FI115658B - Process for producing a non-collapsing wall construction and non-collapsing building timber - Google Patents

Description

χ 115658

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE UNPRESSED WALL STRUCTURE AND THE UNPRESSED LOG

The invention relates to a method as defined in the preamble of claim 1 and to a log as defined in the preamble of claim 5 for the manufacture of a wallless structure.

Traditionally, one of the major disadvantages of log structures is their survival, that is, their collapse after construction, mainly during the first five to ten years. It is strongest in the first two years. The biggest reason for this decline is the drying of the logs. However, the log structure will continue to survive even after dehydration, as the humidity conditions vary greatly throughout the seasons.

In this case, the log may absorb moisture or dry so that the percentage of humidity in the area of the log surface may vary by 5 to 10 percentage points depending on the conditions.

The above-described humidity changes cause every other structure, such as doors, windows, bars, cabinets, panels, etc., to be used in log structures, where vertical joints are used. These are often, cumbersome and expensive to implement.

• 25 Efforts have been made to eliminate these problems with various types of lamellar log constructions, in which logs are supported; plywood, laminated wood or similar board is provided as a central central part. In these, the causes of the wood are at least partially vertical, in which direction the life of the wood: 30 is almost insignificant. However, such structures are prohibitively expensive and therefore cannot be (/ are widely used in log construction. The prior art also refers to FI-U3656, FI-U4671 and FI-96710).

The object of the invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a novel method as well as a corresponding 2 115658 logs which make it possible to economically make and construct a large amount of practically impervious log structures.

With respect to the features characteristic of the invention, reference is made to the claims.

The invention has been based on the results of research on log structures according to which the moisture content of the exterior wall made of solid logs varies only about 5 cm in thickness on 10 surfaces on each side. In the middle of a log of sufficient thickness, the moisture content of the wood, regardless of the season and conditions, is almost constant after the log has reached its end-use humidity.

15 The term "log" is used throughout this application to designate a log blank. Thus, when it is mentioned that the log is dried, it means as much drying of the finished log as drying of the log blank, which is then converted into log after drying.

The causes of the logs used in the method of the invention for producing an unpressurized wall structure from logs are in the longitudinal direction of the log throughout the log. In addition, in the wall structure, the overlapping logs are • arranged in direct wood contact with each other • '2 5 in the thickness direction of the logs from the central area. According to the invention, the logs are treated from said central area to be substantially inanimate before being stacked. drying them from the lower surface to the upper surface substantially to the end use moisture of the structure.

. Thus, preferably, the central area of the log structure in its thickness direction is · · · · * · ♦ “*” fully exposed to its end-use humidity, which ensures that the humidity of this middle area is practically unchanged after construction. Because the moisture change in the log structure just causes the structures to collapse, and because the middle region 3 115658, which now serves as the load-bearing structure of the invention, has a constant moisture content, a log structure is created which, once erected, remains unchanged in height.

Preferably, in the method 5 of the invention, the edge areas of the overlapping logs are arranged substantially spaced apart so that a gap is formed between them, a living space that allows them to live, i.e., swell and shrink without affecting the entire log structure.

Preferably, a seal is provided between the peripheral areas of the overlapping logs to prevent moisture flows to the middle areas of the logs. Also in this peripheral area, the overlapping logs may have suitable contact surfaces, i.e., sloping surfaces, which are supported against one another. However, it is essential that these surfaces do not act as load-bearing surfaces of the structure between the overlapping logs, but only as suitable support and sealing surfaces.

In the process of the invention, logs can be treated by drying conventionally to a substantially inanimate space at a temperature below 100 ° C. They can also be heat-dried at temperatures above 100 ° C or they can be heat-treated at temperatures above 180 ° C.

The invention can also be applied to a wall structure * comprising a heat insulation and a surface cladding on one surface of overlapping logs. Then the log pack- '' · *; in the direction of the mouth, the other edge and the middle or just. ··. the second edge region as such, which form the middle region of the wall structure and at the same time the wall structure. . 30 ways, is treated as essentially lifeless.

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The log of the invention can be made from a single solid log by drying the end edges of the log structure to a dryness so that the middle region reaches a sufficiently accurate end use humidity. In such a finished log structure, the middle region is lifeless in the end-use rope and its peripheral areas dry or damp depending on the conditions. However, the resulting peripheral living does not affect the entire log structure, of which the inanimate central area is the main component.

It is also possible for the log according to the invention to make a beam, the edges of which are dried to end-use moisture. Thereafter, the beam is sawn through and the edge areas glued against each other to form the center of the log, whereby the humidity of the edge areas during the erection of the log structure is higher than the middle area.

It is also possible that the log according to the invention is made of lamellae, whereby the lamellae forming the middle region of the laminae log are dried as accurately as possible to the end-use moisture before gluing the lamellae together. The humidity of the surface lamellas may freely vary slightly on both sides of the mid-range moisture percentage without any effect on the finished log structure.

Preferably, the end-use humidity of the log to be manufactured is selected for the site and condition.

The end-use humidity is generally selected from 12 to 16, preferably from 13 to 14% in Finland and from 15 to 16% in Japan or Germany, for example. The choice of end-use humidity may also be influenced by, for example, the location of the building on the site, the direction of the air, the proximity of the beach ·; 25 and generally winds from the sea or lake and the intended use and heating of the building.

In a log implementing a wall structure according to the invention, the causes of the wood are in the longitudinal direction of the log throughout the log. The log includes its pak-30 in the direction of the edge and the middle * * · · '* ·' · area between the lower surface of the log and its upper surface. In the wall structure, the underside of the center of the log is in direct wood contact with the upper surface of the middle of the lower log and the log. the upper surface of the middle area is in direct wood contact with the • lower surface of the middle area of the upper t 35 logs. According to the invention, the central area of the log is rendered substantially inanimate by drying it to the end-use moisture of the wall structure.

s 115658

In one embodiment of the invention, the log is used in a wall structure in which the other outer surface of the overlapping logs forming the load-bearing structure has heat insulation and surface cladding. In this case, in addition to the log center area 5 or only the lower edge of the second edge area is directly in contact with the upper surface of the corresponding edge area of the lower log and the upper surface of this edge area is directly in contact with the lower surface of the corresponding edge area of the upper log. In addition, when this peripheral area 10 has been treated to be substantially inanimate in the end-use moisture of the wall structure, the central area of the log and the second edge area in one or the other edge area form the load-bearing and substantially inanimate part of the wall structure.

The method and log of the invention can also be applied in different ways in different areas of a particular building. Thus, for example, logs on the exterior walls of a building are dried to a different degree of humidity than the load-bearing internal walls of the 20 buildings, since the end-use humidity of the interior walls is at least clearly lower in Finland than the end-use moisture on the exterior walls. Loppukäyttökos-. ' The choice of the building can be even more precise, local and detailed, always taking due account of the environmental and operating conditions of the building j * 25.

The log according to the invention may be in the form of a round log or a rectangular square planed log or a combination thereof, for example a D log. Likewise, it can be solid wood made from a single solid frame. . 30 logs or laminated logs glued together in several parts.

:; etc * The thickness of the edge of the log is essentially '···' independent of the total thickness of the log and is of the order of 40-50 mm, to which the moisture can be influenced.

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depending on the season and circumstances. In contrast, the thickness of the carrier bearing region 35 can vary greatly, depending on the strength conditions and stresses in practice.

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The method and the log of the invention have significant advantages over the prior art. The invention makes it possible to construct practically completely lifeless log structures at almost the same cost as conventional log building technology has hitherto been constructed. The method and log of the invention completely replace the very expensive log-plywood-plywood structures which up to now have represented the ways and methods by which non-pressed log structures can be manufactured. The invention is equally applicable to log walls alone, as well as to log structures with additional insulation and surface cladding.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wall structure according to the invention, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another wall structure according to the invention; manufacturing process.

. Figure 1 illustrates one embodiment of the invention: Log structure. In this, logs 1 and 2 overlap such that they are in direct and direct contact with each other only in the thickness direction of the logs from their central areas 3. That is, the lower surface 4 of the middle log 1: 30 is attached to the upper surface 5 of the central log 2.

*; * * Thus, the central regions 3 of the logs form a coherent and essential part of a solid structure extending throughout the height of the log structure. The load bearing middle region 3 is rendered substantially lifeless by drying it to the end-use humidity of the wall structure, for example, its moisture is arranged to the end-use humidity of the log structure, whereby it remains substantially unchanged.

Instead, the peripheral regions 6 of the overlapping logs 1 and 2 are substantially separated from one another, i.e. at a distance 5, with a clear living space or gap between them. This gap allows the edges to shrink and swell without affecting the stability and dimensional stability of the entire wall structure. In addition, a seal 7 is provided on both sides of the central region in the slots 10. The seal is not intended to act as a thermal insulator, as is commonly used between logs, but is intended to prevent airflow, i.e. moisture, through the gap to the center of the log.

At the edges of the log edge areas 6, the upper log 1 and the lower log 2 may be in relatively light contact with each other. As can be seen from the figure, such contact and support generally take the form of contact between oblique or almost vertical surfaces. Thus, the horizontal contact surfaces of the logs are in contact only with the middle of the log ;, ·

Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention * 25, in which the supporting structure of the wall structure is an overlapping logs 1 and 2 and the other side of the log structure has a heat insulation 12 and a surface cladding 13 which may include a wind shield and a vent additional insulation is placed outside the building.

,. 30 In this embodiment, the central portion 14 and the second edge portion 15 of the log form the middle portion of the wall structure, or '* ·· *, the load-bearing part of the wall structure. In this case, the central region 14 and the second peripheral region 15 are treated to be essentially unchanged, i.e., lifeless, by drying them to the end use moisture of the wall border 35. Likewise, they are in direct wood contact with the respective portions of the top and bottom logs, i.e. they form a solid load-bearing frame of solid wood 115658 s throughout the height of the wall structure.

Instead, one of the peripheral areas 16, i.e. the edge 5 of the log forming the second outer surface of the wall structure, consists of the outer surfaces of the overlapping logs which are not attached to each other, but between them a living space or slot with a resilient seal 17. the surface coating 13 of the second surface and the insulating layer 12, with or without fractures, form portions of the wall structure of varying moisture content, the life of which, however, does not affect the load-bearing part. The surface cladding may be made of any known material, sheet, panel or equivalent. It or its profitable collar is merely attached to the overlapping logs so that the logs are not affected by the living of the surface cladding.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a log according to the invention, wherein the log is made from a beam 2 0 8 which is initially dried by drying its edge areas 9, i.e. areas of a certain thickness from its lower surface to its final use moisture. Can also be used for heat drying or heat treatment. The log is then sawn in the middle 25 by sawing extending from its upper surface to the lower surface, whereupon the Parru halves are glued to each other at the edges 9 having the desired final moisture. This provides a beam with the desired humidity in the center area. After that, the beam can be:>. # 30 turned into a log of the desired shape.

Similarly, Fig. 4 illustrates> · another embodiment of the invention in which

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The four lamellae 10 and 11 are formed so that two of the singletons 11 are treated to be substantially inanimate by drying them to the end of the wall structure to be used. The two are glued to each other in the middle of the log blank and the other two to their edges.

9 115658 This produces a log blank with the entire center area at the desired end use and the blank can be machined to the desired shape.

The invention has been described above by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which various embodiments of the invention are possible within the scope of the claimed inventive concept.

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Claims (19)

1. A method of producing a wall construction which does not settle with logs in which the wood fibers like in the longitudinal direction of the log 5. the entire log and in which the wall construction the logs (1, 2) are arranged on top of each other in direct wooden contact with each other in the middle region. (3) of the wall in the direction of the yoke, characterized in that the logs are treated so that they do not substantially live by drying them from the bottom surface (4) to the top surface (5) substantially to the moisture content. for the end use of the wall construction. 2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the logs are dried at a temperature below 100 ° C. 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the logs are meadow dried at a temperature above 100 ° C. 20 Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the logs are heat treated at a temperature above 180 ° C. 5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the edge areas (6) are of hourly length. The two logs (1, 2) on top of each other are essentially arranged at a distance from each other so that their living is allowed without overpowering the entire log log structure. 6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that a seal (7) is arranged between the edge regions of the logs on top of each other to prevent moisture flow to the central region (3) of the logs. 7. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the timber log on its adjacent edge areas is dried so that it becomes drier in the moisture content. * * 115658 for the end use of the timber log construction, so that the middle area reaches the moisture content for the end use. 8. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the log is made of a beam (8), the edge areas (9) of which are dried to the moisture content for the end use, the beam is said to be broken and the edge areas are glued to each other to a middle area of the log. 9. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the log is made of slats (10, 11), wherein the slats forming the middle region of the slab log are dried to the moisture content for the end use before the slats are glued together. 15 10. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the moisture content of the end-use is chosen location and ratio specific. 11. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the moisture content of the end-use in Finland is selected in the intervals 12-16, advantageously 13-14%. 12. A process according to claim 10, characterized in that the moisture content of the end-use in Germany and Japan is selected in the range of 15% to 16%. Method according to any of claims 1 '- 4, wherein the wall structure comprises on one surface of the logs (1, 2) a thermal insulation (12) and a surface covering (13), characterized in that in the thickness direction of the log the one is treated. the edge region (15) and the middle region (14), or only one edge region (15) as such, which form: • the middle region of the wall structure, so that it does not substantially live. 14. A log for realizing a wall structure which does not sit, the fibers of the tree preferably being in the longitudinal direction of the log throughout the log and to which the log in the thickness direction of the wall belongs to edge areas (6) and between them an intermediate area ( 3) from the undersurface (4) of the log to its top surface (5), and in which wall construction the intermediate (3) sub-surface (4) of the timber log (1) strengthens in direct wood contact with a lower timber log (2) mid-range top and timber log mid-surface star in direct wood contact with the upper surface of an upper timber-stock area, characterized in that the center area of the log is treated so that it does not substantially live by essentially drying it to the moisture content for the end use of the wall construction. 15. A log according to claim 14, characterized in that there is a clearance between the two edge areas (6) of the logs on top of each other, which allows the edge areas to expand and shrink without moving the wall structure. The timber stock according to claim 14, wherein in a wall structure made of the same, in which one of the surfaces of the timers (1, 2) is superposed on one another a thermal insulation (12) and a surface covering (13), characterized in that the under surface of one of the logs (1) edge area (15) is in direct wooden contact with the upper surface of the lower log * (2) corresponding to the edge area (15) and the top surface of the taken edge area of the log is in direct wooden contact with the underside of the corresponding log of the upper log and that this edge region (15) is treated so that it does not substantially live by drying it to the moisture of the end use of the wall construction. | * Ϊ 17. A log according to claim 16, characterized in that only one side of the timber logs (1, 2) above each other between the edge regions (16) has clearance, which allows the edge area to be expanded. and shrinks without touching the wall structure. 18. A log according to any of claims 14 - 17, characterized in that the log is made of planed timber, round timber or D-timber. 19. A log according to any of claims 14 - 17, characterized in that the log is a solid timber log or a lamella log log. t • ·