and inner sides to a width of 10-50 mm at the same angle relative to the vertical surface of the wall as the surface of the crest of the wall log located under this edge. 3. A wall beam made of a rectangular beam in cross section, characterized in that the upper edges of the beam are cut and secured under the lower edges. 4. The angle of the log house at which circular logs of round cross section or beams made according to claims 1-3 are intersected, characterized in that it contains flat faces located on the lower side at the ends of each of the upper wall logs or parallel beams intersecting in the corner of the log its longitudinal axis and forming an acute upward angle in the transverse groove, by which the upper wall log or log of the log corner rests on a ridge located at the end of the lower log or log of the log angle in the crown in the middle from the upper side, formed which is flat surfaces across the lower log or timber of the log crown on its both upper sides, which makes up an upwardly directed directional angle.