RU2116728C1 - Composition for the growth, development and quality of agriculture crops improvement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: composition containing synthetic phytohormone tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ammonium ortho-cresoxyacetate (Cresacine) and film-forming agent has additionally an active component chloromethylsilatrane (Mival). Polymeric binding composition as natural polymeric organic resins of the most known coniferous wood species or a mixture of organosilicon block-copolymer on the base of polystyrene are used as a film-forming component. Treatment of agriculture crops with the proposed composition provides the enhanced yield, improved production quality and viability of seeds and plants. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of composition. 10 cl, 8 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, namely to means for improving growth, development, product quality and increasing crop yields.

 Various means and compositions are known from different classes of chemical compounds (chlorocholinchloride, chloroethylphosphonic acid, succinic acid, naphthylacetic acid - NAA, ivin, etc.) and natural components (heteroauxin, gibberelin, fusicoccin, sodium humate, etc.) that accelerate the development and maturation agricultural crops [1].

 The disadvantages of these funds are their toxicity to fauna and low efficiency.

 It is known to use various biostimulants for agricultural plants, in particular organosilicon compounds: tris- (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium ortho-cresoxyacetate (Krezacin) [2] and chloromethylsilatran (Mivala) [3, 4].

 However, a single Krezacin with a small overdose has an inhibitory effect on seeds and seedlings, and on vegetative plants it often causes an intensive growth of green mass in the absence or weakly expressed fruit formation.

 In addition, Krezacin does not significantly affect the improvement of product quality and does not have a hydrophobic effect on the seed coat and leaf surface of plants.

 Separately taken Mival favorably affects the quality of agricultural products, stimulates the development of the root system and has a thermoprotective effect.

 At the same time, the substance Mivala is poorly soluble in water and rapidly hydrolyzed.

 Closest to the invention is a composition for improving the growth, development and quality of crops, containing in an aqueous solution the synthetic phytohormone tris (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium ortho-cresoxyacetate (Crezacin) or chloromethylsilatran (Mival) in combination with a film-forming component [5].

 The specified composition has a limited effect for a number of crops and is noted only as a growth stimulant.

 The aim of the invention is the creation of a universal tool with environmental cleanliness (low toxicity to fauna and flora), high efficiency on the main types of crops and providing not only increased plant viability, improved product quality, but also giving adaptogenic properties, i.e. increasing plant resistance to extreme conditions (drought, frost, sandy and rocky soils, conditions of space objects, etc.).

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the composition for improving the growth, development and quality of crops, containing the active substance in the aqueous solution - the synthetic phytohormone tris- (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium ortho-cresoxyacetate (Krezacin) and the film-forming component, additionally includes the active substance - chloromethylsilatran (Mival), and as a film-forming component, polymer binder compositions (PSK) are used in the form of natural polymer organic resins of the most common conifers Whether a mixture of silicone block copolymers having a polystyrene polymer matrix.

 All components in the composition are based on environmentally friendly raw materials, do not have carcinogenic, mutagenic, theotogenic, allergenic and cumulative properties. The composition does not inhibit the community of soil microorganisms and is easily deactivated in water, soil and plant and animal organisms.

Mival separately exhibits the properties of an adaptogen and an immunostimulant, protects plants from stress, extreme temperatures and poisoning with pesticides and nitrates. It is a fine white powder, with a melting point of 210-215 ^o C. It is soluble in chloroform, dimethylformamide, solubility in water 1 - 2 g / l.

 Krezacin is a phytohormonal analogue of Mival from the class of phenoxyacetic acids, it regulates the exchange of vitamins A and E, stimulates the generative development of plants, and improves the quality and safety of products.

Krezacin is a hygroscopic powder of white or yellowish color. Melting point 80 - 84 ^o C. Easily soluble in water and alcohol.

 The proposed composition in comparison with the known composition of the prototype and with each of the components separately enhances the positive effect on the ontogenesis of plants, actively influencing the processes of growth, development, fruiting of plants, and has a synergistic effect. When using the composition, the germination and energy of seed germination is improved, the formation of a powerful root system is ensured, and, consequently, a more complete assimilation of nutrients and water from the soil, reduction of vegetation periods.

 Due to the displacement of free water in the generative organs, there is an increase in biologically active substances and their constituent structures, for example, gluten in wheat; sugars and vitamins in tomatoes, apples and beets; oils for cotton, sunflower, castor oil, etc.

 Due to the binding of free water at low or high temperatures, the plants are preserved during drought and low temperatures, the transportability and shelf life of the products are increased.

 The composition provides a reduction in pesticides and nitrates, especially in vegetables.

 The use of the composition allows, regardless of weather and climate conditions, to sow crops in the optimal time for them.

 The crop yield when using the proposed composition increases on average by 8 - 15% (cereals), 25 - 33% (potatoes), 35 - 40% (vegetables), 30 - 45% (corn for green mass), 20 - 22% (cotton, tobacco), 15 - 30% (fruit), including 15 - 20% (stone fruit), 20 - 30% (seed).

 In accordance with the invention, natural polymeric organic resins of the most common conifers of trees that are obtained, for example, from resin (terpentine) by the extraction of chopped wood, can be used as UCS.

The basis of these resins are resin acids, the components of which are isomeric, unsaturated tricyclic carboxylic acids C ₁₉ • H ₂₉ COOH, as well as their dehydro- and tetrahydroforms. For example, the resin obtained from domestic ordinary pine contains acids such as abietic and levopimaric, as well as salts and esters of these acids, called resinants [6].

 In the process of processing seeds or aerial organs of plants, the resin polymerizes slowly to form a diffuse thin polymer film, which allows the plant to breathe freely, absorbing the necessary air, light and water and protecting it from fungi and harmful microorganisms. A valuable feature of the film is the ability to accumulate and retain accumulated moisture, which creates optimal conditions for the germination and growth of plants in the arid steppe regions.

 UCS can be produced from wood resins with the addition of seaweed. The specified composition has a pasty mass, is well soluble in water.

 In this case, an additional stimulating effect from the PCB itself is manifested, since the shell is a biological nutrient medium for the germinating seed and plant.

A mixture of an organosilicon block copolymer (for example, a polyoxyalkyleneorganosiloxane block copolymer, which is a liquid with a density of 1.02 - 1.04 g / cm ³ and a viscosity of 350 - 5000 cSt) with a polystyrene polymer base [7] can also be used as a UCS.

 To obtain this mixture using, for example, a 4 - 5% solution of polystyrene in industrial chloroform.

 In this case, the polymerization process also does not differ from that described above. The presence of a silicon block copolymer in the PCB increases the solubility of Mival in water, reduces its hydrolytic lability and, most importantly, increases the biological activity of Mival and Krezacin (synergistic effect).

 The synergism of this composition is also manifested in increasing the resistance of seeds and plants to stress, superoptimal temperatures (drought, freezing), and infectious diseases.

 The use of PSK in the proposed composition eliminates the ingestion of the powdered preparations Mival and Krezacin into the respiratory organs of people when treating seeds and plants, while they do not spray into the atmosphere, and do not end up in water sources.

 In the proposed composition, microfertilizers of any kind can be additionally used at a rate of 10-15 g / l of solution, depending on the content of the active substance, which ensures improved plant nutrition.

 The technology of using the composition in practice does not essentially differ from the generally accepted one.

 Seed treatment is carried out by wetting them, and in the growing phase - by spraying.

 Any domestic or foreign machines are used (for example, type PS-10), which provide high-quality moistening of seeds with a flow rate of 10 - 25 l / t of seeds. After processing the seed material with the proposed composition, it is necessary to dry it before sowing.

 Small batches of seeds, such as vegetables, are soaked before sowing in any suitable coated container.

 Processing the proposed composition can be combined with seed treatment with fungicides.

In accordance with the invention, the content of the components in the composition based on 10 l of the solution for seed and vegetation is as follows, g:
for cotton
Mival - 0.1 - 3.0
Krezacin - 0.4 - 1.0
UCS - 400.0 - 500.0
for tubers and vegetables
Mival - 0.001 - 0.1
Krezacin - 0.004 - 0.4
UCS - 400.0 - 600.0
for corn
Mival - 0.1 - 3.0
Krezacin - 0.4 - 2.0
UCS - 400.0 - 600.0
for legumes and cereals
Mival - 0.1 - 2.0
Krezacin - 0.4 - 3.0
UCS - 400.0 - 600.0
for tobacco
Mival - 0.1 - 1.0
Krezacin - 0.4 - 3.0
PSK - 300.0 - 400.0
In accordance with the invention for fruit crops and grapes, the content of the components in the composition per 10 l of the solution for vegetation is as follows, g:
Mival - 0.1 - 0.2
Krezacin - 0.3 - 0.4
UCS - 400.0 - 600.0
In accordance with the invention for industrial crops (sunflower, castor oil, flax), the content of components in the composition per 10 l of solution for seed is as follows, g:
Mival - 0.1 - 2.0
Krezacin - 0.4 - 3.0
UCS - 400.0 - 600.0
The following are specific examples of the use of the proposed composition in agricultural practice.

 Example 1. Research on cotton was carried out in Central Asia in Uzbekistan, in the Kuva district, farms named after Akhunbabaev and Buston in 1992-1993.

 Grade - "Medium Fiber 175-F". Experimental plots on gray-brown stony soils.

 Cotton seeds were moistened with the proposed composition on concrete sites by shoveling and burrowing for 6 - 10 hours.

 Microfertilizers - 2.5 g / l of solution were added to the composition. The flow rate of the working solution was 300 - 400 l / t of pubescent seeds and 30 - 40 l / t of unfrozen seeds.

 Then the seeds were spread in a thin layer to dry to a loose state and sown.

 During the growing season, the treatment was carried out in a phase of 3-4 leaves.

 In the table. 1 presents data on the effect of presowing treatment of cotton seeds with the proposed composition on their germination at different soil temperatures.

In early sowing (experiment 1), a composition was used with the following content of components (in g per 10 l of solution):
Mival - 3.0, Krezacin - 0.5, PKS - 400.0;
for optimal sowing (experiment 2) the following composition was used:
Mival - 1.0, Krezacin - 0.4, PSK - 500.0.

 In both experiments, coniferous resin was used as UCS.

 For comparison, data are presented when processed separately by Krezacin (50 mg in 1 liter of solution) and Mival (200 mg in 1 liter of solution).

 The treated seeds provided friendly, uniform seedlings in the field.

It was noted that the stimulation of seedlings at a soil temperature of 12 - 15 ^o C makes it possible to produce earlier sowing, thereby prolonging the growing season and making it possible to advance the borders of cotton planting in colder regions.

 In the table. 2 shows indicators of growth and development of cotton when treated with the proposed composition and separately Krezacin (50 mg in 1 liter of solution) and Mival (200 mg in 1 liter of solution).

 Here, in experiments 1 and 3, a composition similar to experiment 1 (Table 1) was used, and in experiment 2, a composition similar to experiment 2 (Table 1) was used.

 As PSK, in experiments 1 and 2, an organosilicon block copolymer of the BS-2 type with a polymer base was used, and in experiment 3, coniferous wood resin.

 The number of plants after germination in the experimental plots was 10-15% higher. A more powerful development of the root system in the initial stage of growth was noted.

 As of June 1, cotton plants in the experimental fields, as compared with the control, had an average growth of 4–5 cm more than the control and 6–8 leaves each (in the control, 4–6).

 The intensive development of plants in the experimental plots led to an earlier appearance of buds. On June 1, mass budding was noted, while in the control only a single appearance of buds was observed.

 In the early stages of sowing, a more accelerated development of plants was noted. The phase from the beginning of flowering of bolls to their opening in plants in the experimental plots was more compact than in the control. This makes it possible to reduce the multiplicity of charges or to use mechanized cleaning with great effect.

 The yield increase in the experimental plots was 6.3 - 19.4 kg / ha.

 Example 2. Studies on potatoes were carried out in a number of farms in the Moscow region and Crimea in the period 1987-1993.

 Potato tubers were treated with the composition with a flow rate of 30 l / t of tubers.

 Spraying was carried out during the growing season with the onset of the phase of "budding", while the flow rate of the working solution was 400 l / ha of plantings.

 Research data are shown in table. 3.

Here, for experiments 1 and 2, a composition was used with the following content of components (in g based on 10 l of solution):
Mival - 0.1, Krezacin - 0.3, PSK (organosilicon block copolymer type BS-2 with a polymer base) - 600.0;
For experience 3:
Mival - 0.1, Krezacin - 0.2, PSK (resin of coniferous trees) - 500.0.

 For comparison, data are presented on yield when processed separately by Krezacin (50 mg in 1 liter of solution).

 It was noted that the yield increase is more pronounced under conditions different from optimal for this crop.

 Observations of plants during ontogenesis showed that shoots in the control plot appeared earlier than in the experimental plot by 4-5 days. However, analysis of tubers during this period showed that in the experimental plot, the tubers were more overgrown with lateral roots and, with further growth, were ahead of control samples. Moreover, the leaves and stems in the experimental plot had a darker green color, more numerous shortened thick stems, wider slightly dissected leaves. Stolons and tubers on the plants of the experimental plots formed earlier than on the control, for 12-15 days. Damage to plants by the stem nematode decreased by 60% in comparison with the control. Damage to plants and tubers by late blight was absent.

 The marketability of tubers from the experimental plots amounted to an average of 88%, they differed by a pronounced averaging in size without damage, while on the control plots the marketability was on average 34%.

When stored in an ordinary basement (6 - 9 ^o C), the tubers from the experimental plots were preserved until mid-April without damage, did not require fragments of stolons, and from the control plots, two fragments of stolons were required and the tubers damaged by rot made up 21.4%.

 Physiological studies conducted in laboratory conditions in 1992-1993 , confirmed the positive impact of the proposed composition on the performance of potatoes.

 In the table. Figure 4 shows the effect of the proposed composition and Krezacin separately (50 mg per 1 liter of solution) on the pigment content in potato leaves in mg / liter of aqueous extract.

The data were obtained with the following ratio of components in the composition (in g based on 10 l of solution):
for processing tubers (experiment 1)
Mival - 0.1, Krezacin - 0.4, PSK - 500.0;
for processing during the growing season (experiment 2)
Mival - 0.1, Krezacin - 0.05, PSK - 400.0.

 In both experiments, an organosilicon block copolymer of the BS-2 type with a polymer base was used as PSK.

 The treatment with the composition had a significant effect on the content of starch, vitamins and nitrates. For example, in the Gatchinsky variety, there was an increase in starch content from a control value of 17.2% to 20.9% and a decrease in nitrate content from 198 mg / kg to 131 mg / kg.

 Example 3. Research on sugar beets were conducted in the conditions of the Kuban in the period 1991-1992.

 Variety - "North Caucasian-42".

 When treating seeds with the composition, their germination and germination energy increased. Processing by vegetation in the phase of 3-4 leaves increases the yield and sugar content in the root crop.

 Data on yield and sugar content are presented in table. 5.

When processing the vegetation, a composition was used with the following content of components (in g per 10 l of solution):
Mival - 0.1, Krezacin - 0.05, PSK (softwood resin) - 500.0.

 For comparison, data are presented during treatment with Crezacin (50 mg in 1 liter of solution).

 Additional studies on sugar beets conducted at the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev in 1990-1992 showed that the activation of growth processes in the first stages of plant growth and development (the first critical phase) leads to an increase in the size of leaves, their number and to increased photosynthetic activity of the leaf apparatus and, as a result, to an increase in the yield of root crops. The inhibition of the growth of young leaves in the center of the outlet in the second critical phase was accompanied by cost savings of plastic substances, their additional redistribution to the storage organs of plants and, ultimately, to increase yields.

 The use of the proposed composition increased the resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors, since it facilitated the balancing of the growth and development of plants and had an adaptogenic effect, stabilizing the basic structures and metabolic systems of cells upon adverse conditions.

 Research on sugar beets, conducted in 1995 in Ukraine in the Zaporizhzhya region, Mikhailovsky district, showed that the seeds treated with the composition give more uniform and friendly seedlings with the formation of a powerful root system.

 When analyzing the state of plants during the period of intensive growth (the first ten days of August), it was noted that the weight of root crops in the experimental plot varied from 180 to 1100 g, the number of leaves on one plant was 18-24 pcs. with powerful and elastic leaf blades, thick petioles. In some plants, leaf damage by diseases up to 1 point was noted.

 In the control, these indicators were significantly lower, the weight of large root crops did not exceed 170-180 g, the number of leaves was 2 times less, and their condition was more depressed, the lesion was up to 3 points.

 When processing the composition, the sugar content in root crops was 15.2%, and in the control - 13.2%. The yield increase in relation to control (200-230 kg / ha) was 30-50 kg / ha.

 Example 4. Research on corn was carried out in the Crimea on the production crops of the farm "Memory of Lenin" Balaklava district in 1992

 Grade - "Odessa-10". Soil type - low humus, crushed, southern chernozems with lime content up to 40%, conditionally irrigated. The size of the experimental field is 140 ha, the control field is 25 ha.

 Fertilizers were applied under the main plowing (manure - 60 t / ha, phosphate - 2 kg / ha, potash - 1 kg / ha), nitrogen fertilizers in the form of top dressing - 2.5 kg / ha.

 Corn seeds were processed with the proposed composition before sowing. Plants were sprayed in a phase of 4-5 leaves, which coincided with the time of application of herbicides on crops against weeds.

 Stimulation of the growth and development of treated corn was noted.

 Plants on the experimental field were distinguished by more amicable and uniform seedlings, had a more intense green color, which indicated an improvement in photosynthesis and good digestibility of nutrition from the soil. Harvesting maize for silage in milk-wax ripeness (2nd decade of September) showed that the yield on the experimental field was 284 c / ha, and on the control - 156 c / ha (82.1% increase).

 Data from laboratory and vegetation studies at the Crimean Agricultural Institute showed that the mass of five plants from the experimental field was 3.2 kg, while in the control it was 1.8 kg, i.e. an increase of 78% was noted.

 In the table. Figure 6 shows the germination and productivity data obtained in the northern region on the basis of the Kurgan Research Institute of Land Use (1989) on the corn of the Dneprovsky-141 T hybrid.

In the experiment, the composition was used in the following ratio of components (in g per 10 l of solution):
Mival - 0.1, Krezacin - 2.0, PSK - 400.0, while BSK-2 type organosilicon block copolymer with a polymer base was used as PSK for seed treatment, and coniferous resin was used for vegetation.

 For comparison, data are presented when processed separately by Krezacin (50 mg in 1 liter of solution).

 There was an increase in yield of 20.8% and an increase in dry ears of 6.1%.

 Studies in 1991 at the Belgorod Agricultural Institute of research on the hybrid corn "Collective" showed that when the corn was treated with the proposed composition, the grain yield in the experimental field was 70.4 c / ha, while in the control - 62.7 c / ha ha, i.e. an increase of 12.3% was noted.

 The data obtained at the same institute in 1988-1989 confirming the positive reaction of various maize hybrids to treatment with the composition are presented below in table. 7.

In the experiments, a composition was used with the following ratio of components (in g, based on 10 l of solution):
Mival - 0.1, Krezacin - 2.0, PSK (organosilicon block copolymer type BS-2 with a polymer base) - 400.0.

 For comparison, data are presented when processed separately by Krezacin (50 g in 1 l of solution).

 Example 5. Studies on grain (spring and winter) crops were conducted during 1985-1995. in various regions. The following varieties of durum wheat were used: Bezenchukskaya-139, Kustanayskaya-1, Omsk Rubin, Sid-88; soft spring wheat: Saratov-29, Omskaya-18, Lutestens-232, Irtyshanka-10, Kazakhstan Early; spring barley: Donetsk-8, Cedar, Medicum, Karabalyksky-137; oats: Horse, Phobos, Irtysh-15.

 The most large-scale implementation was carried out in the Kustanai region (Kazakhstan) in 1994 on an area of about 35 thousand hectares.

 Seeds were treated with the proposed composition with a flow rate of working solution for wheat and rye 10 l / t of seeds, barley and oats 13-15 l / t of seeds.

Research on spring crops was carried out during seed treatment with a composition with the following ratio of components (in g per 10 l of solution):
Mival - 0.2, Krezacin - 2.0, PSK - 500.0;
on winter with:
Mival - 2.0, Krezacin - 0.4, PSK - 500.0.

 In all cases, the organosilicon block copolymer of the BS-2 type with a polymer base was used as PSC.

 The observations showed that for the cereal grains treated with the proposed composition, there may be some delay in the appearance of sprouts above the soil surface by 3-5 days compared to the control, while the analysis of the state of the grain in the soil showed active root formation and growth.

 With further development, in comparison with the control, an increase in the number of overground shoots was observed (tillering coefficient in the experiment was 2-4 and in the control 1-2) and their growth was outstripped.

 The number of productive shoots in the treated plants in comparison with the control is 2-2.5 times more. Their ripening is more uniform than in the control and 10-15 days shorter.

 During ontogenesis, the treated plants were characterized by intense green color, turgor and less damaged by disease, were more resistant in drought conditions.

 The yield increase on average for spring crops from 2.5 to 4.0 kg / ha in relation to the control with an average yield of 16-18 kg / ha.

 Studies on grain crops were also carried out in the conditions of summer-autumn drought in 1994 in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea in the Bakhchisarai district on an area of 2500 ha with crushed stone soils without irrigation. Winter wheat of the Bezostaya-1 variety and winter barley of the Cyclone and Klepininsky varieties were used.

 In the Lenin farm, the germination and development of winter wheat using the proposed composition was better than the control in all respects, namely in terms of seed germination energy, tillering coefficient, root system power, plant density, interfacial development and ripening periods, and the yield increase was 6 kg / ha with yield on control - 32 kg / ha.

 Grain quality is classified as valuable with a gluten content of 24% (control - 19%).

 Winter barley at the Burlyuk, Chapaev, Ilyich and others households gave an increase of 5 to 8 centner / ha with an average yield of 35-38 centner / ha.

 Example 6. Research on tobacco was carried out in the dry zone of Crimea, in the farm "Memory of Lenin", Balaklava district in the period 1987-1991.

 Tobacco seeds were treated with the composition for 30 minutes, and the flow rate of the working solution was 2.5 l / kg of seeds. Then the seeds were dried to flowability and sown in the seedling compartment. At a phase of 2-3 true leaves (before planting seedlings in 2-5 days), spraying was carried out at a flow rate of 300 l / ha.

Seed treatment was carried out with a composition with the following ratio of components (in g per 10 l of solution):
Mival - 1.0, Krezacin - 0.4, PSK - 400.0.

Processing vegetation was carried out by the composition:
Mival - 0.2, Krezacin - 2.0, PSK (organosilicon block copolymer type BS-2 with a polymer base) - 300.0.

 During the growing season, plants were sprayed with 4-5 leaves and 6-7 leaves at a flow rate of 400 l / ha.

 Observations showed that during the treatment with the composition under conditions of film greenhouses with caloriferous heating and hotbeds with electric heating, no fungal diseases were observed in plants, a powerful root system was built up, which accelerated the survival of seedlings during transplantation in the field. On the experimental fields there was less damage by the “broomrape” (top).

In the field, tobacco plants had a dark green color, showed resistance to fungal diseases, tolerated drought in soil and air more easily, resisted frosts reaching -3 ^o C.

 The yield of dry leaf averaged 14-16 c / ha, and the increase in relation to control was 2.6-4.0 c / ha.

 Qualitative indicators of tobacco leaf taken from experimental plots corresponded to the first grade, and in the control, to the second and third grades.

 Example 7. Studies on grapes were carried out in the foothills of the Crimea, Bakhchisarai district in the farm "Burliuk" in the period 1991-1993. on a total area of 31.4 hectares.

 Varieties were selected with relatively low winter hardiness, fruit bearing and productivity.

Processing the composition was carried out by tractor sprayers type OVT in 2-3 stages:
1st - before flowering in 5-10 days,
2nd - 20-30 days before ripening (before technical ripeness),
3rd - after harvesting (only in those areas where there is a threat of freezing of buds and shoots in the winter).

 In the table. 8 presents the obtained indicators for a number of technical and table grape varieties.

The data obtained using the composition with the following ratio of components (in g based on 10 l of solution):
Mival - 0.2, Krezacin - 0.3, PSK (resin of coniferous trees) - 400.0.

 For comparison, data are presented when processed separately by Krezacin (50 mg in 1 liter of solution).

 The data show that with a significant increase in yield (increase within 12-66 kg / ha), there was no noticeable increase in sugar concentration in berries.

 Studies have shown that the processing of grapes in the 1st stage before flowering improves the flowering, pollination and setting of berries. Bunches of grapes had a greater mass than in the control. In this case, there was no "peeling" of berries, especially in varieties of self-infertile type Chaush. Treated plants were less susceptible to fungal diseases.

 Processing in the 2nd stage allows you to accelerate the ripening process, to obtain more graded clusters in terms of size and weight, to acquire the color inherent in the variety. In this case, the berries are not susceptible to putrefactive diseases both in the field and during subsequent storage.

Processing at the 3rd stage increases the number of winter-hardy fruit buds and shoots. The shoots were frozen in laboratory conditions on varieties Muscat Hamburg and Fetyaska Belaya at temperatures of -21 and -23 ^o C, respectively, for 6 hours.

 At the same time, in the Muscat Hamburgsky variety, the safety of the central kidneys was 50% (all buds died in the control), 90% remained in the spare kidneys (55% in the control).

 In the Fetyaska Belaya variety, fruit-bearing shoots were preserved by 78%, and in the control, 44%.

 Example 8. Studies on sunflower conducted in 1995 in Ukraine in the Kirovograd region, Golovanevsky district in different farms showed that when processing the seeds with the proposed composition of seeds, more uniform, friendly seedlings were provided in comparison with the control.

Seeds were treated with a composition with the following ratio of components (in g per 10 l of solution):
Mival - 0.5, Krezacin - 3.0, PSK (organosilicon block copolymer type BS-2 with a polymer base) - 500.0.

 The formation of secondary roots began earlier by 7-10 days, and the root system itself was distinguished by a more powerful development.

 Plants were characterized by a thicker stem, increased leaf sizes, their number, more intense green color, the size of baskets and seed quality, accelerated (10-15 days) flowering and ripening. Plants showed higher resistance to disease and drought in the summer.

 The increase in the yield of sunflower in comparison with the control was 2.5–4 c / ha (the yield on the control was 18–20 c / ha).

 The presented examples confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed composition for improving the growth, development and quality of many crops in various climatic and soil conditions.

Sources of information
1. Nickell L.J. Plant Growth Regulators. Application in agriculture.- M .: Kolos, 1984, p. 190.

 2. Khanhodzhaeva D.A., Voronkov M.G. The effect of krezacin on the growth, development and productivity of cotton plants, Reports of the Academy of Sciences, General Biology, 1993, v. 333, No. 1, p. 124-126.

 3. Plant growth regulators. / Under. ed. V.S.Shevelukhi.- M .: Agropromizdat, 1990, p. 52-61.

 4. Voronkov M.G., Kuznetsov I.G., Dyakov V.M. A new biostimulant - mival in agriculture. - M.: Nauka, 1982, p. 87-99.

 5. The biological activity of the compounds of silicon, germanium and tin. Abstracts of the 4th All-Union Conference. - Irkutsk, 1990, p. 40.

 6. Chemical Encyclopedic Dictionary.- M.: Sauencyclopedia, 1983, p. 533.

 7. Copyright certificate N 1757559, cl. A 01 N 55/00, 1989.

Claims (4)

 1. Composition for improving the growth, development and quality of crops, containing in its aqueous solution the active ingredient synthetic phytohormone, tris (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium orthocresoxyacetate (Krezacin) and a film-forming component, characterized in that it further contains the active substance chloromethylsilatran (Mival) and as a film-forming component - a polymer binder composition (PSK) in the form of natural polymer organic resins of the most common conifers or a mixture of organosilicon block copolymer with a polymer polystyrene base.  2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as a polymer binder composition contains natural polymer organic resins of the most common conifers.  3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as the organosilicon block copolymer contains a polyoxyalkylene organosiloxane block copolymer. 4. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that for cotton the content of components per 10 l of solution for seed and vegetation is, g:
Mival - 0.1 - 3.0
Krezacin - 0.4 - 1.0
UCS - 400.0 - 500.0
5. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that for tubers and vegetables, the content of components per 10 l of solution for seed and vegetation is, g:
Mival - 0.001 - 0.1
Krezacin - 0.004 - 0.4
UCS - 400.0 - 600.0
6. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that for corn the content of components per 10 l of solution for seed and vegetation is, g:
Mival - 0.1 - 3.0
Krezacin - 0.4 - 2.0
UCS - 400.0 - 600.0
7. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that for legumes and cereals, the content of components per 10 l of solution for seed and vegetation is, g:
Mival - 0.1 - 2.0
Krezacin - 0.4 - 3.0
UCS - 400.0 - 600.0
8. The composition according to p. 1, characterized in that for tobacco the content of components per 10 l of solution for seed and vegetation is, g:
Mival - 0.1 - 1.0
Krezacin - 0.4 - 3.0
PSK - 300.0 - 400.0
9. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that for fruit crops and grapes, the content of components in the composition at the rate of 10 l of a solution for vegetation is, g:
Mival - 0.1 - 0.2
Krezacin - 0.3 - 0.4
UCS - 400.0 - 600.0
10. The composition according to p. 1, characterized in that for industrial crops (sunflower, castor oil, flax), the content of components per 10 l of solution for seed is, g:
Mival - 0.1 - 2.0
Krezacin - 0.4 - 3.0
PSK - 400.0 - 600.0 rub

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