RU2243659C1 - Method for enhancing resistance of agriculture plants against plant sickness and pest - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention describes a method involving treatment of planting material with the natural mineral bischofite solution in the concentration from 15 to 100 wt.-% and consumption 10-18 l/t of seeds. Method is used bischofite solution activated by magnetic field at power value 450-800 E for treatment of seeds that is used in vegetation (leaf feeding) feeding plants. Method provides enhancing resistance of cereal crops against sickness and pests of agricultural plants.

EFFECT: improved method for resistance.

23 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, preferably to technologies for the cultivation of cereals, legumes, cereals, industrial and vegetable crops under irrigation and rainfed farming.

Known drug for plant protection against diseases, containing an active principle based on a strain of the fungus Trihoderma and carbosyl cellulose, in which it additionally contains magnesium salts, and as an active principle, the biomass of the strain of the fungus Trihoderma virde Pers ex S.F. Cray 16 CCM F-59M in the following ratio of components, wt.%: The biomass of the fungus strain of the fungus Trihoderma virde Pers ex S.F. Cray 16 CCM F-59M 85-92; carboxymethyl cellulose 3-5; magnesium salts 5-10 (RU patent No. 2170511, CL. A 01 N 63/04, C N1 / 14, 1999).

The disadvantages of this drug include the use of expensive film-forming agents and magnesium salts, which with great success can be replaced by a solution of the natural mineral bischofite concentration of 12-24%. When treating seeds with this concentration, in turn for crops, there is no need for an expensive strain of the fungus Trihoderma virde Pers ex S.F. Cray 16 MF F-59M. The described drug solves only a partial question.

The essence of the claimed invention.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to create, on the basis of a simple natural preparation, a bischofite natural mineral brine with the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O, an agent for protecting agricultural plants from diseases and pests, applied to the leaf-stem surface of cultivated plants.

The technical result is an increase in cereal productivity, productivity of fodder agricultural and other crops.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of increasing resistance to diseases and pests of agricultural plants, comprising treating the seed with a solution of natural bischofite mineral with a concentration of 15 to 100 wt.% And a flow rate of 10-18 l / t of seeds, according to the invention, they use a bischofite solution activated by a magnetic field with a capacity of 450-800 Oe for seed treatment and used in the vegetative (non-root) dressing of plants.

Due to the fact that either bischofite brine (100 wt.%), Or its solution is activated by a magnetic field, when processing plants, the drug acquires new properties: both surface wettability and adhesion properties. The penetration of salts and trace elements from bischofite solution provides protection of the seed coat from agricultural pests and diseases. Micronutrients from the applied bischofite solution with this processing method contribute to better assimilation, and, in general, increase the yield of a wide range of agricultural crops. cultures.

The effectiveness of the proposed means of increasing plant resistance to pests and diseases is confirmed by data obtained on barley (tab. 1, 2), millet (tab. 4), winter wheat (tab. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), corn (tab. . 10, 11), chickpea (table. 12), sunflower (table. 13, 14, 17), on vegetable crops: tomatoes (table. 18, 23), cabbage (table. 19), cucumber (table. 20) , luke (tab. 21).

In addition, as shown in the table. 3 - in rice, table. 10 - on corn, tab. 12 - on chickpeas and tab. 13 and 17 on sunflower, bischofite is not inferior in effectiveness to various biorational products, including growth stimulants and bacterial drugs.

It should also be noted that additional vegetative treatment of sunflower plants with bischofite (Table 17) and tomato (Table 22) contributes not only to a further increase in plant productivity, but also to an additional reduction in plant damage by diseases and pests.

Increasing the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with bischofite brine is facilitated by its activation by a magnetic field (450-800 Oe), which is established on vegetable crops (Tables 18, 19, 20, 21).

Structural analysis of Donetsk 8 barley in SPK Rodina showed that, on average, in fields sown with seeds pre-treated with bischofite compared with the control (without treatment), the height of the barley plant increases by 0.053 m, the spike length by 0.012 m, the number of spikelets in an ear - by 2.5 pieces, the number of grains in an ear - by 4.8 pieces, and the number of underdeveloped spikelets in an ear decreases by 2.3 pieces. In this case, the damage to the ears of barley by the smut smut decreases from 0.15% to zero, and the aphid population decreases from 35.0 to 19.6%. In direct connection with the structure-forming factors of the crop is barley productivity, which increased from 0.80 t / ha to the control by 0.30 t / ha (Table 1).

The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds with bischofite was even higher established in the subsidiary of ZAO Korma, as a result of which the total number of stems per 1 m ² increased from 446 to 928 pieces, and productive ones - from 384 to 768 pieces, or 2 times. The height of the barley plant increases by 0.067 m, the spike length by 0.005 m, the weight of grain from 1 ear to 1.4 g, the number of grains in the ear by 1.4 pieces, the weight of 1000 grains per 1.0 g. The mass of straw increased by 2.3 times, and grain by 1.7 times. At the same time, the ratio of grain to straw from 1.27 approached the optimum - 1.05. The grain yield from 1.41 t / ha in the control increased to 2.38 t / ha or by 69%. The number of plants affected by smut smut was 0.025% in the control, while there was no bischofite seed treatment (Table 2).

Structural analysis of the rice crop of the N-561 variety showed that various biorational products used for presowing seed treatment contribute to plant thickening by 4-69% compared with the control, and stem density is 16-26% higher. In this case, the plant height increased most significantly during seed treatment with activated bischofite - by 0.22 m and non-activated bischofite - 0.16 m. The largest leaf area was observed during seed treatment with activated bischofite - 28800 m ² and placento 27000 m ² . The greatest grains of rice panicles were during the treatment of seeds with bischofite - 56 pieces and activated bischofite - 55 pieces, with 39 pieces in the control, while the grain content, respectively, was 19; 15 and 30%. Accounting for the crop showed that the highest yield of rice forms during seed treatment with activated bischofite - 4.53 t / ha, nikfan - 4.25, bischofite - 4.22, placentol - 4.18, agate 25 K - 4.12 and control 3.50 t / ha (table. 3).

An analysis of the yield structure of the millet of the Saratovskoye 6 variety in the Rodina joint venture in the Volgograd Region found that seed treatment with bischofite compared to seed treatment with formalin increased the number of plants per 1 m ² by 32 pieces, the productive bushiness by 0.3, the plant height by 0.128 m, panicle length - by 0.017 m, grain weight in panicle - by 0.31 g, weight of 1000 grains - by 0.8 g. Accounting for the crop showed a yield increase of 0.69 t / ha. The prevalence of smut plants in the control was 0.5%, while during seed treatment with bischofite was absent (Table 4).

By pre-sowing seed treatment of winter wheat seeds of the Gift of the Don variety at the Dubok peasant farm, high etching efficiency was established together with bischofite compared to super phenors, where the yield increase was 0.7 t / ha. The gluten content in grain increased from 18.0 in the control to 26.8% using bischofite, IDK from 70 to 85 units, vitreous content from 26.5 to 89.0%, weight of 1000 grains from 42.6 to 49.2 g, and the gluten content is from 9.7 to 12.8%. The defeat of plants by a smut smut was 0.005% in the control, while super seed was not observed when treating seeds with bischofite together with phenors (Table 5).

A slightly lower efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of the Gift Don variety was obtained in the State Unitary Enterprise “Plemzavod 2nd Five-Year Plan” with a decrease in the sowing rate compared to the optimal sowing rate (4.5 million seeds of germinating seeds / ha) when using raxil as seed dressing. At the same time, the number of grains per ear (+12.1 pieces), the weight of grain per 1 ear (+0.62 g), the weight of 1000 grains (+8.02 g) increased most significantly, which ensured an increase in grain yield in the amount of 0, 53 t / ha with a significant improvement in grain quality and a decrease of 5.0 times the damage to plants by smut smut (Table 6).

At Ipatovsky GSU, it was also possible to reduce the seeding rate by 15% compared to the optimal one (4.5 million units / ha) without significantly reducing the yield and grain quality of winter wheat varieties Dar Zernograd (Table 7). At the same time, when treating seeds with one bischofite, the plants were not affected by smut smut.

In Liman JSC, the increase in the yield of the Donskaya anniversary jubilee grain by adding 8 bischofite to the sumi solution amounted to 0.3 t / ha, the gluten content in the grain increased by 3.8%, glassiness by 13.5%, and protein by 2.1 % and a decrease in plant damage by smut smut by almost 4 times (table. 8).

In SEC “Polyvyansky”, pre-sowing seed treatment with bischofite compared to Vitavax etching thickened the number of plants per 33 plants / m ² while simultaneously increasing the plant height by 0.16 m, spike length by 0.010 m, weight of 10 ears per 0.9 g, weight 1000 grains per 0.5 g. Grain addition amounted to 0.28 t / ha with a simultaneous increase in the gluten content in grain by 2.0% and a decrease in the IDK by 15 units. (tab. 9).

In addition, it should be noted that in 2000, in the pre-sowing treatment with bischofite of seeds of winter wheat of the Donskaya Bezostaya variety in AOZT Rus in the Budenovsky district of the Stavropol Territory, leaf rust damage was 15%, while in the control (super seed treatment with phenorams super) - 45%. The grain yield in this case, respectively, amounted to 3.82 and 3.65 t / ha.

In CJSC Kuban, Korenovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, in the treatment of winter wheat seeds of the Polovchanka variety with a 20% bischofite solution, the addition of grain to control (seed treatment with fundozole) in 2001 was 0.31 t / ha with a harvest of 5.52 t / ha . The gluten content in the grain, respectively, was 21.4%, and the IDK - 90 units, against 20.6% and 80 units. on control. The defeat of plants by root rot was 5.6% in the control, decreasing to 3.2% due to the presowing treatment of seeds with bischofite.

A study of the effect of presowing treatment of seeds of corn of the hybrid Krasnodar 440 MB with various means showed that the highest field germination of seeds from all tested means (tigam, bischofite, urea, Mora salt) was noted during seed treatment with bischofite (76.5 and 87.1%). This seed treatment provided the lowest percentage of damage to corn plants by wireworm (3.4-12.5%) and the complete absence of plants damaged by cystic smut. Accounting for the yield of green mass showed that it was 4.83 t / ha in seed treatment with bischofite in 1989, against 3.36 t / ha in the control and 4.56 t / ha in seed treatment with tigam, and in 1990 . respectively - 6.53; 3.53 and 6.02 t / ha (Table 10).

By testing different concentrations of presowing seed treatment with bischofite on a hybrid of corn ROSS 331 MB, it was found that the maximum leaf area of one plant when treating seeds with TMTD is 0.59 m ² and when treating seeds with a 50% bischofite solution - 0.61 m ² ripeness, and when processing seeds with 30% solution - 0.67 and at 40% concentration - 0.65 m ² in the phase of the onset of panicle paniculation. Accounting for silage showed that the largest yield of green mass was when treating seeds with 40 and 50% bischofite solution - 58.2 and 56.8 t / ha against 32.0 t / ha in the control. At the same time, an increase in the concentration of bischofite from 30 to 50% increases the yield of ears of corn from 20.0 to 27.3 t / ha, while damage to plants of the cystic smut decreases from 10.0 to 6.0% at 14.0% in the control (table . eleven).

A study of the effect of using various biorational agents for pre-sowing treatment of sunflower seeds of the ultra-mature variety Photon showed that they contribute to an increase in the mass of 1000 seeds and huskiness of seeds compared to the control. So, on average for three years, the largest mass of 1000 seeds was 69.6 g when treating seeds with vitamin para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and 68.1 g when treating with bischofite. In turn, these agents had different effects on seed oiliness: dusting double superphosphate seed increases this indicator compared to the control by 0.7%, seed treatment with Aerosil with ivine does not affect the oil content of seeds, while seed treatment with vitamin PABA reduced oil content by 1.1%, and seed treatment with bischofite - by 2, 0% According to the effect on seed productivity, biorational products form the following decreasing row: dusting seeds with double superphosphate, vitamin PABA, aerosil with ivine, bischofite, control. The oil harvest, respectively, amounted to 1073, 990, 1004, 959 and 872 kg / ha (Table 13).

The study of the quality of the oil in this experiment showed that in the variant with pre-sowing seed treatment with bischofite, it is not inferior in quality to the oil obtained in the control (seed treatment TMTD, 3 kg / t + (Na + CMC), and slightly better oil quality due to the higher the content of unsaturated acids was on the option with pre-sowing seed treatment with Aerosil with ivine (table. 14).

The data in Table 15 show that due to the pre-sowing treatment of sunflower seeds with bio-rational agents in the kernels of sunflower seeds, the protein content and a number of interchangeable and irreplaceable amino acids increase.

For example, when treating seeds with bischofite, the content of aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, isolecin, leucine, phenylalanine and arginine increases in comparison with control in the seeds of sunflower seeds, whereas the contents of threonine and tyrosine did not change with control, and the content of histidine and lysine decreased slightly.

Thus, the largest amount of replaceable amino acids in comparison with the control was noted in the kernels of sunflower seeds treated with vitamin PABK-13,209 and 12,935 bischofite, and the essential amino acids, on the contrary, were 5,373 in the case of bischofite and 5,229% in the variant with PABK.

The maximum protein content in the core was 19% for the seed treatment with bischofite and PABA, and 51.0 and 49.2%, respectively, in the fat-free core residue.

Observations of plant damage by sclerotiniosis and rust showed that they fluctuate depending on prevailing weather conditions. On average, over three years, when seed was treated with double superphosphate, bischofite and vitamin PABA, no plant damage with sclerotiniosis was observed, while 0.25% of plants were affected in the control. The plants in the control were affected by rust 1.70%, and seed treatment with bischofite reduced this indicator by more than three times - 0.52%, while when treating seeds with double superphosphate, aerosil with yvin and vitamin PABA, it decreased to 1.57, respectively; 1.44 and 1.23% (table. 16).

In another experiment, studying the influence of biorational means during the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of the early-growing variety Kazachiy found that seed treatment with bischofite on average for three years contributed to the emergence of full seedlings one earlier and a delay in the ripening of sunflower by 2 days compared with the control. As a result, the growing season on this experiment lasted 121 days, while in the variants with agate-25 K treatment it was one, the symbiont four, and the force six days shorter (Table 17).

Accounting for the sunflower crop according to the experimental variants showed that the highest yield, 1.59-1.74 g / ha, was obtained in the variant of seed treatment with bischofite, bischofite mixed with Mora salt and additional processing of plants in these variants with bischofite in the basket formation phase.

The fat content in sunflower seeds obtained from treatment options with Mohr's salt, symbiont and snare increased by 0.5-0.8%, while agate-25 K and bischofite decreased by 1.6-2.2%.

Observations of the defeat of sunflower plants by diseases showed that their distribution in crops was small both in the years of research and on average for three years. The defeat of plants, for example, powdery mildew in the variant of seed treatment with various biorational agents decreased in comparison with the control by 0.2-2.2%, white and gray rot by 0.05-0.5%, and rust by 0.2- 0.4% only in variants with seed treatment with bischofite and silk. A slight decrease in plant damage by powdery mildew, basket rot and rust was observed only in variants with presowing seed treatment with bischofite.

A study of the presowing treatment of tomato seeds of the Precious Jewel 341 variety revealed that seed treatment with bischofite contributes to an increase in yield from 26.9 to 31.0 t / ha and up to 33.4 t / ha when using activated bischofite. The dry matter in the fruits, respectively, increased from 5.85 to 6.02 and 6.15%, the sugar content - from 3.4 to 3.5 and 3.6%, the vitamin C content from 20.8 to 22.5 and 23 , 2 mg%, and acidity decreased from 0.45 to 0.40 and 0.38% (Table 18).

By accounting for tomato plants affected by diseases, it was found that seed treatment with bischofite can reduce the blight of plants with late blight from 1.5 to 0.1% and up to 0.08% when activated bischofite is used, and the damage of plants with bollard is reduced from 0.8 to 0, respectively , 2 and 0.18%.

Processing of seeds of Amager 611 cabbage with bischofite provides yield growth from 30.4 t / ha in the control to 38.2 t / ha when treated with inactive bischofite and up to 40.8 t / ha with activated bischofite. The percentage of dry matter, respectively, was 10.8; 12.2 and 13.4, the total sugar content is 5.85; 6.69 and 6.98%, and vitamin C - 15.0; 17.8 and 18.8 mg%; safety four months after storage - 96.0; 97.3 and 98.0%.

The prevalence of powdery mildew plants in the control was 8.1%, when treated with bischofite, it decreases by 2.3 times, and by activated bischofite, by 3.0 times, the population of aphid plants decreases by 8.0 times, respectively (Table 19).

Processing seeds of cucumber Phoenix with bischofite helps to obtain full seedlings compared to the control two earlier (Table 20).

Accounting for the crop of cucumbers showed that in the control it is equal to 23.8 t / ha, increasing to 29.1 t / ha during seed treatment with inactive and up to 31.9 t / ha when treated with activated bischofite, while improving product quality. Observations of the spread of powdery mildew and downy mildew (transfer-porosis) showed that it was 15.6 and 3.7%, respectively, and was completely absent during seed treatment with bischofite. The population of aphid plants in the control was 10.1%, whereas when treated with bischofite, 0.3, and when treated with activated bischofite, 0.1% or 30.3 and 101.0 times less, respectively (Table 20).

Presowing treatment of onions of the Karatalsky variety with bischofite ensures full germination three days before the control, increasing the field germination of seeds to 56.2% when processing seeds with bischofite and up to 58.9% when processing seeds with activated bischofite.

In the control variant, the onion yield was 14.7 t / ha, while during seed treatment with bischofite - 17.2, and when treated with activated bischofite - 18.3 t / ha. The total sugar content was 7.01, respectively; 7.94 and 8.32%, and vitamin C - 44.17; 47.66 and 48.28 mg% (Table 21).

Observations of diseases onion showed that the control spread of downy mildew was 7.5%, and rust - 3.1%. Seed treatment with bischofite reduced these parameters to 3.8 and 1.5%, respectively, and seed treatment with activated bischofite to 3.2 and 1.0%.

A study of the effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment and vegetative treatment of plants with tomato bischofite Jewel 341 showed that, in two years, the average tomato yield in the control was 19.8 t / ha, with seed treatment with activated bischofite - 25.9 t / ha, and with seed treatment activated bischofite and two vegetative treatments of plants with bischofite - 29.4 t / ha. The sugar content was respectively 3.5; 3.6 and 3.7%, vitamin C - 21.1; 22.9; 23.8 mg%, and the acidity of 0.43, 0.39 and 0.37% (table. 22).

Observations of the development of diseases showed that the defeat of plants under the control of late blight was 1.95, and with a column - 1.3%, with seed treatment with activated bischofite, 0.2 and 0.17%, respectively, and with a combination of presowing seed treatment with activated bischofite with two vegetative treatments of plants with bischofite 0.18 and 0.09%.

The data in Table 23 show that the treatment of white mustard seeds of VNIIMK 517 with bischofite treated with a constant magnetic field of different strengths, in comparison with the control, increases the energy of germination and germination of seeds. Thus, an increase in the magnetic field strength from 200 to 600 Oe, used to treat bischofite, promotes the growth of germination energy from 74.0 to 75.1% at 73.8% in the control, while seed germination increases from 96.7 to 98, 6% with an increase in the magnetic field from 200 to 800 Oe versus 95.6% in the control.

Thus, the experimental data presented confirm the high efficiency of using the bischofite natural mineral activated by the magnetic field brine to reduce plant damage by pests and diseases while improving product quality and increasing crop yields.

Given the economic component, presowing treatment of seeds with bischofite is the most economically feasible, readily available, technologically easy to implement and environmentally attractive.

Table 1
Structural analysis of barley variety Donetsk 8, SEC "Rodina" Danilovsky district, 1999 No. p / p Fields Height
plants, m Spike length, m The number of spikelets in the ear, pcs. The number of grains in the ear, pcs. The number of underdeveloped spikelets, pcs. Smut,% Aphid population,% Productivity
t / ha 1. 320 ha without treatment 0.541 0,069 17.3 12.9 4.4 0.15 35 0.80 2. 196 ha, bischofite, 20% 0.572 0,077 19,4 17,2 2,3 0 twenty 1.14 3. 147 ha, bischofite, 20% 0,301 0,081 20,0 17.0 3.0 0 eighteen 1.09 4. 149 ha, bischofite, 20% 0.610 0,085 20,0 19.0 1,0 0 19 1.18 5. Bischofite average 0.594 0,081 19.8 17.7 2.0 0,0 19.6 1.10 table 2
The structure of the harvest of spring barley Donetsk 8 (DP ZAO "Feed" Gorodishchensky district), 2001 Indicator Pre-sowing seed treatment option The control Bischofite (30% solution) Number of Stems: total units / m ² 446 928 including productive 384 768 Plant height, m 0.736 0.803 Spike length, m 0.179 0.184 Weight 10 ears, g 8.9 10.6 The mass of grain with 10 ears, g 7.4 8.8 The number of grains in the ear, pcs. 15,5 16.9 Mass of 1000 grains, g 47.1 48.1 The weight of straw, g / m ² 212.5 430.9 Grain weight, g / m ² 269.1 453.6 Grain to straw ratio 1.27 1.05 Grain Harvest, t / ha 1.41 2,38 The number of plants affected by smut smut,% 0,025 0,0

Table 3
Structural analysis of rice crop, varieties N-561, VNIIOZ, 2001 Pre-sowing seed treatment option Number of plants per 1 m Plant height, m The number of stems per 1 m ² Assimilation surface of leaves, m ² The number of grains in a panicle, pcs. Pooledness,% Productivity, t / ha The control 168 0.560 380 16740 39 thirty 3,50 Bischofite - 55% 262 0.720 450 26520 56 19 4.22 Bischofite-55% + activation 285 0.780 480 28800 55 fifteen 4,53 Placentol 256 0.700 440 27000 53 23 4.18 Agate-25K 220 0.680 460 25800 51 26 4.12 Nikfan 175 0.690 450 26100 49 25 4.25 Control (water) 165 0.580 370 17410 41 32 3.6 Table 4
The influence of presowing seed treatment on the crop structure of millet cultivar Saratovskoe 6, SEC "Rodina" Danilovsky district, 1998 Pre-sowing seed treatment option The number of plants, pcs / m ² Productive
bushiness, pcs. Plant height, m Panicle length, m Weight
grains in a panicle, g Mass of 1000 grains, g Biological yield, g / ^m2 Grain Harvest, t / ha The prevalence of smut,% Control (formalin) 243 2,5 0.637 0.188 1,58 6.8 302.1 1.82 0.5 Bischofite, 30% 275 2,8 0.765 0.205 1.89 7.6 386.7 2,51 0,0

Table 5
The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds of the Gift of the Don variety in the farm "Dubok" Ipatovsky district of the Stavropol Territory, 2002 Indicator Pre-sowing seed treatment option control (phenoram super) bischofite + phenoram super Productivity, t / ha
Gluten content in grain,%
IDK, units
Glassiness,%
Mass of 1000 grains, g
Protein,% 4,50
18.0
70
26.5
42.6
9.7 5.20
26.8
85
89.0
49.2
12.8 The defeat of plants dust smut,% 0.005 0,0 Note: seed treatment with bischofite was carried out with a 25% solution at the rate of 12 l / t. Table 6
The yield structure of winter wheat plants of the Don Gift variety in the State Unitary Enterprise "Plemzavod 2nd Five-Year Plan" of the Ipatovsky District of the Stavropol Territory, 2002 Indicator Pre-sowing seed treatment option Raxil, 2.5 kg / t Bischofite + Raxil, 2.5 kg kg / t The number of productive stems, pcs / m ² 416 344 Plant height, m 0.66 0.71 Spike length, m 0,071 0,074 The number of underdeveloped spikelets in the ear, pcs. 2,5 1,0 The number of grains in the ear, pcs. 25.0 37.1 All grains in 1 ear, g 1.00 1,62 Mass of 1000 grains, g 51,2 59.2 Grain productivity, t / ha 2.29 2.82 Gluten content in grain,% 9.6 16.8 IDK.ed. tearing 75 Glassiness,% 14.5 38,0 Protein,% 8.44 8.95 The defeat of plants dust smut,% 0.019 0.0038 Seeding rate 235 kg / ha 200 kg / ha (4.5 million / ha) (3.8 million / ha) The predecessor - sainfoin (half-pair) Table 7
The structure of the crop of winter wheat plants of the Dar Zernograd variety at the Ipatovsky State Public Administration of the Stavropol Territory, 2002 Indicator Pre-sowing seed treatment option control (premium 200, 0.2 kg / t) bischofite (4.5 million hectares) bischofite (reduced sowing rate Bischofite (reduced seeding rate by 30%) The number of productive stems, pcs / m ² 672 613 602 522 Plant height, m 1,039 0.939 0.967 0.927 Spike length, m 0,067 0,083 0,078 0,0710 The number of underdeveloped spikelets in the ear, pcs. 2.68 1.96 2.44 2.68 The number of grains in the ear, pcs. 24.0 32.8 32.1 26.9 All grains in 1 ear, g 0.964 1,506 1,420 1,135 Mass of 1000 grains, g 47.4 52,5 51.3 55.2 Grain productivity, t / ha 4.62 4.82 4.75 4.70 Gluten content in grain,% 28.0 30,0 29.6 28.0 IDK, units 95 95 80 80 Glassiness,% 87.0 93.5 93.0 95.0 Protein,% 10.7 12,2 12.1 13.1
J, 1 The defeat of plants dust smut,% 0.0001 0 0 0 Forerunner - Black Steam
Note: seed treatment with bischofite was carried out with a 20% solution at the rate of 12-15 l / t. Table 8
The structure of the crop of winter wheat plants Don Jubilee in JSC "Liman" Ipatovsky district of the Stavropol Territory, 2002 Indicator Pre-sowing seed treatment option control (sumi 8, VSK) bischofite + sumi 8, VSK The number of productive stems, pcs / m ² 405 486 Plant height, m 0.866 0.973 Spike length, m 0,063 0,073 The number of underdeveloped spikelets in the ear, pcs. 3.48 3.40 The number of grains in the ear, pcs. 14.9 21.5 All grains in 1 ear, g 0.707 0.907 Mass of 1000 grains, g 51,2 51.1 Grain productivity, t / ha 2.28 2,58 Gluten content in grain,% 16,4 20,2 IDK, units 80 80 Glassiness,% 69.5 83.0 Protein,% 8.5 10.6 The defeat of plants dust smut,% 0.015 0.004 The predecessor is black steam

Table 9
The structure of the winter wheat crop of Don-93 variety in the SEC "Polyvyansky" of the Peschanokopsky district of the Rostov region, 2000 Indicator Pre-sowing seed treatment option control (vitavax) bischofite The number of plants, pcs / m ² 450 483 Plant height, m 1,04 1.20 Spike length, m 0,055 0,065 The number of spikelets in the ear, pcs. 12 14 The number of underdeveloped spikelets in the ear, pcs. 2 1 Grain weight 10 spikelets, g 4.9 5.8 Mass of 1000 grains, g 40.6 41.1 Productivity, t / ha 3.42 3.70 Gluten content in grain,% 23.7 25.3 IDK, units 95 80 Table 10
The effect of presowing seed treatment on field germination, damage by pests, disease prevalence and yield of the corn hybrid Krasnodar 440 MB, to them. Lenin Frolovsky district Option 1989 year 1990 g. Field germination,% Damage to wireworm,% 6-8 ind./m ² Bubble Smut,% Productivity
t / ha Field germination,% Damage to wireworm,% 3-5 ind./m ² Bubble Smut,% Productivity, t / ha The control 59.1 25.3 0.6 3.36 71.3 15,2 0.4 3.53 Tigam, 2 kg / t 70.1 15.6 0,0 4,56 83,2 5.5 0,0 6.02 Bischofite, 22% 76.5 12.5 0,0 4.83 87.1 3.4 0,0 6.53 Urea, 8% solution;
0.15 kg / t 64.3 17.8 0.3 4.47 72.6 10.1 0.1 6.21 Salt of Mora, 0.3% 62.5 23,4 0.2 4.38 73,2 12.9 0.1 6.16

Table 12
The structure of the chickpea crop of the Volgogradsky 10 variety, depending on the pre-sowing treatment of seeds (000 "Rotor" of the Kikvidzensky district), 2000 Indicator The control Agate-25K, 200 g / t Bischofite, 30% Plant density
pcs / m ² 14.3 15.0 15.8 Plant height, m 0.556 58.9 0.602 The number of beans per 1 plant, pcs. 55 58 59 The mass of seeds from 1 plant, g 13.6 14.1 14,4 Seed productivity, t / ha 1,04 1.28 1.32 The protein content in the seeds,% 18.63 21.28 20.47

Table 13
The influence of biorational products on seed quality and sunflower productivity, average for 1989-1991. (plant named after Leinan Frolovsky district) Option The mass of 1000 seeds, g Pudding,% Oil content of seeds,% Seed productivity, t / ha Oil collection, kg / ha The control 63.5 20.6 53.5 1.81 872 P ₂ O ₅ , 40 kg / t 66.8 21.9 54,2 2.20 1073 Bischofite, 6 l / t 68.1 21.8 51.5 2.07 959 Aerosil 5 kg / t + Ivin 67.4 21,4 53,4 2.09 1004 PABK; 0.2 kg / t 69.6 21.8 52,4 2.10 990 Table 14
The quality of sunflower oil, depending on the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with protective-stimulating agents, average for 1989 ... 1991 (collective farm named after Lenin of the Frolovsky district) Option The content of fatty acids in oil,% saturated acids unsaturated acids Total including Total including palmetic stearic oleinings linoleic The control 8.9 5.9 3.0 91.1 26.0 65.0 P ₂ O ₅ , 40 kg / t 8.6 5,6 3.0 91.4 29.7 61.8 Bischofite 8.6 6.0 2.6 91.4 26.0 65,4 Aerosil 5 kg / t + Ivin 7.9 5.9 2.0 92.1 25.3 66.8 PABK; 0.2 kg / t 9.8 6.0 3.8 90.2 29.8 60,4

Table 15
The protein and amino acid content, depending on the pre-sowing treatment of sunflower seeds, in% (average for 1989 ... 1991, collective farm named after Lenin of the Frolovsky district) Amino acid Option The control Dusting P ₂ O ₅ , 40 kg / t Bischofite Aerosil, 5 kg / t + Ivin PABK
0.2 kg / t Aspartic acid 1,613 1,728 1,892 1,575 1,984 Threonine 0.669 0.725 0.770 0.676 0.764 Serine 0.752 0.806 0.863 0.742 0.885 Glutamic acid 3,407 3,817 4,144 3,416 4,104 Proline 0.919 0.986 1,074 1.014 1,157 Glycine 1,034 1,137 1,136 1,096 1,222 Alanine 0.793 0.884 0.851 0,800 0.920 Valine 0.850 0.776 0.884 0.819 0.86.5 Isoleucine 0.646 0.667 0.779 0.625 0.751 Leucine 1,100 1,192 1.351 1,035 1,262 Tyrosine 0.519 0.394 0.524 0.343 0.515 Phenylalanine 0.831 0.880 0.954 0.771 0.916 Histidine 0.527 0.498 0.502 0.486 0.536 Lysine 0.644 0.630 0.635 0.588 0.671 Arginine 1,832 1,717 1,949 1,483 1,976 Amount of Essential Amino Acids 11,396 11,967 12,935 10,955 13,209 Amount of Essential Amino Acids 4,740 4,870 5,373 4,515 5,229 Amount 16,136 16,837 18,308 15,470 18,438 Core protein 16.9 17.6 19.0 16.1 19.0 Protein in a skimmed kernel 47.4 48.1 51.0 47.7 49.2

Table 16
The defeat of sunflower plants of the Photon variety with sclerotiniosis and rust, depending on the pre-sowing treatment of seeds, 1989 ... 1991. Option The defeat of plants with sclerotiniosis,% Damage to plants by rust,% 1989 year 1990 g. 1991 year average 1989 year 1990 g. 1991 year average The control 0.5 0.25 0,0 0.25 3.8 0.8 0.5 170 R ₂ O ₅ , 40 KG / T 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 3,5 0.75 0.47 1,57 Bischofite, 6 l / t 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,2 0.25 0.12 0.52 Aerosil 5 kg / t + Ivin 0.2 0,0 0,0 0,07 3,1 0.76 0.45 1.44 PABK; 0.2 kg / t 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 2.9 0.5 0.3 1.23 Table 17
Efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of sunflower seeds with bio-rational means, LLC "Rotor" of Kikvidzen district (average for 2000-2002) Option Seed productivity, t / ha Oil content of seeds,% The defeat of plants by diseases,% Growing season, days The duration of the seed-sprouting period. days powdery mildew white and gray rot rust,% The control 1.28 49.9 2,8 0.8 0.6 119 eleven Salt of Mora (0.4%) 1.44 50,4 2.6 0.75 0.8 119 eleven Bischofite (55%) + Mohr's salt (0.4%) 1.68 48.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 121 10 Bischofite (seed treatment) (55%) 1,59 47.8 0.7 0.4 0.3 121 10 Bischofite (55%) (seed treatment) + bischofite (plant treatment, 8%), 300 l / ha
1.74
47.7
0.8
0.39
0.4
121
10 Nikfan (0.01%) 1.51 49.8 2,3 0.9 0.6 119 eleven Agate-25K (2%) 1,57 47.7 2,5 0.7 0.8 120 eleven Placentol (0.004%) 1,53 48.6 2,4 0.6 0.7 119 eleven Symbiont (0.003%) 1,50 50,4 2,5 0.8 0.6 117 eleven Silk (0.05%) 1,50 50.7 1.4 0.5 0.3 115 eleven

Table 18
The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of tomato seeds of the variety Jewel 341, Gorodishchensky district (2001) Indicator Pre-sowing seed treatment option The control Bischofite, 85% solution from the starting brine Activated bischofite, 85% solution from the starting brine Dry matter% 5.85 6.02 6.15 Sugar,% 3.4 3,5 3.6 Acidity% 0.45 0.40 0.38 Vitamin C, mg% 20.8 22.5 23,2 Late blight,% 1,5 0.1 0.08 Column,% 0.8 0.2 0.18 Productivity, t / ha 26.9 31,0 33,4 Table 19
The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cabbage cultivar Amager 611 bischofite, Gorodishchensky district (2001) Indicator Pre-sowing seed treatment option The control Bischofite, 80% solution from the starting brine Activated bischofite, 80% solution from the starting brine Dry matter% 10.8 12,2 13.4 Total sugar,% 5.85 6.69 6.98 Vitamin C, mg% 15.0 17.8 18.8 Preservation four months after storage,% 96.0 97.3 98.0 Powdery Mildew,% 8.1 3,5 2.7 Cabbage aphid,% 4.0 0.5 0.5 Productivity, t / ha 30,4 38,2 40.8

Table 20
The effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment of cucumber F ₁ Phoenix bischofite, Gorodishchensky district (2001) Indicator Pre-sowing seed treatment option The control Bischofite, 100% brine Activated Bischofite, 100% Brine The duration of the period of sowing seedlings 10 8 8 Dry matter% 4.90 4.95 4.96 Total sugar,% 2.40 2,53 2,58 Vitamin C, mg% 13.7 14.8 15.4 Powdery Mildew,% 15.6 0,0 0,0 Downy mildew (oversporosis),% 3,7 0,0 0,0 Aphids (melon, etc.) 10.1 0.3 0.1 Productivity, t \ ha 23.8 29.1 31.9 Table 21
Efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of onion seeds of the Karatalsky bischofite variety, Gorodishchensky district (2000) Indicator Pre-sowing seed treatment option The control Bischofite, 75% solution from the starting brine Activated bischofite, 75% solution from the starting brine The duration of the period of sowing seedlings eighteen fifteen fifteen Field germination,% 46.7 56.2 58.9 Dry matter% 11.6 12.9 13,4 Total sugar,% 7.01 7.94 8.32 Vitamin C, mg% 44.17 47.66 48.28 Downy mildew (oversporosis),% 7.5 3.8 3.2 Rust% 3,1 1,5 1,0 Productivity, t \ ha 14.7 17,2 18.3

Table 22
Efficiency of pre-sowing seed treatment and vegetative treatment of plants with tomato bischofite Jewel 341, Gorodishchensky district (2001 ... 2002) Indicator Variant of pre-sowing seed treatment and vegetative treatment of plants The control Activated bischofite, 85% solution from the starting brine Activated bischofite, 85% solution from the initial brine + 2 vegetative treatments of plants, 2% (300 l / ha) Dry matter% 5.92 6.15 6.18 Sugar,% 3,5 3.6 3,7 Acidity% 0.43 0.39 0.37 Vitamin C, mg% 21.1 22.9 23.8 Late blight,% 195 0.2 0.18 Column,% 1.3 0.17 0.09 Productivity, t \ ha 19.8 25.9 29.4 Note: the first vegetative treatment of plants was carried out before flowering, the second after two to three weeks. Table 23
The effect of presowing treatment of mustard seeds of VNIIMK 517 variety on their sowing qualities depending on the treatment with bischofite treated with a constant magnetic field of different strengths, 2003 Option Germination energy,% Germination,% Presowing seed treatment with 30% bischofite solution (control) 73.8 95.6 200 bischofite treated with a constant magnetic field 74.0 95.6 300 bischofite treated with a constant magnetic field 74.5 96.9 400 bischofite treated with a constant magnetic field 74.8 97.1 500 bischofite treated with a constant magnetic field 75.0 97.5 600 bischofite treated with a constant magnetic field 75.1 97.8 700 bischofite treated with a constant magnetic field 74.9 98.2 800 bischofite treated with a constant magnetic field 74,4 98.6 900 bischofite treated with a constant magnetic field 74.1 97.8
-} 1000 bischofite treated with a constant magnetic field 73.9 97.2

Claims (1)

A method of increasing resistance to diseases and pests of agricultural plants, including the treatment of seed with a solution of natural bischofite mineral with a concentration of 15 to 100 wt.% And a flow rate of 10-18 l / t of seeds, in which a bischofite solution activated by a magnetic field with a power of 450-800 Oe, used in vegetative (non-root) plant nutrition.