RU159377U1 - WOODEN CONSTRUCTION PANEL - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A wooden building panel, which consists of two parallel sheet reinforcing layers, between which are located equally oriented along the long side of the wooden planks in the form of thin-sheet wave-like curved strips that are glued to the reinforcing layers, characterized in that the wave-curved strips located at a distance from each other, while the convexity of one strip is located opposite the hollow of an adjacent strip. 2. A wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing sheet layer is made in the form of sheet material from polymeric materials or vegetable, or mineral, or metal-containing materials, or a combination thereof. 3. A wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing sheet layer is made in the form of hardboard, or plywood, or cardboard. 4. A wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that between the adjacent strips there are liners to which these strips are attached. A wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a substrate layer in the form of a mesh or a cloth, or in the form of a woven or non-woven cloth, or a combination thereof, placed on the inner side of the sheet reinforcing layer and bonded with it in an adhesive manner, to reinforce adhesive bonding between wave-like curved strips and a reinforcing sheet layer. 6. A wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with planks placed between wave-like curved strips with attachment to the points or lines of the vertices of the bulges of these strips to the planks.

Description

The utility model relates to the production of glued wooden structures and can be used for the manufacture of wall materials, small-sized prefabricated structures, elements of building structures and the structures themselves, as well as elements of floor and roof coverings, false and false ceilings, carpentry and furniture panels. In particular, the utility model considers the construction of a lightweight wooden panel with high strength properties and high resistance to bending and torsion.

In the modern market of building materials, there is a need for lightweight and durable panels containing environmentally friendly materials that contribute to the rapid erection of structures for any purpose, including buildings, furniture, floors, floors, etc. In this regard, commercial wood panels can meet these requirements.

Wooden lattices are ease of forms, simplicity of design, durability, practicality, versatility. Currently, wooden gratings are used everywhere as a decorative or finishing material in a wide variety of solutions: on the open veranda, gazebo, porch, as summer cottages and garden fences, pergolas and even in city apartments, where the most ordinary screens for batteries significantly transform the visual perception of the room. Also, grilles are also used to decorate furniture facades, cafes, bars, restaurants and other public places. The lattice made of natural wood and products made of it organically fit into any interior, look great on a personal plot. As a material, it is sufficiently plastic, and special thermal modification, treatment with antibacterial and water-repellent compounds improve consumer properties. Mainly for their production an array of pine, beech and oak is used. In addition to the aesthetic component, decorative lattices made of wood perform a number of practical functions: they delimit space, create artificial shading in recreation areas, and act as original screens. Sunlight passing through the cells of wooden gratings is filled with energy and gently scattered. Lattice openwork attracts the eye, gives lightness and airiness to any design.

This limited use is due to the fact that wood gratings, like building panels, are not durable, easily deformed, subjected to bending loads, and when the load is applied locally, the grate breaks. In this regard, today wooden grilles are used exclusively as lightweight decorative panels. This limitation is due to the fact that the gratings are made of thin and long strips and, after connecting to each other, they represent a membrane that is easily responsive to the application of load. Increasing the strength of wooden gratings is carried out by increasing the cross sections of the slats and the use of mechanical fasteners to connect the slats to each other. But with this design, the grate gains weight and loses such an important quality as lightness (SU 1081310, Е04С 2/42, publ. 23.03.1984).

In practice, during construction, a lot of modern materials are used that can be used as wall load-bearing building panels. But there are a number of operations in which it is necessary to have thin-walled plates developed in area, such as hardboard, fiberboard, plywood, MDF, chipboard. These materials are used for leveling surfaces, are used as intermediate elements and decoration elements and elements for building small structures indoors.

Thus, a wooden building panel is known, which is at least one row of wood planks equally oriented along the long side and located at a distance from each other, which are interconnected to form a flat structure, while the planks are made in the form of thin-sheet strips, wave-like curved and laid sequentially with adjoining one to another along points or lines of contact on the bulges and depressions, while thin-sheet strips are brought into contact with each other over wide walls, thin walls which at each side of the flat structure located in a common plane (RU 147337, E04S 2/00, publ. 11.10.2014).

This panel has a reduced weight compared to structures made of plywood or chipboard, but has one drawback, which is the technological complexity of manufacturing. This complexity does not consist in the manufacture of wave-like strips or lamellas - this technology is known and widely used on the appropriate equipment. The complexity is due to the fact that all made wavy-shaped strips are not identical to each other within the tolerances and due to the peculiarities of the structure of wood and the location of the fibers. When assembling the panel, it is necessary to ensure the adjacency of one strip to another along points or lines of contact on the bulges and depressions. But due to the reasons for the spread in the size of the bulges, some bands are in a compressed state to others, and as the bands in the assembly increase, this stress state increases. As a result, the entire assembly acquires increased elasticity, which creates difficulties in fixing and holding the assembly until the adhesive bonding of the strips. The fastening of the end parts becomes mandatory in the grooves on the end plates, which, in fact, like a frame, keep the entire assembly from decay. To hold the strips during assembly, use a special tool or special equipment. Despite the fact that as a result, the glued panel acquires sufficient strength and flexural rigidity, its manufacture is laborious and will not allow the production of such panels in bulk.

In addition, the presence of frame plates framing the undulating assembly of the lattice and the mandatory presence of cover plates increase the weight of the panel.

This utility model is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in increasing manufacturability and reducing the weight of the panel structure while maintaining strength characteristics.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a trellised wooden building panel, which is two sheet reinforcing sheets parallel to each other located at a distance from each other, between which are located equally oriented along the long side of the wooden plank in the form of thin-sheet wave-like curved strips that are glued to the reinforcing layers, wave-curved stripes are located at a distance from each other, while the convexity of one strip is located opposite the hollow of the adjacent floor wasps.

In this case, the reinforcing sheet layer can be made in the form of sheet material from wood or wood-containing, hardboard, MDF, chipboard, OSB, plywood, veneer or cardboard, polymeric materials, or plant or mineral or metal-containing materials.

And also between adjacent adjacent strips can be placed liners to which these strips are attached.

The panel may be provided with a substrate layer in the form of a mesh or fabric or in the form of a woven or non-woven fabric, or a combination thereof, placed on the inner side of the sheet reinforcing layer and bonded with it in an adhesive manner to strengthen the adhesive connection between the wave-like curved stripes and the reinforcing sheet layer.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

This useful model is illustrated by specific examples of execution, which, however, are not the only possible ones, but clearly demonstrate the possibility of achieving the desired technical result.

In FIG. 1 is a plan view of a wooden building panel according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a wooden building panel according to a second embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a wooden building panel according to a third embodiment, with an insert between the strips.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a wooden building panel according to a fourth embodiment

According to this utility model, the construction of a wooden building panel used as a building material and having a low weight with sufficiently high rates of resistance to bending and torsion, longitudinal shear and bearing capacity is considered.

A feature of this trellised wooden building panel is that it is made of wooden planks 1 (thin long boards or plates or veneers) obtained from wood - part of a tree trunk of a certain size and quality, which is the final product of logging production or used as semi-finished products for further mechanical or chemical processing. For wood planks, both commercial wood and low-grade wood, low-grade plywood, and veneer waste can be used.

The lattice wooden building panel in the General case is a flat structure composed of two surface plates 1, which are sheet reinforcing layers that are parallel to each other at a distance. These reinforcing layers can be made of hardboard or plywood or cardboard or in the form of sheet material from polymeric materials or vegetable or mineral or metal-containing materials, or a combination thereof. These layers are reinforcing because they have the function of attaching to them a filler located between them. Between these reinforcing layers are planks of wood or wood-containing material that are equally oriented along the long side in the form of thin-sheet wave-like curved strips 2. These strips are glued to the reinforcing layers.

A design feature of the claimed wooden building panel, characterized in that the wave-curved stripes are located at a distance from each other, while the convexity of one strip is located opposite the cavity of the adjacent strip.

The strips are arranged so that the lateral surface of each strip is transverse to the plane of the reinforcing layer. The fastening of the strips to the reinforcing layers is done by glue. As an example, you can point to the following manufacturing technology of such a panel. The lower reinforcing layer, for example, in the form of cardboard or plywood, is laid on the supporting surface. Then, lubrication with an adhesive composition or adhesive of one end surface of the wave-like strips is carried out and they are laid with their adhesive side on the lower reinforcement layer. Between the strips placed liners, providing the formation of the distance between the strips. The liners are placed at the end sections of the strips. Then glue the other end surface of the wave-like strips with glue and lay the upper reinforcing layer on them, for example, in the form of cardboard or plywood. The upper reinforcing layer is pressed against the strips and dried until the adhesive composition or adhesive is fully polymerized. After that, the liners are removed.

After polymerization of the adhesive composition or adhesive, a force spatially rigid flat structure of increased spatial rigidity and increased resistance to bending and torsion is formed. This is determined by the fact that gluing the strips with the surface layers provides the strength of the entire structure, and the use of wave-like strips provides high torsion resistance. Such a design in the panel according to the local section through each strip makes it possible to obtain a section similar to an I-beam.

This design of the flat panel can be enhanced by being placed in the frame 3. The frame can be made rectangular in plan from wooden planks 4, inside of which are indicated the same oriented stripes. Frame 3 can be made of two or three strips 4, forming an open loop. The frame can be made around the perimeter of the four strips 4. And the indicated equally oriented stripes are glued with ends to the strips of the frame or their ends are placed in the grooves of the strips 4 of the frame 3 (this example is shown illustratively as a leader in Fig. 2). The strips are also bonded to the surface layers with an adhesive or adhesive. The frame is an external power element of the panel. At the same time, when placing a flat structure in the frame, it becomes possible to produce furniture panels and even formwork elements for concrete work by wrapping the indicated flat structure with plywood and other sheet materials, finished products such as panels not only for creating walls, but also for decorating walls.

In a wooden building panel, equally oriented strips can be perpendicular to one of the sides of the frame (Fig. 2) or angled to the sides of the frame.

After the formation of a flat structure, processing (for example, grinding) of the outer surface is carried out in order to form its flatness and to maintain an equal height of the structure over its entire area from each of its outer surfaces.

The use of wave-like strips makes it possible to create cellular structures spatially developed in a given direction with high mechanical properties at low weight. The structure of the panel accepts loads well in directions that coincide both with the direction of the wood fiber and across these fibers, and these are just the loads transverse to the panel, which allows panels with such a structure to be considered as building sheet material with high load-bearing capacity. Such a panel has a reduced weight, which is determined, in fact, only by the weight of the strips and surface layers. Since after processing the wood and adhesive compositions are practically not affected by aggressive environments and do not have elasticity, then after drying of the adhesive or polymerization of the adhesive, monolation of the entire cellular structure occurs.

The thickness of the strips in such structures does not affect the final stiffness and bending resistance. In this connection, it becomes cost-effective to use thin strips or thin strips deformed in the press or glued from veneer.

The final spatial rigidity and bending resistance of the cellular system is determined by the configuration of the formed cells and the ability of each individual element to bear the load in conjunction with adjacent structural elements.

A lattice wooden building panel in the general case is a flat structure composed of at least one row of wood strips 2 equally oriented along the long side and spaced apart from each other, which can be interconnected by additional elements made of wood ( Fig. 3) - liners 5. Between each two adjacent strips located at least one liner made of wood, made with two oppositely spaced surfaces fringes. Such liners are glued on one side to the side walls of two of these adjacent adjacent strips. In the place of gluing, the liners have an arcuate curved or arcuate concave surface for insertion into the strip profile.

To obtain a wooden building panel according to this embodiment, the strips 2 and the inserts 5 between them are laid out, the adhesive or adhesive is applied to the contacting surfaces and the whole structure is pulled together or compressed in the direction transverse to the strips. After polymerization of the adhesive composition or adhesive, a force spatially rigid flat structure of increased spatial rigidity and increased resistance to bending and torsion is formed. This is determined by the fact that the gluing of strips with inserts occurs over a sufficiently developed surface and with the fact that each strip (with the exception of extreme ones) has contact with two or more inserts. That is, each strip through the liner is a support for an adjacent strip, providing redistribution of local load from one strip to adjacent stripes. The longer the additional elements, the more reliable is the connection of the strip with the liner. But this is not critical, since with an increase in the number of inserts it is possible to use short additional elements.

Parts of wood may be used as inserts. In the example of FIG. 3 shows a parallelepiped-shaped insert made with a height equal to the height of the strips. The liner can be made with a height less than the height of the strip, but more than half the height of the strip. The insert may be in the form of a cylinder, a round or square ring. Essential for the execution of the liner is the presence in it of two oppositely located surfaces that are used to apply the adhesive composition (of any origin, the main thing is that it has coupling qualities with a tree). A blank for inserts can be made in the same press, a template as thin waves, but from a large number of layers of veneer, lamellas, “thick wide” waves are obtained, which are then cut into inserts. Then the radii of curvature of the waves and inserts will coincide, which will make the grating more durable and the process more technological. These inserts are located between the slats and fasten adjacent slats together, forming a rigid single-level spatial structure. The liners between the strips can be linearly located on each edge and between each adjacent strips. In this case, the inserts can be staggered or offset in each row.

However, due to the need to take into account the curvature of the wave in the manufacture of the liner, this panel has technological difficulties.

Since in the manufacture of strips and when laying them, a difference arises in the height of the individual strips in the assembly, it is advisable to use a gap compensator, which can be used as a substrate layer in the form of a mesh or fabric or in the form of a woven or non-woven fabric or a combination of them the side of the sheet reinforcing layer and glued together with the adhesive method to strengthen the adhesive connection between the wave-like curved strips and the reinforcing sheet layer. Illustratively, such an example is not presented.

In FIG. 4 shows an example of a construction panel, representing the development of a third example of execution. In this example, the panel is equipped with strips placed between the wave-like curved strips with fastening along the points or lines of the vertices of the bulges of these strips to the strips.

Instead of inserts, strips 6 are used, which are equal in length to the length of the wavy strips or slightly less. However, this condition is not required. Several short bars can be arranged along the wave-like strip length. When using short bars, they can be staggered to each other, that is, with an offset. These thin strips 6 are placed between the strips 2 so that the bulges of adjacent strips abut against the stripe placed between them. In places of contact of the strips with the strap 6 carry out gluing. This design is technological and at the same time it can significantly increase the strength of the panel and its resistance to bending loads. Like the inserts 5 of the plank 6 can be made of hardboard or plywood or cardboard, or from polymeric materials or vegetable or mineral or metal-containing materials, or a combination thereof. Like the liners, the bars perform two functions: the first is the positioning of the undulating strips in the assembly, the second is the spatial stiffening of the entire assembly.

The proposed design of the construction and finishing lattice panel allows you to get panels of any thickness and structure with low weight, while the design is rigid enough to be used as load-bearing plates to protect the interior from temperature fluctuations and external noise, and thereby increase heat and sound insulation. The manufacture of wooden structures is becoming cost-effective and cost-effective, since almost the entire trunk is used as a source material.

From such single-level layers it is possible to form multilayer lattice panel structures by superimposing one flat structure onto another with a given offset or at an angle to one another. In this case, the flat constructions are fastened to each other by glue or using a reinforced layer (for example, of mesh, fiberglass, canvas or other sheet material) or using a polymer layer that provides bonding during heating. Other known methods of hard joining wooden flat structures are possible.

Such reinforcing layers 1 can also be attached to the surfaces of the outer walls of a flat structure. The outer layers pack a flat structure on all sides, forming a building block, protected from moisture and the environment. Such packaging can be used not only for multilayer panels, but also for single-layer for the manufacture of furniture, construction and decorative and decorative panels.

Claims (6)

1. A wooden building panel, which consists of two parallel sheet reinforcing layers, between which are located equally oriented along the long side of the wooden planks in the form of thin-sheet wave-like curved strips that are glued to the reinforcing layers, characterized in that the wave-curved strips located at a distance from each other, while the convexity of one strip is located opposite the cavity of the adjacent strip. 2. A wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing sheet layer is made in the form of sheet material of polymeric materials or vegetable, or mineral, or metal-containing materials, or a combination thereof. 3. A wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing sheet layer is made in the form of hardboard, or plywood, or cardboard. 4. The wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that between the adjacent strips there are liners to which these strips are attached. 5. The wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a substrate layer in the form of a mesh or fabric, or in the form of a woven or non-woven fabric, or a combination thereof, placed on the inner side of the sheet reinforcing layer and bonded with it by adhesive, to enhance the adhesive bond between the wave-like curved stripes and the reinforcing sheet layer. 6. A wooden building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with planks placed between wave-like curved strips with fastening along the points or lines of the vertices of the bulges of these strips to the planks.

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