RU2076601C1 - Agent for presowing seed treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: agent - the known in veterinary science preparation surfagon that is synthetic polypeptide of the formula: p-Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Ala-Leu-Arg-Pro-ethylamide. For seed treatment an aqueous solution of polypeptide at concentration 5-50 mcg/l is used. EFFECT: stimulation of seedlings and roots, increased productivity. 4 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, more specifically to crop production, in particular to substances that regulate plant growth.

 It is well known that plant growth and development are regulated by substances formed by plants, the so-called endogenous phytohormones. The term "phytohormone" means naturally occurring growth substances, which are divided into several classes: auxins, gibberelins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, brassinolides. It is also generally accepted that synthetic plant growth regulators exert their influence through a change in the endogenous level of natural hormones, which allows one to shift the growth and development of plants in the desired direction and to the desired degree. Thus, the term "plant growth regulator" usually means organic compounds that affect the physiological processes of plant growth and development and, in contrast to fertilizers, are used in low concentrations (see L. J. Nickell Plant Growth Regulators. Application in Agriculture , M. "Kolos", 1984, p. 12).

 The doctrine of plant hormones was formed under the influence of medical endocrinology, however, it should be borne in mind that there are significant differences between animal hormones and phytohormones. Animal hormones cover a very wide range of chemical compounds, among which there are especially many peptides and steroids. The discovery of phytohormones of the class of brassides showed that steroids are also among phytohormones, and given the fact that, according to modern chemical nomenclature, steroids are included in the class of terpenoids, phytohormones such as gibberelins, abscisic acid, fusicoccin also belong to this class. Until recently, phytohormones of a peptide nature were not known (see Fundamentals of Chemical Regulation of Plant Growth and Productivity, M. VO Agropromizdat, 1987, p. 185 197). However, in recent years, literature has indicated that endogenous peptides (no structure is given) in plants can be modulators of biochemical processes that determine plant growth and development (see Farmer etal PNAS, 1989, v. 86, p. 1539 1542).

In recent years, due to the sharp deterioration of the environmental situation in many countries, the requirements for chemicals used as pesticides and growth regulators have been tightened. The main direction of the search is the creation of highly effective drugs with a wide spectrum of action, the dose of which is close to the corresponding concentrations of natural hormones, that is, about 10 ^-5 10 ^-7 M. The most beneficial from an environmental point of view is the treatment of seeds with such regulators.

In the literature, information has appeared about highly effective regulators of peptide nature. So, in the ed. testimonial. USSR 917826 (class A 01 63/02, 1980) describes the use of protein ballast substances obtained by fractionation of blood plasma of horses in the production of cholinesterase, as a stimulator of the growth of cucumber plants. Processing of vegetative organs (roots and leaves) 0.01
A 0.05% aqueous solution in a phase of 12 leaves increases the leaf surface and yield of plants. The regulator is introduced 2 weeks after planting and during flowering.

 It is also known that soaking the seeds before sowing in a 3.2 16.5% solution of skim milk or whey for 4-6 hours and subsequent drying can increase the yield of crops such as cereals, fodder and vegetables by 12 20% (see author certificate of the USSR 1087098, class A 01 1/00, 61/00).

 In both cases, a sufficiently large dose of growth-regulating substances is required to obtain the necessary effectiveness.

 The aim of the present invention was to find a highly effective plant growth stimulator of broad action, used in very low concentrations.

It was found that a synthetic analogue of the mammalian peptide hypothalamic hormone of the general formula: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Ala-Leu-Arg-Pro-ethylamide, or (D-alanyl ⁶ , desglycinamide ¹⁰ , L-prolyl ethylamide ⁹ ) -luliberin, or (D-Ala ⁶ - des-gly-NH ₂ ¹⁰ , L-Pro-NHEt ⁹ ) -LH-RH, can be used as a plant growth promoter. This hormone was proposed by us as an active substance for the creation of the veterinary drug Surfagon. It is approved for use in animal husbandry by the Pharmaceutical Council for Veterinary Medicine (see the Manual on the Use of Surfagon in Veterinary Medicine of the General Directorate of Veterinary Medicine 042-15 of 12/01/89). This peptide is produced by known methods of peptide chemistry (see Problems of Endocrinology, vol. XXXIV, 1988, 6, p. 62 66). A preparation containing the same peptide as an active substance and proposed for the needs of crop production, we called Florocrin.

 It was found that the soaking of seeds in an aqueous solution of florocrin accelerated seed germination, increased the length of roots and seedlings, and increased crop yields. The concentration of aqueous solutions of florocrin depending on the culture is 5-50 μg / L, which is more than an order of magnitude lower than the concentration of one of the most effective plant growth regulators fusicoccin currently known, which is usually used at a concentration of 600,700 μg / L.

 The effectiveness of the use of florocrin as a plant growth regulator has been proven in laboratory and field experiments on crops such as corn, cucumbers, carrots, sugar and fodder beets, and beans. The following are examples that only illustrate the invention without limiting it.

 Example 1. Conducted verification of the effectiveness of florocrinum in laboratory conditions. Odesskaya-10 maize seeds were soaked in water (control), standard in fusicoccin solution (680 μg / L), and in Florocrin solution with active substance concentration of 5 and 20 μg / L. Soaking time 5 hours. Soaked seeds were placed in Petri dishes of 10 pieces each. For the experiment took 3 Petri dishes in triplicate. Accounting indicators (the number of germinated seeds, the length of seedlings and roots) was carried out after 48 and 72 hours after planting in Petri dishes. The results are shown in table 1.

 As can be seen from the data given in Table 1, florocrin increased the percentage of germination and germination of corn seeds, the growth rate of seedlings increased in comparison with both the control and the standard - fusicoccin. It should be noted that the soaking of seeds in a solution of florocrin helps to accelerate root growth and the appearance of additional roots, which favors better survival of plants and providing them with moisture and nutrients.

 In addition, it has been observed that florocrin-treated corn seeds are less susceptible to fungal infections.

Example 2. The seeds of sugar beets were soaked for a day in water (control) and a solution of flocrin with a concentration of 1.25, 5 and 20 μg / l, respectively, then washed with water and placed in Petri dishes on wet paper filters, 25 pieces each, incubated at 26 ^o C. After 24 hours, an assessment (piece /%) of seed germination was carried out, resulting in the following: control of 15/20% florocrin 23/31% 17/23% and 2/3%, respectively, of the concentration of the peptide. Thus, for sugar beets, the optimal concentration of the Florocrin solution for soaking is 1.25 μg / L.

Example 3. The seeds of carrots of the Chantaine variety were soaked in water (control), a solution of fusicoccin (standard) and a solution of florocrin. The concentration of solutions of fusicoccin 680 and florocrin 5 μg / L. Soaking was carried out for 24 hours, then the seeds were transferred to Petri dishes on a wet filter of 10 pieces each, the experiment was carried out in triplicate. Assessment of germination rates (number of germinated seeds and root length) was carried out 48, 72 and 96 hours after incubation at 26 ^o C. The results are shown in table.2.

Example 4. Cornishon cucumbers were soaked overnight in water (control) and a solution of flocrin with a concentration of 5 μg / L, then washed with water and placed in Petri dishes for germination. On the second day in the control, 70% of the seeds sprouted, in the experiment 95%
Example 5 (field experience). The seeds of fodder beets were soaked in tap water (control) and in a solution of flocrin with a concentration of 25 μg / l for 10 hours. After drying, the seeds were sown on an area of 5 hectares for each option at the Naro-Osanovsky state farm in the Moscow region. Sowing was carried out simultaneously in two fields with equalized indicators, agrotechnical treatment during the growing season was carried out for both options. After 3 weeks, the plants were inspected and part of them was removed along the diagonal of a plot of 10 x 6 m ² . The length of the root, stem, and one of the most developed leaves was measured. The results were statistically processed using Student's t-distribution. Data on the state of seedlings of feed beets are presented in table. 3.

Initial results show that under field conditions, pre-sowing treatment of fodder beet seeds with flocrin significantly accelerated plant growth. Compared with the control variant, the roots of the plants treated with the preparation are 2 times longer, the leaves 1.3 times longer. Harvesting was carried out according to the schedule of the farm. The yield per 1 ha in the control amounted to 400, and in the experiment 524 kg / ha. Thus, pre-sowing treatment of seeds of fodder beets with Florocrinum provided an increase in yield by 31%
Example 6 (field experiment). A field experiment was conducted on growing hybrid corn Moldavsky 215113 for green mass. In control 1, dry, untreated seeds were sown, in control 2 seeds soaked in water, in the experiment soaked in a solution of florocrin at a concentration of 50 μg / L. Sowing area of 2 ha for each option. The yield of green mass in control 1 was 401.4, in control 2 398.4 and in the experiment 430.7 c / ha. Thus, the treatment of corn seeds with florocrin gave an increase in yield in terms of green mass of 29.3 c / ha, or 7%
Example 7 (field experience). Field experiments were conducted on rice cultivation of two varieties Liman and Spalchik in two state farms of the Krasnodar Territory: Priazovsky and Chernoyarkovsky Slovyansky district. Rice seeds were soaked in tap water or in a solution of flocrin, the concentration of the active substance was 25 μg / l for 10 hours. Sowing was carried out simultaneously in two fields. The area of the control and experimental plots is 7 ha. The results are presented in table 4.

As a result of field experiments at two state farms, it was shown that pre-sowing treatment of rice seeds of varieties Liman and Spalchik led to an increase in the yield of these varieties by 3.1 3.3 c / ha, or by 9 11%
As can be seen from the above examples, pre-sowing soaking of seeds of various cultures in a solution of Florocrinum increases the germination of seeds and contributes to increased yield.

The concentration of the florocrin peptide during pre-sowing treatment of seeds ranged from 5 x 10 ^-5 M for corn to 5 x 10 ^-6 M for fodder beets, that is, as indicated above, lie within the concentration of natural hormones in plants. Given that the proposed method uses a peptide that is used in high concentrations in veterinary medicine, without restricting the use of slaughtered cattle meat for human consumption and that this peptide is rapidly cleaved into the gastrointestinal tract to amino acids, its use in crop production is environmentally friendly.

Claims (1)

The use of synthetic florocrin polypeptide of the formula
p Glu His Trp Ser Tyr D Ala Leu Arg Pro ethylamide
as a means for presowing seed treatment.

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