RU2700616C1 - Pre-sowing treatment method of spring strong wheat seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to new growth regulators, which can be used for pre-sowing treatment of cereal crops seeds, mainly wheat. Method for pre-sowing treatment of spring strong wheat South-East 2 includes treatment with suspension using SiO₂ nanoparticles and Fe with size of, respectively, 40.9±0.6 and 90±0.5 nm with their optimum concentration of 0.27 and 0.18 g/l in a mixture with ECA aqueous catholyte with pH 8 and Eh=-400÷-500 mV. Suspension is obtained in a vacuum medium at pressure of 650–680 mm Hg. with simultaneous mixing in a drum with a rotation frequency of 10 rpm for 10–20 minutes, and before using the suspension, the seeds are treated with a preparation of Phytosporin-M in dose of 1.5 g/l with consumption of 100–150 ml per 100 g of seeds.

EFFECT: proposed method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds provides higher sprouting energy, emergence and morphological characteristics of wheat seedlings.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to new growth regulators that can be used for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain crops, mainly wheat. This is achieved by stimulating the germination and germination energy of spring strong wheat seeds, in which an ultrafine mixture of nanoparticles consisting of SiO ₂ × Fe, respectively, with a size of 40.9 ± 0.6 and 90 ± 0.5 nm at a percentage of SiO is used in the suspension ₂ to Fe equal to 60 by 40, at a dosage to the solution of at least 0.001 wt. % in a mixture with ECA stabilized aqueous catholyte with pH 8 and Eh = -400 ... -500 mV. Seed treatment is carried out in a vacuum environment at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg. with stirring with a drum rotation speed of 10 rpm for 10-20 minutes

Using the achievements of nanotechnology of seed treatment application together with the activation method by using stabilized ECA of catholyte as a doping property to overcome the negative impact [10], it is possible to significantly increase the germination energy and seed germination [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , 7, 8, 9].

It is known that a lack of silicon inhibits the growth and development of plants, increases their susceptibility to stressful situations, to diseases and pests. Conclusions of leading world scientists put the properties of silicon in first place [13]. With the improvement of silicon nutrition in cereal plants, the efficiency of photosynthesis and the activity of the root system increase [14].

It is also known the exciting effect of iron nanoparticles on increasing the energy of germination and germination of seeds, which is confirmed by numerous research results [6, 7, 8, 9].

An analogue to the effect of ECA of catholyte [14] is the electrical stimulation of seeds by treating them with ions of negative polarity, presented in detail in A.L. Chizhevsky [12].

So, in the experiment on durum wheat at a dosage of negative polarity with aerosols for 4 minutes, the germination rate was 22% compared with the control. Wheat seeds responded best to an 8-minute exposure based on their quality. Efficiency reduces the density and thickness of the seed coat, grain moisture, fat content. The protein particles in the grain carry a negative charge, and the optimal dosage of negative polarity accelerates cell reactions [12].

To solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of the application of the presented methods, we propose to combine their effect with the vacuum treatment of spring wheat seeds [6, 7, 8, 9, 15].

The closest technical solutions claimed by us inventions are methods [6, 7, 9, 12, 15].

An analysis of the available sources of information did not reveal the use of iron nanoparticles of Fe and silicon oxide SiO ₂ mixed with catholyte when processed in a vacuum environment, as a way of biostimulating the germination of spring strong wheat seeds. Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the patentability of "novelty."

The method was developed on the basis of the center "Nanotechnology in agriculture" of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The experimental design (table. 1):

- control - soaking - seed treatment in tap water with a pH of 8 and Eh = + 200 ... + 250 mV;

- experimental options - soaking - seed treatment in solutions of the claimed suspensions in the accepted concentrations (doses).

During the study, it was taken into account that the contamination of grain crops with molds and bacteria in the Russian Federation is 60-80% [16] therefore, for bioprotection during presowing treatment of seeds, a solution of the Fitosporin-M preparation was used (state registration number 1676-09-307-006- 0031, manufactured by BashIncom) at a dose of 1.5 g / l, at a flow rate of 100-150 ml per 100 g of seeds. Increased efficiency due to the content of sodium humates (90%).

For the experiment, we used a mixture of nanoparticles consisting of SiO ₂ × Fe in a ratio of 60/40%, manufactured by ADVANSED POWDER TECHNOLOGIES LLC (Russia, Tomsk, Akademicheskaya St., 8/2) and PLASMOTERM (Russia, Moscow, Tarutinskaya St., 1).

Sample preparation of nanoparticles was carried out by dispersing in a catalite on an ultrasonic disperser UP50H (hielscher, Ultrasound Technology, Germany) for 30 min.

The characteristic of nanoparticles:

Seeds were treated with a suspension of nanoparticles and Phytosporin-M in stabilized catalyte at the rate of 0.18 mg / kg of seed weight in a volume of 500 ml.

The concentration of Fe and SiO ₂ nanoparticles is taken based on the data of patent RU No. 2635103, as a prototype [7].

Glycine at a concentration of 0.01 wt% was used as an ECA stabilizer for the cathode aqueous solution. %, which is an amino acid from the group of polar uncharged amino acids, which guaranteed the safety of its doping properties of pH 8 and Eh = -400 ... -500 mV during the experiment for 7-8 days, in addition, the solution exhibits high antimicrobial and antifungal activity [6, 10].

Studies were carried out in a laboratory experiment in Petri dishes, a bed for seeds - two layers of filter paper. 50 pieces were placed in each cup. seed. Exposure to the processing of wheat seeds for 10-20 minutes

Germination energy was determined on the 4th day, germination - on the 8th. When determining germination, the germination energy was determined.

The effect of presowing treatment was studied on spring strong wheat Southeast 2 [11].

The results of a comparative study are given in table 1.

A clear advantage in germination energy, germination and morphological parameters of wheat seedlings was in the 4th variant.

Thus, the proposed method for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring strong wheat Southeast 2 allows you to reduce the influence of negative weather conditions in the Orenburg Urals, the zone of risky farming and can be recommended for practical use.

List of references

1. Kovalenko L.V., Folmanis G.E. Activation of seed germination by ultrafine iron powders // Achievements of science and technology of the agricultural sector. 2001. No. 9. S. 7-8.

2. Vinogradova D.L., Malyshev R.A., Folmanis G.E. Economic aspects of the use of nanotechnology in agriculture / ed. edited by G.V. Pavlova - M .: Research Center for the Problems of Quality of Training of Specialists. 2005.S. 8-34.

3. Kovalenko L.V., Folmanis G.E. Biologically active nanopowders of iron. M .: Nauka, 2006.124 s.

4. Deryabin T.D. Safety assessment of ions, nano- and microparticles of iron and copper in the test of seed germination Triticum aestivum // Bulletin of the Orenburg State University. 2011, No 12 (131). S. 386-389.

5. Kalunyants K.A., Kochetkova A.A., Sushenkova O.A. et al. Intensification of technological processes of grain processing by electrochemical influence // Meeting on electrochemical activation of media: abstracts. - All-Union Chemical Society. DI. Mendeleev, 1987 .-- p. 83.

6. Patent RU No. 2582499. Published on April 27th, 2016. Bull. No. 12.

7. Patent RU No. 2635103. Published on November 9th, 2017. Bull. No. 31 (prototype).

8. Patent RU No. 2623471. Published on June 26th, 2017. Bull. No.

9. Patent RU No. 2627556. Published on June 8th, 2017. Bull. No.

10. Patent RU No. 2234945. Published on August 27, 2004. Bull. Number 14

11. Patent for the selection achievement of the Russian Federation No. 0801 Spring durum wheat Southeast 2. Registered on 12/05/1996.

12. Chizhevsky A.L. Aeroionification in the national economy. M .: Gosplaniz-dat, 1960.S. 531-557.

13. Ma J.F. et. al. (2004) Charactrization of Si uptake system and molecular mapping of si transporter gene in rice. Plant Physiol. 136. 3284-3289.

14. Wang S.Y., Galleta G.Y. / Foliar application of potassium silicate induces metabolic changes in strawberry plants. Jounal of Plant Nutrition. Vol 21. Iss. 1, 1998.

15. Patent RU No. 2429592. Published on September 27th, 2011. Bull. No.

16. Gorobey I.M., Ashmarina L.F. Contamination of leguminous and fodder crops with toxogenic fungi in Western Siberia. // Agrarian Bulletin of the South-East. 2009. No3. S. 55-56.

Claims (2)

1. The method of pre-sowing treatment of spring strong wheat seeds, including pre-sowing treatment of the sowing material with an aqueous suspension of biologically active iron and silicon oxide nanoparticles, characterized in that the seeds of spring strong wheat Southeast 2 are used as the sowing material, a suspension containing ultrafine is used in the processing nanoparticles in the complex together SiO ₂ × Fe with sizes of 40.9 ± 0.6 and 90 ± 0.5 nm, respectively, in a percentage ratio of 60 to 40 with a dosage of at least 0.001 mass. % in a mixture with ECA-stabilized aqueous catholyte with pH 8 and Eh = -400 ÷ -500 mV, obtained in a vacuum medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg with simultaneous stirring in a drum with a rotation speed of 10 rpm for 10-20 minutes, while before applying the suspension, the seeds are treated with Fitosporin-M at a dose of 1.5 g / l, at a flow rate of 100-150 ml per 100 g of seeds. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in order to preserve the doping properties of the ECA of an aqueous catholyte, a stabilizer — glycine — is used in a concentration of 0.01 wt. %