RU2133092C1 - Agent stimulating both plant growth and drought resistance increase simultaneously - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: organic chemistry, agriculture. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to use in agriculture and chemistry of biologically active substances. Invention relates to the agent consisting of a mixture of 2(5H)-furanone, carboxylic acids (succinic, maleic, fumaric or formic ones) and water and additionally containing β-formylacrylic acid (24-32 wt.-%) as the predominant component. Agent shows properties of an activating agent of cereals, leguminous and technical cultures seeds germination. EFFECT: increased yield and drought resistance. 9 tbl, 4 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture and chemistry of biologically active substances.

 As the claimed means, a known chemical composition is proposed, which is a product of peroxidation of furan compounds, which was previously used only to obtain chemical reagents from it. The product consists of β-formyl acrylic acid as its predominant component (24 - 32 wt.%) And a mixture of 2 (5H) -furanone, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, formic acid and water.

 The inventive tool exhibits a set of useful properties: it activates seed germination and increases yield to drought crops, exceeding in its indicators analogues and prototype.

 As a biologically active substance, including for the claimed purpose, the tool was not used.

 A method of obtaining the inventive substance is described in [1]. The reaction mass obtained by the peroxidation of furfural or other furan compounds in the presence of metal compounds of variable valency is concentrated, the resulting concentrate representing this composition is used as the claimed agent.

 The objective of the invention is to expand the range of highly effective products for use in agriculture. As a new tool, the claimed composition is proposed, having a biologically active effect previously undescribed for it, which is simultaneously manifested in the activation of seed germination, increased yield and resistance to drought of agricultural crops. The advantages of the tool are the simplicity of its preparation, high efficiency and complexity of action, which meets the requirements of modern agrochemical preparations.

 An analogue of the claimed funds for growth-promoting action is gibberellin. It is known that gibberellin is used to increase seed germination and crop productivity, however, it is an expensive product obtained by laborious multi-stage microbiological synthesis [2, 3].

 An analogue of the claimed funds (substances) for anti-stress action is mival. Mival was described in the literature as an effective anti-stress drug [4], however, it is based on hard-to-reach organosilicon compounds. The effect of gibberellin against drought is not described in the literature.

 The prototype of the claimed drug is 85% succinic acid, which consists mainly of succinic acid (at least 85 wt.%) In a composition with a mixture of maleic, fumaric, formic acids and 2 (5H) -furanone, but does not contain β-formylacrylic acid [5]. Succinic acid 85% is a drug approved for use in agriculture as a growth-stimulating agent [6]. The effect of succinic acid 85% against drought is not described in the literature.

 Thus, the claimed tool, at the same time stimulating the growth of plants and increasing their resistance to drought, including succinic, maleic, fumaric, formic acid and 2 (5H) -furanone, characterized in that it contains β-formylacrylic acid in the amount of 24 as the predominant component - 32 wt.%.

 The possibility of implementing the claimed invention is confirmed by the following examples.

 Example 1. The effect of the claimed substance on the sowing quality of seeds of agricultural crops (in laboratory conditions).

 The inventive substance, an analogue in properties (gibberellin) and prototype (succinic acid 85%) was used by pre-sowing soaking of winter wheat seeds of the Krasnodar-70 variety. Aqueous solutions were used: gibberellin with a mass fraction of 0.001%, succinic acid of 85% - 0.005% (hereinafter, the previously determined optimal concentrations of analogues were used), the inventive substance with a mass fraction of 0.01; 0.005; 0.001; 0.0005 and 0.0001%. Soaked seeds were laid out for germination in Petri dishes on filter paper. The experiment was repeated three times. In each repetition, 50 pieces were used. seed. During germination, germination, root length and height of the sprouts of 7-day-old seedlings, as well as their raw material mass were determined. The research results are given in table 1. (see tables 1 - 8 at the end of the description).

 From the data presented in table. 1 shows that the claimed substance in the concentration range of 0.01 - 0.001% activates the growth and synthetic processes in wheat seedlings and in its effectiveness is not inferior to the analogue and prototype. In an optimal dose of 0.001%, the claimed substance increases the germination of wheat seeds - by 12%, the height of the sprouts - by 44.2%, the weight of the sprouts - 68.4%, the length of the roots of seedlings - by 34.8% and their weight - by 53.4 % compared with the control, and in terms of effectiveness exceeds the standards of comparison (succinic acid 85% and gibberellin).

 Thus, the claimed substance in the concentration range of 0.01 - 0.0001% improves the sowing quality of seeds of winter wheat and in the optimal dose of 0.001% exceeds in its effectiveness the analogue in structure and prototype.

 Based on this effect of the claimed substance on the sowing quality of the seeds of a number of crops was determined using the optimal growth-activating dose equal to 0.001%. The inventive substance, gibberellin and succinic acid 85% was used by pre-sowing soaking of seeds of corn (hybrid Krasnodar 395), buckwheat, soybeans (cultivar Volna), peas (cultivar Alpha) and flax. For seed treatment used aqueous solutions of gibberellin with a mass fraction of 0.001%, succinic acid 85% - 0.005% and the inventive substance - 0.001%. During germination, seed germination, root length and height of the sprouts, plant length, mass of sprouts and roots of seedlings, and mass of plants (buckwheat) were determined. The research results are given in table.2.

 The inventive substance in the optimal growth-activating dose (0.001%) when treating seeds of corn, buckwheat, soy, pea exhibits the properties of a highly effective growth regulator; activates both growth and synthetic processes in the sprouts and roots of seedlings. In buckwheat, soy, pea and flax cultures, the claimed substance is not inferior in its effectiveness to the standards (gibberellin and succinic acid 85%), and surpasses them in a number of indicators. In corn culture, the claimed substance exceeds the standards in all respects.

 Thus, the claimed substance in a dose of 0.001% improves the sowing quality of seeds of agricultural crops and in its effectiveness is not inferior to analogues.

 For the treatment of rice seeds of the Liman variety, a solution of succinic acid of 85% with a mass fraction of 0.1% and the inventive substance with a mass fraction of 0.1 was used; 0.05; 0.01; 0.005; 0.001%. Soaked seeds were laid out for germination in Petri dishes on filter paper. The repetition of the experiments is 4 times. In each repetition, 50 pieces were used. seed. In the course of germination, the germination energy, germination, the height of the sprouts and the length of the roots of 7-day-old seedlings, the wet mass of the sprouts and roots of the seedlings were determined. The research results are shown in table 3.

 The inventive substance in an optimal stimulating dose of 0.01% increases the germination of rice seeds by 4%, germination energy - by 5%, root length - 6.7%, root mass - 22.9%, sprout height - 23.1 % and their mass - by 18.9% in comparison with the control and in its effectiveness is not inferior to the standard - succinic acid 85%. Thus, the claimed substance in a dose of 0.01% improves the sowing quality of rice seeds and in its effectiveness exceeds the prototype.

 Example 2. The effect of the claimed substance on the biometric characteristics of rice plants, crop structure and rice crop (vegetation experience).

 The inventive substance and analogue (succinic acid 85%) was applied by pre-sowing soaking of seeds for 18 hours. For the treatment of rice seeds of the Liman variety, aqueous solutions of succinic acid of 85% with a mass fraction of 0.1% and the inventive substance with an optimal mass fraction of 0.001% used in a laboratory experiment were used. For growing rice plants used vegetation vessels with a capacity of 10 liters. In each vessel, 6 kg of sieved through a sieve with a diameter of 6 mm, purified from root residues of soil mixed with nutrient mixture of D. N. Pryanishnikov were placed. 20 pieces were sown in prepared vessels. grains, after soaking them in solutions of preparations (control grains were soaked in water). Seeding depth - 2.0 cm. Irrigation regime - shortened flooding. In the seedling phase, thinning was performed and 10 typical plants were left in each vessel. In the tillering phase, the length of the roots of the plants, the volume of the roots, the height of the plants, the mass of the roots and the ground part were determined. In the phase of full ripeness, biometric analysis was carried out, the structure of the crop and the biological yield of rice were determined. The research results are shown in tables 4, 5, 6 and 7.

 From the table. 4 shows that the claimed substance is not inferior in its indicators to succinic acid 85%.

 The inventive substance and prototype (succinic acid 85%) activate the growth of rice plants and the accumulation of biomass, mainly in the roots, in the early stages of ontogenesis. In plants in the phase of full ripeness, the claimed substance increases the leaf surface area of both the main stem and the side shoots, which creates favorable conditions for increasing productivity. From the table. 5 it follows that the claimed substance in all respects exceeds the prototype.

 The inventive substance increases the total and productive bushiness in rice plants, as a result of which the number and mass of grains per plant increases, which ultimately leads to an increase in plant productivity by 20.3%. For all the indicators shown in table 6, the claimed substance exceeds the prototype.

 The inventive substance significantly increases the biological yield of rice by 3.7 kg / ha or 10.1% in comparison with the control and in its effectiveness exceeds the analogue in structure and properties - succinic acid 85%. Thus, the claimed substance in a dose of 0.1% increases the yield of rice grains, improves the structure of the crop and in its effectiveness exceeds the prototype.

 Example 3. The effect of the claimed substance on the yield of field crops.

 The inventive substance and analogue (succinic acid 85%) was used by spraying them with solutions of soybean plants of the variety "Snow White" in the budding phase. For processing used aqueous solutions of drugs with an optimal mass fraction of 0.01%, established in laboratory experiments. In the phase of complete ripeness, the biological yield of soybean was determined. The research results are given in table.8.

 From the table. 8 shows that the claimed substance in a concentration of 0.01% increases the yield of soybean seeds when spraying plants in the budding phase and exceeds the action of the prototype.

 Example 4. The effect of the claimed substance on the resistance of wheat plants of the variety "Krasnodar - 70" to water stress (laboratory experience).

 The influence of growth regulators on the resistance of winter wheat seedlings to water stress was determined using the well-known VNIIHSZR method [7, 8] in modification.

 The inventive substance and analogue in properties (mival) was used by pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds of the variety "Krasnodar - 70". For seed treatment used aqueous solutions of mivala with a mass fraction of 0.0001% and the inventive substance with an optimal mass fraction of 0.001%, established in laboratory experiment. Soaked seeds were laid out for germination in Petri dishes on filter paper. The repetition of the experiment is six times. In each repetition, 50 pieces were used. seed. After three days of germination, the seedlings of three replicates of each variant were dried for one hour, after which the germination was continued.

 During germination, the height of the shoots and the length of the roots of the 7-day-old seedlings, and the dry mass of the seedlings were determined. The degree of conservation of growth and synthetic activity in the sprouts and seedlings was calculated in comparison with the plants of the corresponding experimental variant treated with the preparations, but without drying the seedlings. The research results are given in table.9.

 From the table. 9 shows that under water stress, the inventive substance retains the intensity of synthetic processes to a greater extent than growth and does not yield inferior to the comparison standard - mival.

 Thus, the claimed substance increases the resistance of wheat seedlings to water stress and in its effectiveness is not inferior to the analogue in properties.

Literature
1. Poskonin V.V., Badovskaya L.A., Gavrilova S.P., Kulnevich V.G. // Journal of Organic Chemistry. - 1989, N 11. S.1462-1468.

 2. Friedrich G. et al. Physiology of fruit plants. - Berlin: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR, 1978. - P.416.

 3. Muromtsev G.S., Agnistikova V.N. Gibberellins and harvest. - M .: Kolos, 1971. - P.217.

 4. Shevelukha V.S. Plant growth and its regulation in ontogenesis. - M .: Kolos, 1992 .-- P.436.

 5. Technical conditions N 64-11-19-89 for the preparation "Succinic acid 85%"; approved on September 14, 89; registered by the Krasnodar Center for Standardization and Metrology 10/20/89, reg. N 063/003050.

 6. Preparations for plant protection (a list of chemical and biological agents for controlling pests, plant diseases and weeds, plant growth regulators and pheromones approved for use in agriculture, including farming, forestry and communal services for 1992-1996. - M .: Kolos, 1994 .-- P.207.

 7. Methodological recommendations for laboratory testing of synthetic plant growth regulators / Ed. A.A.Shapovalova. - Cherkasy: branch of NIITEKhim, 1990. - 35 p.

 8. Methodological recommendations for laboratory screening of synthetic plant growth regulators / Ed. S.S.Kukalenko and A.A. Shapovalova. - Cherkasy: branch of NIITEKhim, 1985. - 29 p.

Claims (1)

 A tool that simultaneously stimulates plant growth and increases their resistance to drought, including succinic, maleic, fumaric, formic acid and 2 (5H) -furanone, characterized in that it additionally contains 24-32 wt.% Β-formylacrylic acid as the predominant component .%.

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