RU2785458C1 - Method for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. A method for pre-sowing treatment of crop seeds is proposed, according to which spring barley used for sowing is treated with physiologically active preparations Gumi, or Fitosporin, or Albit, or Dividend Star. The treated seeds are then treated with a magnetic field by passing the seeds from top to bottom through a loading funnel fixed from above to a vertical rectangular installation consisting of two side walls in the form of membranes with magnetic plates fixed to them with equal intervals between them. The time of movement of seeds with an exposure of 2 s. The speed of movement of the seeds is constant and the seeds flow by gravity towards the receiving tank and are treated with a magnetic field with a power of 50±10 Oe.

EFFECT: invention provides better seed germination and plant growth at the initial stage of their development.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture in the field of crop production, in particular to pre-sowing treatment of seeds with physiologically active preparations and a gradient magnetic field of barley seeds for the purpose of seed germination and plant development in the early stages of ontogenesis.

The problem of providing a young plant with the necessary substances in an active and accessible form during the period of seed germination remains relevant for many years. Currently, new methods and approaches are required to solve it. Among the modern developments of such a plan, there is a technology patented in the USA for presowing seed treatment with environmentally friendly multicomponent polyfunctional nanosystems - nanoparticles that include modified natural components (produced by modified minerals, activated carbons, oligopolies - and aminosaccharides, omigochitosans and preparations based on them) and others. physiologically active substances (Ruban J.V., Voropaeva N.I., Figovsky O.L., et.al./Biologically active multifunetional nanochips and method application thereof for production of high-guality seed//Pament US 2459518. - GAU: 3644, USA. - 2012; Voropaeva N., Karpachev V., Varlamov V., Varlamov V., Figovsk O.. Influence of efficient, multicomponent, polyfunctional, physiologically active (nano) chips with herbicide activity on rice crop grouth, development, yield and on weed geowth inhiditi on //Jnternational Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astranomy, 2014, No. 7, pp. 62-68)/.

From the sources of patent information, a method of presowing treatment of barley seeds is known, including moistening the seeds, disinfecting the seeds in an electromagnetic field, characterized in that the seeds are moistened with water at a temperature of 24 ° C for 10 minutes at a ratio of 540 W, with an exposure of 60-90 s at a final temperature seeds 46.5-52.3°С (Patent RU No. 2304372, А01С 1/00 dated 10.11.2005). EFFECT: invention improves the quality of seed treatment before sowing, i.e. increasing the sowing and financial and sanitary properties of seeds due to their disinfection in a microwave field.

It should be noted that the magnetic field can affect the rate of miposis, the rate of assimilation of reserve nutrients, the intensity of respiration, RNA photosynthesis, cell hydration, and the ratio of free and bound water in them, that is, almost the entire complex of processes and reactions that determine ontogeny. In addition, the emergence of induction resistance to diseases in plants is also noted.

It is known that one of the causes of physiological changes that occur in plant seeds is the induction of MP. It occurs when biological objects move in an alternating (gradient) magnetic field. (E.V. Kleimentov. Energy-saving method in the treatment of seeds with magnetic fields // Abstracts of the report. All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conf. Resource-saving techniques and technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops. - Ryazan. - 1998. - P. 75-77).

Despite the availability of known experimental materials, at present, there are no convincing explanations for the reasons for the interaction of MPs with biological systems for additional effects on presowing seed treatment. As such systems for dressing barley seeds, you can use such environmentally friendly preparations as Gumi, Fitosporin, Albit and Dividend Star in combination with a gradient field.

A known method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cereals, legumes, cereals and oilseeds, including the treatment of seed with a solution of natural mineral bischofite, seed treatment is carried out with a solution of bischofite with a concentration of 15-100 wt. % of the initial brine and a consumption of 10-15 l / t of seeds, taking into account the type of achenes, their germination, germination energy and density of the bischofite brine, while the bischofite brine used for seed treatment is activated by a magnetic field with a power of 200 ... 450 Oe (Patent RU No. 2224399, А01С 1/00 dated February 27, 2004).

A known method of pre-sowing treatment of plant seeds, which consists in the impact of a magnetic field on seeds that are in a state of biological dormancy, while the seeds are placed before treatment with a magnetic field with a technological medium consisting of water and natural mineral powder, including the following chemical elements, wt. %: Si 10-13; A1 7-8; Fe 7-8; Mg 8-9; Ca 0.01; Mn 0.1; K 0.3; Na 0.2, at a concentration of 0.01 wt. %, and the processing is carried out by a variable alternating modified magnetic field (Patent RU No. 2254698, A01C 1/00, A01C 1/06 dated 06/27/2005).

A known method of presowing treatment of seeds of spring strong wheat, including presowing treatment of seed with an aqueous suspension of biologically active nanoparticles of iron and silicon oxide, seeds of spring strong wheat Southeast 2 are used as seed, a suspension containing ultrafine nanoparticles in the complex together with SiO is used in the treatment. ₂ × Fe with a size of 40.9 ± 0.6 and 90 ± 5 nm, respectively, in a percentage equal to 60 and 40 at a dosage of at least 0.001 wt. % in a mixture with ECA-stabilized aqueous catalyte with pH 8 and Eh=-400+-500 mV, obtained in a vacuum environment at a pressure of 650=680 mm RT. Art. with simultaneous mixing in a drum with a rotation speed of 10 rpm for 10-20 minutes, while before applying the suspension, the seeds are treated with Fitosporin-M at a dosage of 1.5 g / l, at a flow rate of 100-150 ml per 100 g of seeds (Patent RU No. 2700616, А01С 1/00, А01С 1/08 dated 09/18/2019).

The disadvantages of analogs of all known methods of pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds is their insufficiently effective effect on the germination of barley seeds, the growth of roots and seedlings.

A known method of pre-sowing treatment of barley, including pre-heating seeds and water to 25-30°C, moistening the seeds to a moisture content of 21%, disinfecting the seeds in an electromagnetic field and drying them in an electromagnetic field with a guide field, half as much, with an adsorbent heated to 45 -50°C (Patent No. 1655326, А01С 1/08 dated 06/15/1991).

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity, as well as the lack of information about the infection of seeds with microflora after their treatment.

A known method of pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds, including moistening the seeds, disinfecting the seeds in an electromagnetic field, the seeds are moistened with water at a temperature of 24 ° C for 10 minutes at a ratio of seeds : water = 4: 1, respectively, then treated in a microwave field with a power of 540 W , exposure 60-90 s at a final seed temperature of 46.5-52.3°C (Patent RU No. 2304372, A01C 1/00 dated 20.08.2007).

The disadvantage is its insufficiently effective influence on the germination of seeds, the growth of roots and seedlings.

The closest technical solution is the method of pre-sowing treatment of rapeseed seeds with an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency, while the seeds are moistened for 3 minutes to a moisture content of 14%, and then treated with an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency with a specific power of 509 W/dm, treatment exposure of 90 s, to the final seed heating temperature of 31.25°C Patent RU No. 2393662, A01C 1/00 dated November 10, 2009).

The method makes it possible to remove infections such as Alternaria, Fusarium and bacteriosis during seed treatment and neutralize rapeseed seeds by 60% to the expected fuller effect. At the same time, it uses one factor of neutralization from diseases and does not take into account the combined physically active substances for an additional mechanism for stimulating growth processes with biologically active preparations: Gumi, or Photosporin, or Albit, or Dividend Star (as a standard); factor B - presowing treatment of seeds with a gradient magnetic field with a power of, for example, 50 ± 10 Oe (Oerstel), on a magnetic module, which is described by the authors below in the description, i.e. drugs of particular interest mentioned above.

The proposed drugs have not previously been used, although there are known methods of pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds.

As for the well-known prototype of the application of the electromagnetic field, this differs from our proposal as a magnetic field gradient (a constant magnetic field when an object moves relative to the poles of a permanent magnet).

The technical objective of the present invention is to reduce the cost of the method, which improves the germination of seeds and contributes to the successful development of plants in the first stages of development due to their more active disinfection, increasing its efficiency and environmental safety.

The essence of the claimed invention as a technical solution is expressed in the following set of essential features sufficient to achieve the above technical result provided by the invention.

According to the invention, a method for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain crops, characterized in that those used for sowing grain crops in the form of spring barley are treated with physiologically active preparations Gumi, or Fitosporin, or Albit, or Dividend Star at a dose of: Gumi - 300 g/t; Phytosporin - 500 g/t; Albit - 30 g/t; Dividend Star - 1.5 kg / t, treated seeds are then treated with a magnetic field by passing the seeds from top to bottom through a hopper fixed from above to a vertical rectangular installation consisting of two side walls in the form of membranes with magnetic plates fixed to them at regular intervals between them, while the time of movement of the seeds with an exposure of 2 s, the speed of movement of the seeds is constant and the seeds flow by gravity towards the receiving tank and are treated with a magnetic field with a power of 50 ± 10 Oe.

The immediate technical result, achieved by using a set of essential features of the proposed technical solution, is that using the treatment of seeds with physiologically active substances of preparations: Gumi, or Fitosporin, or Albit, or Dividend Star and a gradient magnetic field in combination with a simple installation of a magnetic module , some structure is formed as one of the causes of physiological changes that occur in plant seeds in the form of an induced MF. This facilitates the germination of seeds and the growth of plants at the initial stage of their development. Increases their competitiveness in relation to weed seeds and protects the seeds of cultivated plants from harmful effects. The described approach turned out to be feasible, since the authors of the claimed methodology have research experience at the Department of Agronomy and Agrotechnologies of the Agrotechnological Experimental Station of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education RSATU, in 2011-2017.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by a graphic drawing of the magnetic module (figure 1), which contains a vertical rectangular installation 1 (column) made of two side walls in the form of a membrane 2 on which magnetic plates 3, a hopper 4 and a receiving container 5 are fixed. The installation is made in the form of a magnetic module with dimensions: length - 20 cm; width - 20 cm; height - 30 cm. The magnet plates 3 are 3 cm wide, the depth is 1 cm. In this case, the magnet plates 3 are attached to the membrane walls at equal intervals along the installation height.

The implementation of the claimed method is confirmed by the following methods of its practical implementation.

The experiment was based on a two-factor scheme: factor A - pre-sowing treatment of seeds (1 day earlier before sowing) with biologically active drugs at a dose of: Gumi - 300 g/t; Phytosporin - 500 g/t; Albit - 30 3/t; Dividend Star (standard) - 1.5 kg/t.; factor B - pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a gradient magnetic field with a power of 50 ± 10 Oe (Eerstel).

After dressing, the seeds of spring barley were passed in motion from top to bottom through the magnetic module 1 (device), the movement of the seeds amounted to an exposure of 2 s, the speed of movement of the seeds is constant, and the seeds flow by gravity towards the receiving tank 5.

The technology of cultivation of spring barley in the experiments corresponded to the recommendations of the zonal system of the Ryazan region for 2011-2017. The experimental plots were harvested with a Sampo-130 combine.

The experience is small-plot, the sown area of one plot is 25 m, the accounting area of the plot is 10 m ² . Repetition 4-fold. The placement of study options is randomized.

During the research period, spring barley was placed after its predecessor - a fallow field. Sowing of seeds was carried out in a continuous ordinary way.

The climate in the experimental area was characterized as arid and hot (HTC-0.6) in 2011-2014. According to the years of research: in 2012 (HTC-1.1) with normal temperature and humidity, in 2015-2017 - rainy and warm (GTK-1.5).

The study of changes in the sowing qualities of barley seeds are given depending on the variant of pre-sowing treatment, the average for the research period of 2011-2017 (table 1).

The biometric indicators of the seedling (germination energy, germination) showed that in the treated seeds, the germination energy, one of the main indicators that determines the friendliness of the emergence of seedlings, was higher in the laboratory compared to the control in all variants of the experiments, which is very important for the subsequent formation of cynosis. .

An important indicator of sowing qualities is the strength of growth, which is determined by the length of the sprouts that have made their way above the soil surface and the weight of their green mass.

So, according to the options without seed treatment with biologically active preparations and a magnetic field gradient, the germination energy was 70%, seed treatment with Gumi increased it by 16%. Biological preparations Fitosporin and Albit provided seed germination energy at the level of 84% and 82%, respectively.

An analysis of the joint use of a certain treatment of spring barley seeds with the studied preparations and their treatment with a gradient magnetic field with a power of 50 ± 10 Oe also established a positive effect.

When seeds were magnetized by a magnetic field in the variant without presowing seed treatment with biological preparations, there was a noticeable increase in germination energy up to 78%, which is 8% higher than the values of this indicator in the experiment without seeds magnetization. In the variants of presowing treatment of spring barley seeds with Gumi and Fitosporin in combination with the treatment of seeds with GrMP, this maximum figure was 88%.

Magnetization of seeds with a gradient field against the background of the use of the biologically active drug Albit led to an insignificant indicator of this indicator in comparison with a single-factor effect, a decrease in the germination energy indicator, which amounted to 80%. This was 2% lower than in the variant without seed magnetization.

The biometric parameters of the sprout sprout (the length of the roots and sprouts) were assessed on the 7th day after sowing in a thin layer of soil. At the same time, in the variant of the experiment without presowing treatment of seeds with the studied preparations and magnetization, it amounted to 87%.

Presowing treatment of spring barley seeds with Gumi increased the laboratory germination rate to 93%.

The preparations Fistoporin and Albit also contributed to an increase in laboratory germination by 4% compared to the variant without treatment.

When using presowing treatment of barley seeds with a complex of studied methods, the indicators of laboratory germination were much higher in comparison with the options without presowing treatment of seeds with a gradient magnetic field.

It follows that the Gumi preparation with subsequent magnetization of spring barley seeds increases the laboratory germination by 9%.

When seeds were treated with biological preparations Fitosporin and Albit in combination with GrMP, laboratory germination was 94 and 93%, respectively (Table 2).

It should be noted that the magnetization of seeds without the use of biologically active preparations did not have a noticeable effect on the value of laboratory germination and practically corresponded to the variant with the control.

Studies have established that with the use of a gradient magnetic field with a power of 50 ± 10 Oe in the presowing treatment of seeds, the stimulating effect on the intensity of germination of barley grains increased markedly.

It should be noted that only with magnetization, the seeds germinated with 3.8 germinal roots, which was 1.4 times more than in the variant without treatments. At the same time, in the combined variants of the experiment, with the use of GrMP for the studied preparations, the number of roots formed during germination increased only in the variant with the use of the Gumi preparation.

Thus, the indicator - root growth - is also quite interesting in our experiment, i.e. they received additional nutrition in the form of study preparations, which has a positive effect on root growth.

In the phase of milky ripeness, the height of the plants reached its maximum. In the variant without seed treatment, it was at the level of 67.4 cm. The use of GrMP in presowing seed treatment without the use of the studied preparations did not show a noticeable change in plant height. At the same time, it was found that the most effective in terms of influencing the biometric parameters of plants was the variant of treating barley seeds before sowing with the use of the Gumi preparation in its pure form and in combination, respectively.

Studies have established a positive correlation of such parameters as the size of the flag leaf and the length of the ear (figure 2).

It was found that the largest area of the flag leaf was formed in plants whose seeds were treated with Gumi before sowing, its value was 7.2 cm ² . When combining the treatment with magnetization, this indicator increased to 7.3 cm ² , which is more than 1.3 cm ² in comparison with the control variant.

The use of all studied drugs on average over the years of research did not have a significant effect on the protein content in the grain, which ranged from 12.7 to 13.48%. However, it should be noted a slight increase in the protein content in the variant with the use of the Gumi preparation, where the increase to the control was 3.2%.

According to the studies, on average, the largest increase in yield in relation to the control (by 19.9-20.4%) on the variants with the treatment of seeds with a magnet was obtained with an exposure of 2 s.

The effect of presowing seed treatment on the yield of spring barley is shown (table 3).

According to the research results, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Albit also resulted in a yield increase of 15.8%. Thus, the analysis of productivity elements showed that the yield was formed due to a higher plant density by the time of harvesting and a more intensive degree of tillering of plants, in comparison with the control, which means large grains and better indicators of productive stalk.

Claims (1)

A method for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, characterized in that the crops used for sowing in the form of spring barley are treated with physiologically active preparations Gumi, or Fitosporin, or Albit, or Dividend Star at a dose of: Gumi - 300 g/t; Phytosporin - 500 g/t; Albit - 30 g/t; Dividend Star - 1.5 kg / t, treated seeds are then treated with a magnetic field by passing the seeds from top to bottom through a hopper fixed from above to a vertical rectangular installation consisting of two side walls in the form of membranes with magnetic plates fixed to them at regular intervals between them, while the time of movement of the seeds with an exposure of 2 s, the speed of movement of the seeds is constant and the seeds flow by gravity towards the receiving tank and are treated with a magnetic field with a power of 50 ± 10 Oe.

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