WO2017086838A2

WO2017086838A2 - Structural panel

Info

Publication number: WO2017086838A2
Application number: PCT/RU2016/000785
Authority: WO
Inventors: Александр Витольдович МАЛИЦКИЙ
Original assignee: Александр Витольдович МАЛИЦКИЙ
Priority date: 2015-11-16
Filing date: 2016-11-15
Publication date: 2017-05-26
Also published as: WO2017086838A3

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of building. A structural panel is configured in the form of a flat grating structure comprised of wooden slats identically oriented lengthwise and spaced apart from one another, wherein between each two adjacent slats there is disposed at least one additional wooden element having two flat parallel opposite surfaces, each having one of the two aforementioned adjacent slats glued thereto. Furthermore, a reinforcing sheet layer is glued to at least one outer surface formed by the identically lengthwise oriented and spaced apart wooden slats, said reinforcing sheet layer being in the form of a slab material made of cardboard which is suitable for use in an air environment and which has a density of from 120 to 2200 g/m² with an increase in thickness of from 0.25 to 2.0 mm.

Description

Construction panel

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of production of glued wooden structures and can be used for the manufacture of wall materials, small prefabricated structures, elements of building structures and the structures themselves, suspended and false ceilings, carpentry and furniture panels. In particular, the utility model considers the construction of a structural wood panel of a lightweight structure having high strength properties and high resistance to bending and torsion.

State of the art

Structural materials — materials from which various structures, machine parts, and elements of structures that absorb power load are made. The determining parameters of such materials are mechanical properties, which distinguishes them from other technical materials (optical, insulating, lubricating, paint and varnish, decorative, abrasive, etc.) (https://ru.wikipedia.org/).

In the modern market of building materials, there is a need for lightweight and durable panels containing environmentally friendly materials that contribute to the rapid erection of structures for any purpose, including buildings, furniture, floors, floors, etc. In this regard, commercial wood panels can meet these requirements.

Wooden lattices are ease of forms, simplicity of design, durability, practicality, versatility. Currently, wooden gratings are used everywhere as a decorative or finishing material in a wide variety of solutions: on the open veranda, gazebo, porch, as summer cottages and garden fences, pergolas and even in city apartments, where the most ordinary screens for batteries significantly transform the visual perception of the room. Also, grilles are also used to decorate furniture facades, cafes, bars, restaurants and other public places. The lattice made of natural wood and products made of it organically fit into any interior. In addition to the aesthetic component, decorative lattices made of wood perform a number of practical functions: they delimit space, facilitate the creation of volumetric solutions in the interior and exterior, create artificial shading in recreation areas, and act as original screens. Lattice openwork attracts the eye, gives lightness and airiness to any design.

This limited use is due to the fact that wood gratings, like building panels, are not durable, easily deformed, subjected to bending loads, and when the load is applied locally, the grate breaks. In this regard, today wooden grilles are used exclusively as lightweight decorative panels. This limitation is caused by the fact that the gratings are made of thin and lengthy planks and, after connecting to each other, they represent a fragile structure that is easily responsive to the application of a load.

To eliminate this drawback and increase the strength of wooden lattices, a lattice wooden building panel was developed, which is at least one row of wooden planks equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart, which are interconnected by inserts to form a flat structure between each two adjacent planks is at least one additional element of wood, made with two oppositely located E flat and mutually parallel surfaces, each of which is adhered on one side of one of the two adjacently disposed strips, the wall of said straps on each side adjacent the other are arranged in the general plane (RU147337, Е04С2 / 00, publ. 10.11.2014). This decision was made as a prototype.

According to this solution, reinforcing sheet layers in the form of a mesh or web and / or plate material can be glued to the surfaces of the outer walls of a flat structure.

This feature of the structural design of the building panel provides a sufficient reduction in weight while increasing strength and bearing capacity. However, an increase in strength is achieved either by increasing the number of layers of the lattice panels, or by strengthening the surface layers glued to the lattice structure. Reinforcing sheet layers in the form of a mesh or web do not fully solve the problem of increasing the strength and resistance to bending due to the fact that these layers themselves are flexible and flexible, and their strength in the panel is ensured by the adhesive composition. The use of plate material in the form of plywood or chipboard or MDF leads to the solution of the problem of increasing resistance to bending stresses and strength, but this leads to a loss of environmental attractiveness, weight increase and, accordingly, the cost of the product.

At the same time, it is important to form such a surface on the panel so that it meets the conditions of good adhesion with the coating material (wallpaper, tile, paint, veneer, laminated film, etc.) with which this surface can be finished. If you consider that the lattice panel with outer sheets can be used in furniture production or in the finishing of interiors and various designs, then this requirement becomes justified.

Disclosure of invention

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in increasing the strength characteristics of a structural constructional lattice type panel through the use of high rigidity of the cardboard as surface layers of the lattice structure.

The indicated technical result is achieved by the fact that the structural panel is a flat lattice structure made of wood planks equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart from each other and in which at least one additional element is located between each two adjacent planks made of wood, made with two oppositely located flat and parallel to each other surfaces, each of which is glued on one side of one of the two x said adjacent planks, while at least one outer surface formed by wood planks equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart from each other, a reinforcing sheet layer is glued in the form of a plate material from cardboard intended for operation in an air environment with density from 120 to 2200 g / m with an increase in thickness from 0.25 to 2.0 mm.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

Description of the figures of the drawings

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the desired technical result.

In FIG. 1 - General view of the structural lattice panel.

The best embodiments of the invention

According to the present invention, a structural wood grating panel is used as a building material and is lightweight at high rates. resistance to bending and torsion and bearing capacity. These indicators determine the operational characteristics of the product, allowing the panel to be used for the manufacture of wall materials, doors, slopes, furniture parts, small-sized prefabricated structures, elements of building structures and the structures themselves, as well as elements of floor and roof coverings, false and false ceilings, joinery and furniture panels .

A feature of this lattice wooden building panel is that it is made of wooden planks 1 (thin long boards or plates) obtained from wood - part of a tree trunk of a certain size and quality, which is the final product of logging production or used as semi-finished products for further mechanical or chemical processing. For wood planks, both commercial wood and low-grade wood can be used. For additional vkladppey elements you can use even more junk material, sawn knots, etc.

A lattice wooden building panel in the general case is a flat structure composed of one row of wood planks 1 equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart from each other (or (lamellas glued together, chipboard, MDF, OSB, plywood or wood-containing material ), which are interconnected due to additional elements 2 of wood (can be massive monolithic or glued from lamellas, chipboard, MDF, OSB, plywood) (Fig. 1) or wood-containing material.

Between each two adjacent planks 1 there is at least one additional element 2 (insert) made of wood, made with two oppositely located flat and parallel to each other surfaces, each of which is glued one side of one of the two adjacent adjacent strips. At the same time, the walls of these strips on each other adjacent side are located in a common plane. In this flat design, the planks are facing each other with wide sides, and the narrow sides form the outer surfaces. Execution is possible when the planks are interconnected by narrow sides, and the wide sides form the outer surfaces. Planks can be rectangular (quadrangular) or square in cross section. The shape of the planks is determined by the technology for producing the planks from a tree trunk or sheet, plate material.

In the example of FIG. 1, the rectangular strips 1 are unidirectionally located on the long side and are interconnected by short parts of the same strips. Short parts are additional elements 2 in the form of inserts and glued to the strips. Additional elements may be arranged in any order: ordered, as shown in FIG. 1, i.e. in a row and each of two opposite sides of a flat structure, either in a checkerboard pattern or in any other order). Additional elements can have different geometry, length and thickness, and their number both in width or thickness, and in length between the strips can also be different.

To obtain a lattice wooden building panel, laths 1 and additional elements 2 (inserts) are laid out between them, apply adhesive or adhesive to the contacting surfaces and tighten or compress the entire structure in the direction transverse to the direction of the laths and press it on the plane. After polymerization of the adhesive composition or adhesive, a force spatially rigid flat structure of increased spatial rigidity and increased resistance to bending and torsion is formed. This is determined by the fact that the gluing of strips with additional elements occurs on a sufficiently developed surface and with the fact that each stripe (for except extreme) has contact with two or more additional elements. That is, each plank through an additional element is a support for an adjacent plank, providing redistribution of local load from one plank to adjacent planks. The longer the additional elements, the more reliable is the connection of the strip with the liner. But this is not critical, since with an increase in the number of inserts it is possible to use short additional elements.

As liners can be used parts of wood, bamboo trunks, composites. The insert may be executed with a height equal to the height of the planks, or a height less than the height of the plank, but more than half the height of the plank. The liner may be in the form of a cylinder, round or square rings, may have a box-shaped cross-section.

Essential for the execution of the liner is the presence in it of two oppositely flat and parallel to one another surfaces that are used to apply the adhesive (of any nature, the main thing is that it has adhesion qualities with wood. These liners are located between the planks and fasten adjacent planks between forming a rigid single-level spatial structure. Inserts between strips can be located linearly from each edge and between each adjacent pl nkami.

After the formation of a flat structure, processing (for example, grinding) of the outer surface is carried out in order to form its flatness and to maintain an equal height of the structure over its entire area from each of its outer surfaces.

The use of strips with inserts allows you to create spatially developed cellular structures in a given direction, which have high mechanical properties at low weight. The structure of the lattice panel accepts loads well in directions that coincide with the direction of the wood fiber, and across these fibers, and this is just the load, transverse to the panel, which allows the panel with this structure to be considered as a building sheet material with high load-bearing capacity. Such a panel has a reduced weight, which is determined, in fact, by the weight only of the weight of the slats and inserts. Since after processing the wood and adhesive compositions are practically not affected by aggressive media and do not have elasticity, then after drying of the adhesive or polymerisation of the adhesive, the entire cellular structure is monolithized.

The thickness of the bar in such structures does not affect the final stiffness and bending resistance. In this connection, it becomes profitable to use thin strips that differ from the bar: the lattice structure is seriously lightened without reducing its strength properties. The final spatial rigidity and bending resistance of the cellular system is determined by the configuration of the formed cells and the ability of each individual element to bear the load in conjunction with adjacent structural elements.

The proposed design of the construction and finishing lattice panel allows to obtain panels of any thickness and structure with low weight, while the design is sufficiently rigid to be used as load-bearing plates. The manufacture of lattice structures made of wood is becoming cost-effective and cost-effective, since almost the entire trunk is used as a source material.

But with an increase in the area of a flat lattice structure, its bending or torsion increases. This phenomenon is negative, since during bending, the end parts of the panel are displaced relative to each other. To eliminate this phenomenon, at least one outer surface formed by wood planks equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart from each other is glued reinforcing sheet layer 3 in the form of plate material. Moreover, this plate material is made of cardboard, designed to work in the air.

As electrotechnical cardboard, insulating cardboard "EV" or "EVS" (GOST 2824-86) is used, which is used for electrical insulation when working in air at temperatures up to 90 ° C. Electrical cardboard is also used for the manufacture of patterns in light industry. For covers when stapling documents for archival storage. For documents of long-term storage and everyday use, an electric cardboard is also used, also called electrical cardboard. Electrical insulating cardboard is made in sheets and rolls: roll electric cardboard with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm and sheet electric cardboard with a thickness of 0.8; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 3.0 mm (see table 1 for strength parameters for different thicknesses of cardboard).

Table 1 ultimate tensile strength in the transverse direction MPa (kgf / mm ² )

Brand Thickness Density

cardboard a, mm b, g / cm ³ c

source

after inflection

and

0.10;

0.15;

0.20;

EV 1.15 30 (3.0) 25 (2.5)

0.25;

0.30;

0.40

0.50 1.15 30 (3.0) 25 (2.5)

0.10;

"EMU 1.20 35 (3.5) 30 (3.0)

0.20; 0.25;

0.30;

0.40

Electrical cardboard is made on a cardboard machine from 100% cellulose of high chemical purity (ordinary electrical insulating cardboard is made from wood sulfate cellulose and cotton rags to provide increased strength). For the manufacture of electrical cardboard, one of two methods can be used — rolling or calendering. More progressive is the process of compaction of the cardboard by rolling, i.e., by compressing the cardboard with rolling rolls. The process is inherently continuous and lends itself to a maximum degree of mechanization. In the process of compression (pressing) of the cardboard, air is first squeezed out of it, and then partially moisture. The cardboard is deposited and compacted by reducing the capillary space between the cellulose fibers. Sealed cardboard has increased strength, since in the process of pressing, the number of contact points of the fibers from the individual layers of the cardboard increases and, in addition, squeezed water due to the transfer of fibers from one layer to the pores of the other increases adhesion between them. Thick cardboard has a minimum amount of voids and moisture, and, therefore, parts made from it, during operation will have a minimum shrinkage. The compaction of the cardboard during pressing is not infinite, but until the pressing force is balanced by the forces of elastic deformation of the pulp and the forces of hydraulic resistance of moisture when it flows out of the capillaries

Electrical cardboard is characterized by high density, uniform thickness, smoothness, high mechanical strength, flexibility. For special purposes, the surface of the cardboard can be textured (GOST R 53636-2009 “Pulp, paper, cardboard. Terms and definitions”). Currently, electric cardboard is used in:

- sewing and textile production as a material for the manufacture of patterns and stencils);

- for electrical insulation in various equipment;

- in furniture production (due to its high density and strength it can be used as a material for the manufacture of rear walls of furniture, as well as for maintaining the shape of the backs and sides of sofas and armchairs).

It is the high strength of sheet electric cardboard with a small thickness and high bending resistance that allow us to consider electrical cardboard as a plate material, which eliminates the torsion of the grating panel when it is made in dimensions 2.5x1, 5m. Such an electrocardboard practically does not load the panel with weight, but significantly increases its strength. At the same time, the electrocardboard has an excellent texture, providing high adhesion to the bonded or applied coating material.

The experiments showed that for facing the lattice structure in order to increase its strength properties, not only electrical insulating cardboard can be used, but also gasket cardboard or jacquard cardboard or other cardboard with density parameters, which are given in table 2.

table 2

cardboard

Electrical Insulation 1100; 1650;

5 1,0-2,0 "EX" cardboard 2200;

240; 400;

6 Gasket "A" 0.3-0.8 "A"

640;

7 Gasket “B” 210 0.3 “B”

8 Gasket “B” 350 0.5 “B”

10 Gasket "AC" 750; 1125; 1,0-1,5 "AC"

11 Gasket "BS" 750; 1125; 1,0-1,5 "BS"

12 Jacquard glued 880; 1100; 0.8; 1.0; Jacques.

Various modifications of the caseboard can also be used, which are marked with signs from "C" to "C-5". Each brand of cardboard is distinguished by its technical characteristics, due to which there is the possibility of individual selection, depending on the needs of the packaging manufacturer and the requirements for finished products. Typically, cardboard is cut into ribbons and wound into bobbins. The industry produces sleeve cardboard with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.8 mm in rolls with a width of 700, 840, 1050 and 2100 mm. Due to the high strength of the material, the sleeves made from it are reliable and able to withstand heavy loads when machine unwinding fabric rolls at high speed. Coreboard has a density of 170-190 g / m ² (color-gray, green, brown); 140, 220, 250 g / m ² (white color).

Thus, a generalizing sign of the choice of cardboard from the whole variety of its types is the thickness and density, which is directly related to the rigidity of the cardboard. Thickness is a variable value, since it depends on the dimensions of the lattice structure. For small dimensions, it is sufficient to use cardboard with a small thickness. And for dimensional panels, cardboard with a thickness of 1 mm to 2 mm. But nothing limits the use of thin cardboard of high density for overall lattice structures. So the parameter is density - 120-2200 g / m ² and thickness - 0.25-2.0 mm. However, there is a dependence of the density on the thickness of the cardboard, which is expressed as an increase in density from 120 to 2200 g / m ² with an increase in thickness from 0.25 to 2.0 mm.

Pasting the lattice design of the panel with sheet cardboard allows you to get a lightweight structural panel with high strength characteristics. At least the plate material is glued to the side surfaces, while the end surfaces remain wooden. Panel pasting is also possible from the end sides.

To compensate for mandatory stresses when covering with electric cardboard, you can:

- make the lining double-sided;

- the second side (plane), "back" to revet with a grid, fabric or plate material, veneer, etc .;

- Do not glue cardboard on a plane, but only on the end edges of the shield.

Mounting cardboard on the grill panel:

- glue on a plane;

- glue on a plane with curving edges on the ends smeared with glue;

- Do not glue on the plane, but only on the ends with glue;

- Do not glue along the plane, but bend the edges to the end and fix with a baguette or frame.

- stocking the edges of the cardboard into the inner contour groove of the grill, etc.

From such single-level lattice structures, it is possible to form multilayer lattice panel structures by superimposing one lattice flat structure onto another with a given offset or at an angle to one another. Flat constructions are fastened together by glue or mechanical - dowels, screws, etc. The number of cardboard layers on one (and the reverse) side of the lattice structure board may be two or more.

The outer panel material can also be attached to the surfaces of the outer walls of a flat structure. The outer layers pack a flat structure on all sides, forming a building block, protected from moisture and the environment. Such packaging can be used not only for multilayer panels, but also for single-layer for the manufacture of furniture, construction and decorative and decorative panels. Such multilayer panels are a rigid structure with high bearing capacity.

Advantages of panels:

- eco-friendly material without melamines, phenols and formaldehydes;

- easy and stable;

- cheap;

- a clean and even surface for subsequent painting, pasting and covering with various materials or veneered veneers.

Claims

The structural panel, which is a flat lattice structure made of wood planks equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart from each other, and in which at least one additional wood element is located between each two adjacent planks, made with two opposite located flat and parallel to each other surfaces, to each of which one of the two adjacent adjacent strips is glued on one side, while the outer surface formed by the wood strips equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart from each other, a reinforcing sheet layer in the form of plate material is glued _^ characterized in that said plate material is made of cardboard with a density of 120 to 2200g / m with an increase in thickness from 0.25 to 2.0 mm.