RU2596236C1 - Chamber wooden structural panel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of laminated wood structures and can be used for making wall materials, small prefabricated structures, elements of building structures and the structures as well as elements of floor and roof coverings, suspended and false ceilings, wood and furniture boards. Chamber wooden structural panel is at least two flat latticed structures, each of which is made of identically oriented along the long side and spaced from each other wooden plates, and in which between each two adjoining plates is located at least one additional element of wood, made with two opposite flats and parallel to each other surfaces, to each of which is glued on one side of one of two specified adjacently located plates. One flat structure is arranged above the other and attached to it with glue through membrane in the form of a cloth. Wherein that said membrane in the form of a cloth is made from moisture-proof and air-proof paper or thin-sheet fibre, or, parchment paper or composites containing cellulose, or cloth for hydraulic or vapor insulation.

EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of operational characteristics of structural panel latticed-type due to its chambered structure, wherein chambers isolated with air-and moisture-proof thin-sheet membrane.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of glued wooden structures and can be used for the manufacture of wall materials, small-sized prefabricated structures, elements of building structures and the structures themselves, as well as elements of floor and roof coverings, false and false ceilings, carpentry and furniture panels. In particular, the utility model considers the design of a wooden panel of a chamber type of a lightweight structure having high strength properties and high resistance to bending and torsion. Moreover, such a panel is characterized by high air tightness and moisture resistance, therefore, heat and sound insulating indicators.

In the modern market of building materials, there is a need for lightweight and durable panels containing environmentally friendly materials that contribute to the rapid erection of structures for any purpose, including buildings, furniture, floors, floors, etc. In this regard, commercial wood panels can meet these requirements.

Wooden lattices are ease of forms, simplicity of design, durability, practicality, versatility. Currently, wooden gratings are used everywhere as a decorative or finishing material in a wide variety of solutions: on the open veranda, gazebo, porch, as summer cottages and garden fences, pergolas and even in city apartments, where the most ordinary screens for batteries significantly transform the visual perception of the room. Lattices are also used to decorate furniture facades, cafes, bars, restaurants and other public places. The lattice made of natural wood and products made of it organically fit into any interior, look great on a personal plot. As a material, it is sufficiently plastic, and special thermal modification, treatment with antibacterial and water-repellent compounds improve consumer properties. Mainly for their production an array of pine, beech and oak is used. In addition to the aesthetic component, decorative wooden lattices perform a number of practical functions: they delimit space, create artificial shading in recreation areas, and act as original screens. Sunlight passing through the cells of wooden gratings is filled with energy and gently scattered. Lattice openwork attracts the eye, gives lightness and airiness to any design.

This limited use is due to the fact that wood gratings, like building panels, are not durable, easily deformed, subjected to bending loads, and when the load is applied locally, the grate breaks. In this regard, today wooden grilles are used exclusively as lightweight decorative panels. This limitation is due to the fact that the gratings are made of thin and long strips and, after connecting to each other, they represent a membrane that is easily responsive to the application of load.

To eliminate this drawback and increase the strength of wooden lattices, a lattice wooden building panel was developed, which is at least one row of wood planks equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart from each other, which are interconnected by additional elements of wood for formation of a flat structure, between each two adjacent planks is located at least one additional element of wood, made with two and opposite flat and parallel to each other surfaces, to each of which one of the two indicated adjacent spaced strips is glued on one side, while the walls of these strips on each other adjacent side are located in a common plane (RU 147337, Е04С 2/00, publ. 11/10/2014). This decision was made as a prototype.

According to this solution, such panels can be composed of multilayer panels, which are two flat lattice structures, each of which is made of wood planks equally oriented along the long side and located at a distance from each other, and in which between each two adjacent planks are located at least one additional element made of wood, made with two oppositely located flat and parallel to each other surfaces, each of which is glued to one side of one of the two adjacent adjacent strips, while the walls of these strips on each other adjacent side are located in a common plane, and one flat structure is placed above the other and glued to it by adhesive. Moreover, between these flat structures can be placed glued to them a reinforcing sheet layer in the form of a membrane of mesh or fabric. And to the surfaces of the outer walls of a flat structure, reinforcing sheet layers in the form of a mesh, or web, and / or plate material can be glued. In addition, the direction of the strips in one flat design is made to be inconsistent with the direction of the strips in another flat design.

This feature of the design of at least a two-layer panel provides a sufficient reduction in weight with a serious increase in strength and bearing capacity. Such multilayer panels can be used as load-bearing walls, that is, power elements for constructing a living space. But these panels do not solve the problem of sealing the interior from moisture / water and air. During construction, to solve these problems, films and compositions are used that provide sealing of the interior from the external environment. This leads to the fact that chipboards or MDF boards, heaters, sealed films, etc., which form the inner surface of the walls of the room, are hung on the grating panels. At the same time, the panel itself is loaded with additional weight, which is undesirable for thin-walled multilayer panels, since in this case the advantages of lightness of the panel no longer play a major role.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in increasing the operational characteristics of a lattice-type building panel by performing its chamber, in which the chambers are isolated by an air- and moisture-proof thin-sheet membrane.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a chamber wooden building panel, which is at least flat lattice structures, each of which is made of wood planks equally oriented along the long side and located at a distance from each other, and in which between each two adjacent at least one additional element of wood, arranged with two oppositely located flat and parallel to each other surfaces, located of which one of the two adjacent adjacent strips is glued on one side, while one flat structure is placed on top of the other and glued to it with an adhesive method through a membrane in the form of a web, the specified membrane in the form of a web is made of waterproof and airtight paper or sheet fiber or parchment paper.

For the claimed embodiment, moisture-proof and air-tight paper is waxed paper or one or two-layer waterproof packaging paper, consisting of two layers of wrapping paper glued with bitumen. And the reinforcing sheet layers in the form of a mesh or web and / or plate material are glued to the surfaces of the outer walls of flat structures. In this case, the direction of the strips in one flat design is made to be inconsistent with the direction of the strips in an adjacent flat design.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by specific examples of execution, which, however, are not the only possible, but clearly demonstrate the ability to achieve the desired technical result.

In FIG. 1 is a view of a grating panel according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a view of a grating panel according to a second embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a view of a lattice panel in a frame.

According to the present invention, the construction of a wooden grating panel used as a building material and having a low weight at high rates of resistance to bending and torsion and bearing capacity is considered.

A feature of this lattice wooden building panel is that it is made of wooden planks 1 (thin long boards or plates) obtained from wood - part of a tree trunk of a certain size and quality, which is the final product of logging production or used as semi-finished products for further mechanical or chemical processing. For wood planks, both commercial wood and low-grade wood can be used.

A lattice wooden building panel in the general case is a flat structure composed of one row of wood planks 1 equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart from one another (or glued lamellas, particleboard, MDF, OSB, plywood or wood-containing material) which are interconnected due to additional elements 2 of wood (can be monolithic or glued from lamellas, chipboard, MDF, OSB, plywood) (Fig. 1) or wood-containing material.

Between each two adjacent planks 1 there is at least one additional element 2 (insert) made of wood, made with two oppositely flat and parallel to each other surfaces, to each of which one of the two adjacent planks is glued on one side. At the same time, the walls of these strips on each other adjacent side are located in a common plane. In this flat design, the planks are facing each other with wide sides, and the narrow sides form the outer surfaces. Execution is possible when the planks are interconnected by narrow sides, and the wide sides form the outer surfaces. Planks can be rectangular (quadrangular) or square in cross section. The shape of the planks is determined by the technology for producing the planks from a tree trunk.

In the example of FIG. 1, the rectangular strips 1 are unidirectionally located on the long side and are interconnected by short parts of the same strips. Short parts are additional elements 2 in the form of inserts and glued to the strips. Additional elements may be arranged in any order: in order, as shown in FIG. 1, that is, in a row, and each of two opposite sides of a flat structure either in a checkerboard pattern, or in any other order). Additional elements can have different geometry, length and thickness and their number both in width or thickness, and in length between the strips can also be different.

To obtain a lattice wooden building panel, laths 1 and additional elements 2 (inserts) are laid out between them, apply adhesive or adhesive to the contacting surfaces and tighten or compress the entire structure in the direction transverse to the direction of the laths and press it on the plane. After polymerization of the adhesive composition or adhesive, a force spatially rigid flat structure of increased spatial rigidity and increased resistance to bending and torsion is formed. This is determined by the fact that the gluing of strips with additional elements occurs along a sufficiently developed surface and with the fact that each strip (except for the extreme ones) has contact with two or more additional elements. That is, each plank through an additional element is a support for an adjacent plank, providing redistribution of local load from one plank to adjacent planks. The longer the additional elements, the more reliable is the connection of the strip with the liner. But this is not critical, since with an increase in the number of inserts it is possible to use short additional elements.

As liners can be used parts of wood, bamboo trunks, composites. The insert may be made of a height equal to the height of the slats, or a height less than the height of the slats, but more than half the height of the slats. The insert may be in the form of a cylinder, a round or square ring. Essential for the execution of the liner is the presence in it of two oppositely flat and parallel to one another surfaces that are used to apply the adhesive (of any nature, the main thing is that it has coupling qualities with wood. These liners are located between the planks and fasten adjacent planks between forming a rigid single-level spatial structure. Inserts between strips can be located linearly from each edge and between each adjacent pl nkami.

After the formation of a flat structure, processing (for example, grinding) of the outer surface is carried out in order to form its flatness and to maintain an equal height of the structure over its entire area from each of its outer surfaces.

The use of strips with inserts allows you to create spatially developed cellular structures in a given direction, which have high mechanical properties at low weight. The structure of the lattice panel accepts loads well in directions that coincide both with the direction of the wood fiber and across these fibers, and these are just loads transverse to the panel, which allows panels with such a structure to be considered as building sheet material with high load-bearing capacity. Such a panel has a reduced weight, which is determined, in fact, by the weight only of the weight of the slats and inserts. Since after processing the wood and adhesive compositions are practically not affected by aggressive media and do not have elasticity, then after drying of the adhesive or polymerisation of the adhesive, the entire cellular structure is monolithized.

The thickness of the bar in such structures does not affect the final stiffness and bending resistance. In this connection, it becomes profitable to use thin strips that differ from the bar: the lattice structure is seriously lightened without reducing its strength properties. The final spatial rigidity and bending resistance of the cellular system is determined by the configuration of the formed cells and the ability of each individual element to bear the load in conjunction with adjacent structural elements.

The proposed design of the construction and finishing lattice panel allows you to get panels of any thickness and structure with low weight, while the design is rigid enough to be used as load-bearing plates to protect the interior from temperature fluctuations and external noise, and thereby increase heat and sound insulation . The manufacture of lattice structures made of wood is becoming cost-effective and cost-effective, since almost the entire trunk is used as a source material.

From such single-level layers, it is possible to form multilayer lattice panel structures by applying one lattice flat structure to another with a given offset or at an angle to one another, as shown in FIG. 1 and 2. Flat structures are fastened together by glue.

The reinforcing layers 3 can also be attached to the surfaces of the outer walls of a flat structure. The outer layers pack a flat structure on all sides, forming a building block, protected from moisture and the environment. Such packaging can be used not only for multilayer panels, but also for single-layer for the manufacture of furniture, construction and decorative and decorative panels. The reinforcing sheet layer can be made in the form of a woven or non-woven fabric, or in the form of a sheet material of polymeric materials, or vegetable, or mineral, or metal-containing materials, or combinations thereof, or sheet layers in the form of a mesh, or fabric, and / or plate material or veneer, or wood, or film.

Such multilayer panels are a rigid structure with high bearing capacity. But this design has transparency due to its openwork design and therefore is moisture and breathable. When using such a panel as a load-bearing element of the wall, it is necessary to provide for the use of additional means for sealing openings. To solve this problem, the author has developed on the basis of the considered constructions a chamber wooden building panel composed of two flat lattice structures, each of which is made of wood planks 1 equally oriented along the long side and located at a distance from each other, and in which between each two adjacent planks is located at least one additional element 2 of wood, made with two oppositely arranged flat and parallel to each other surface threads, to each of which one of the two adjacent adjacent strips is glued on one side.

One flat design is placed on top of the other and glued to it by glue through the membrane 4 in the form of a web. Moreover, the specified membrane in the form of a web is made of waterproof and airtight paper, or fiber sheet, or parchment, or composites containing cellulose, or a web for waterproofing or vapor barrier. Moisture-proof and air-tight paper can be waxed paper or two-layer waterproof packaging paper, consisting of two layers of wrapping paper glued with bitumen. This paper has high strength and excellent moisture and air tightness. At the same time, such a paper web can be organically integrated into the design of the interlayer connection of two flat lattice structures. These flat lattice structures, when connected to each other, reliably press the paper web at the joints of the planks.

An example of such a chamber wooden building panel is shown in FIG. 1. The panel consists of two flat lattice structures, each of which is made of wood planks equally oriented along the long side and located at a distance from each other, and in which at least one additional element of wood is located between each two adjacent planks, made with two oppositely located flat and parallel to each other surfaces, to each of which one of the two adjacent adjacent strips is glued on one side. In this case, one flat design is placed on top of the other and glued to it with an adhesive method through a membrane in the form of a web of waterproof and airtight paper.

The presence in the multilayer design of the membrane panel allows you to give the panel the ability to not allow moisture and air. Thus, the panel becomes a product with high air and moisture resistance. When using the membrane in panels with more than two, the number of layers of flat lattice structures, a chamber block is formed in which a chamber is formed, limited by two paper sheets and the perimeter of the lattice structures. This design is similar in its result to the window camera units of the double-glazed windows.

An example of such a construction is shown in FIG. 2. A wooden wooden building panel consists of more than two flat lattice structures, each of which is made of wood planks equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart from each other, and in which at least one additional plank is located between each two adjacent planks an element of wood made with two oppositely located flat and parallel to each other surfaces, to each of which one of the two is glued on one side adjacent adjacent strips. Each flat structure is placed longitudinally or at an angle above the other and glued to it through the membrane in the form of a web of waterproof and airtight paper, located between each two adjacent structures.

Such a panel structure can be reinforced by being placed in the frame 5. The frame can be made rectangular in plan from wooden planks, inside of which are indicated these flat lattice structures. Frame 5 can be made of two or three trims - an open loop. The frame can be made around the perimeter of the four slats. And the indicated identically oriented strips with their ends glued to the strips of the frame or their ends are placed in the grooves of the strips of the frame (this example is not shown illustratively). The frame is an external power element of the panel. At the same time, when placing a flat structure in a frame, it becomes possible to produce furniture panels and even formwork elements for concrete work by wrapping the flat structure with plywood and other sheet materials, finished products such as panels not only to create a fine finish without leveling the main walls, but also for decorating walls. If the liners (additional elements) are arranged in a row on the upper or lower boundary around the perimeter of the lattice panel, then they begin to perform the function of not only fastening the strips together, but also the frame.

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various modifications and changes are possible in the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations as well as their equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention disclosed in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A wooden wooden building panel, representing at least two flat lattice structures, each of which is made of wood planks equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart from each other, and in which there is located between each two adjacent planks at least one additional element of wood, made with two oppositely located flat and parallel to each other surfaces, to each of which one is glued on one side and two adjacent adjacent planks, wherein one flat structure is placed on top of the other and glued to it with a glue method through a membrane in the form of a canvas, characterized in that the said membrane in the form of a canvas is made of waterproof and airtight paper, or sheet fiber, or parchment, or composites containing cellulose, or cloth for hydro or vapor barrier. 2. Chamber wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the moisture-proof and air-tight paper is waxed paper or two-layer waterproof packaging paper, consisting of two layers of wrapping paper glued with bitumen. 3. Chamber wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that reinforcing sheet layers are glued to the surfaces of the outer walls of the flat structures in the form of a mesh, or canvas, and / or plate material, or veneer, or wood or film. 4. Chamber wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the direction of the planks in one flat structure is made inconsistent with the direction of the planks in an adjacent flat structure.

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