RU2084787C1 - Drier for loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering; drying of maize in oars and grain and other types of grain and bean cultures. SUBSTANCE: drier has chamber assembled of separate modules: upper receiving module 1, and intermediate replaceable modules 3 installed on base 3 one over the other and hermetically interconnected. Each module is equipped with driven drying conveyor 4. Gauze conveyor belt consists of two parts: pull gauze 10 getting into engagement with driving shaft and replaceable working gauze 11 with smaller-size meshes secured on pull gauze 10. Charging device is installed on receiving module 1 on its top. Discharge trough 14 and conveyor 15 for waste is mounted under lower module. Modules have heat and ventilating boxes connected to common manifold 17. Exhaust hatches 18 are made on top of receiving module 1. EFFECT: improved quality of drying. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to drying equipment and can be used in agricultural production for drying corn on the cob and grain and other types of seeds.

 A known dryer for bulk materials, mainly yeast, containing an all-metal drying chamber with mesh conveyors in tiers arranged in it and a gas distribution device made in the form of a system of pipes parallel to each other across the conveyor, connected to a heat source by means of boxes placed along each conveyor on both sides of it (A.S. USSR N 976239, class F 26 B 17/04, 1981).

 A disadvantage of the known design is the limited technological capabilities, since the drying chamber, made of all-metal, non-separable, does not allow changing the number of conveyors when switching to drying other materials that require changes in the drying technology, the high complexity of maintenance during repair work, and the complexity of the dryer design.

 The closest technical solution to the proposed one is an apparatus for drying bulk materials, mainly agricultural crops, for example seeds and castor oil plants, containing a drying chamber equipped with conveyors with mesh belts located one above the other that move the material to be dried from the loading device to the unloading device. Shields are installed obliquely between the upper and lower branches of the conveyors, dividing the inter-tape space into zones for supplying and discharging the heat carrier through air ducts of variable cross-section located on both sides of the chamber (A.S. .

 A disadvantage of the known design is the limitation of technological capabilities, since the drying chamber is made of all-metal non-separable with conveyors built into it and restricting the placement of a different number of drying conveyors during the transition to drying of other materials and cereals that require changes in drying technology and productivity; the complexity of the design of the dryer and the high complexity of installation and repair work. The disadvantage is the uneven ventilation and drying of the seed layers in height and the lower efficiency of using the coolant with lateral supply and lateral removal of the heat agent, blocked by transverse shields, which do not allow to penetrate all layers simultaneously in the vertical direction.

 The task of the invention is to expand technological capabilities, increase productivity and efficiency of using heat of hot air.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the dryer for bulk materials containing communicated, tiered located drying chambers, each equipped with its own mesh conveyor and duct for supplying coolant to the layer of the dried material connected to the ventilation equipment, and drives of conveyors, a drying chamber of each tier together with the conveyor and said box is made in the form of a replaceable module, and all modules are hermetically connected to each other. In addition, the mesh conveyors are each made in the form of two grids of the main traction and replaceable working, fixed on the traction.

 This embodiment of the drying chambers in the form of replaceable modules expands the technological capabilities of the dryer. Changing the number of interchangeable modules allows you to reduce or increase the drying time of various types of seeds without compromising performance. During repair, replacement of modules is possible.

 The introduction to the design of the dryer of a double mesh tape, one of which is traction and the other interchangeable working, makes the dryer universal, capable of drying different types of seeds.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 schematically shows a dryer, a general view; in FIG. 2 top view; in FIG. 3 - conveyor belt.

 Dryers for bulk materials contain interconnected, tiered located drying chambers, each of which is made in the form of a removable module, an upper receiving 1 and intermediate removable 2 installed on the base 3. All modules are hermetically connected to each other and each is equipped with a mesh conveyor 4, a drive conveyor 5 and rollers 6 supporting the lower branch of the conveyor 6. At the ends, the module is equipped on one side with a removable cover 7, which serves for mounting and dismounting conveyor belts, and on the other hand, overload a visor 8. Soft shutters 9 are freely suspended on the axes of the drive and driven rolls of the conveyors to direct the flow of the heat agent.

 Mesh conveyors 4 are each made in the form of two nets of the main traction grid 10 with a large cell, for example, a mesh of the Lera type, which engages with the drive shaft, and fixed to the traction removable working grid 11 with a smaller cell, corresponding to the type of dried seeds. For example, for drying corn on the cobs, a replaceable working net 11 is generally absent, and the traction net 10 plays its role. For drying maize in grains or sunflower seeds, a net with cells slightly smaller than the seed size is fixed to the traction net. Peas, soybeans and other seeds of similar size can also be dried on this grid.

 On top of the receiving module 1, a loading device is installed, containing a hopper 12, equipped with a level sensor (not shown in the drawing), and a plow 13 suspended on the hopper, which serves to limit the layer of seeds loaded onto the conveyor belt of the receiving module.

 In the base 3 of the dryer, an unloading chute 14 for unloading the dried seeds is built in under the lower module and a conveyor 15 is installed for cleaning weed impurities and waste.

 Each module has heat ventilation ducts 16 and viewing windows (not shown in the drawing). On top of the receiving module 1, ventilation exhaust hatches are made 18. The receiving module 1 and the base 3 are permanent elements of the dryer, and the number of interchangeable intermediate modules can be changed taking into account the specific type of seeds and drying conditions.

 The dryer operates as follows.

 The seeds prepared for drying by the conveyor are loaded into the hopper 12 and from there they enter the movable belt of the conveyor of the receiving module 1. The thickness of the loaded seed layer is regulated by the plow 13 and depends on the type of dried seeds and their moisture content. From the top belt, the seeds are poured through the reloading visor 8 onto the lower belt of the next module and move in the opposite direction. Dried seeds from the belt of the lower module are poured into the discharge chute 14. Weed impurities and waste spill down and collect on the conveyor 15, as they accumulate, they are removed outside the dryer.

 The heat agent from the common collector 17 is supplied through the heat ventilation ducts 16 to the lower plug-in module, purging the layer of seeds located on the mesh tape and all other seed layers located above. Soft curtains 9 prevent the free movement of the heat agent along the movable tape and direct the flow across the tape. Each module provides two-way supply of heat agent. The connection of free heat ventilation ducts 16 is carried out as necessary, thereby rationally using the heat of hot air and increasing the efficiency of the system.

 With all of these solutions, the dryer becomes universal, capable of drying different types of seeds with a wide range of initial moisture, in different technological modes. The complexity of repair work is reduced and the maintenance of the dryer is simplified.

Claims (2)

 1. A dryer for bulk materials containing interconnected tiers located drying chambers, each equipped with its own mesh conveyor and a box for supplying coolant to the layer of dried material connected to the ventilation equipment, and conveyor drives, characterized in that the drying chamber of each tier together with the conveyor and said box is made in the form of a replaceable module, and all modules are hermetically connected to each other.  2. The dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the mesh conveyors are each made in the form of two grids of the main traction and removable working, fixed to the traction.

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