RU2790577C1 - Method for preparing seed potatoes for planting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The method for preparing seed potato tubers for planting is implemented as follows. Seed potatoes are kept in an air environment with ethylene at a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/m³ for 7-14 days. After that, it is treated with a suspension of copper oxide nanoparticles at a dosage of 0.001 g/kg.

EFFECT: invention provides enhancement of physiological processes occurring during potato germination under the influence of ethylene and copper oxide nanoparticles.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to improve the technology of growing potatoes.

It is known that in the general complex of measures for obtaining a stable and high yield of potatoes, the preparation of planting material is of great importance, in which an important place is given to methods of accelerating the pre-planting awakening of the eyes and the germination of tuber buds.

A known method of germinating seed tubers in containers made of non-woven covering material made of polypropylene [1]. Before sprouting, the tubers are treated with a 1-3% solution of mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and up to 0.01-0.05% solution of trace elements - copper, boron, manganese, which improves the quality of seed preparation. Germination is carried out indoors in the light at a temperature of +10 ... 12 to + 15 ... 17 ° C until the formation of sprouts no more than 2 cm and roots up to 1 cm, and the duration of germination for early varieties is 20-30 days, medium-late 25-35 days , relative humidity is maintained within 85%.

The disadvantage of this method is the high energy consumption associated with the consumption of macro- and microelements, as well as the use of trace elements in the form of inorganic salts.

At the same time, a large amount of microelements and mineral fertilizers is spent to prepare a solution of the required concentration, the remains of which are disposed of after processing the tubers.

A known method of pre-planting treatment of seed potatoes using Fe and SiO 2 nanoparticles as part of a suspension for processing Fe and SiO ₂ nanoparticles at their dosage, respectively, Fe NP 16⋅10 ^-4 mol/l and SiO ₂ NP 6⋅10 ^-3 mol/l in a mixture with stabilized electrochemically activated water catholyte with pH 8-9 and Eh=-400…-500 mV [2]. Processing is carried out in a vacuum environment at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg. with simultaneous mixing in a drum with a rotation speed of 10 rpm for 5 minutes. As a stabilizer, glycine is used in an amount of 0.01 wt. %

The disadvantage of this method is the need to carry out processing in a vacuum environment with simultaneous mixing in the drum with a certain speed, high labor costs and the need to maintain the exact concentration of active ingredients.

A known method of increasing the yield of potatoes, selected for the prototype, which includes storage of seed potatoes from November to April in an environment containing ethylene up to 50 ml/m, treatment with ethylene stops 3-5 days before planting [3].

The disadvantage of this method is the increase in energy costs associated with the duration of gassing potatoes with ethylene, as well as with a high concentration of ethylene in the potato store, which must be maintained.

The problem solved by the proposed method is to increase the efficiency of the process of preparing seed potatoes for planting.

The technical result consists in strengthening the physiological processes occurring during the germination of potatoes under the influence of ethylene and copper oxide nanoparticles.

The technical result is achieved by keeping the seed potatoes in an air environment with ethylene at a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/m ³ for 7-14 days, after which they are treated with a suspension of copper oxide nanoparticles at a dosage of 0.001 g/kg.

A comparable analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed method meets the criterion of "novelty", as it has significant differences:

1. Seed potatoes are kept in air with ethylene at a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/m ³ for 7-14 days, unlike the prototype, where tubers are processed from November to April in an environment containing ethylene up to 50 ml/m ³ , and stops 3-5 days before planting. The method specified in the prototype, due to the high concentration of ethylene and duration, prevents the germination of potato tubers by suppressing apical dominance (development of the apical bud), and refusing to process 3-5 days before planting stimulates the germination of lateral buds, increasing the number of stems per each plant. The method claimed by us allows us to have a stimulating effect on the germination of potato tubers, since low concentrations of ethylene, acting on tubers for a short time, do not suppress, but activate the growth of seedling cells and form a larger number and mass of sprouts and roots germinating on potato tubers, which is due to activation cell division of meristimatic tissues of sprout and root apexes.

2. After 7-14 days, seed potatoes are treated with a suspension of copper oxide nanoparticles at a dose of 0.001 g / kg, which gives a double advantage, since copper oxide nanoparticles are a micronutrient for tubers, increase plant immunity and disease resistance, and also have bactericidal and fungicidal action, protecting tubers and plants at the beginning of the growing season from infection with diseases.

An example of the implementation of the method.

Laboratory experiments were carried out in 2018 - 2021 (from April 20 to May 20). The repetition of experience 4-fold.

Experience #1

For the experiment, calibrated tubers weighing 50–70 g of mid-early potatoes of the Sante variety, the first reproduction, were used. The tubers were treated for 7-14 days with ethylene at a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/m ³ in a transport container, then sprayed with a suspension of copper oxide nanoparticles at a dose of 0.001 g/kg of tubers, and then germinated. The control was tubers stored in a transport container with a natural gas composition of the air.

Each container contained 50 healthy tubers calibrated by weight. Based on the studies, it was found that the preplant treatment of potato tubers with exogenous phytohormone ethylene and copper oxide nanoparticles had a positive effect on the awakening of tuber buds.

Experience #2

For the experiment, germinated (according to the scheme of experiment 1) calibrated tubers weighing 60 ± 5 g of mid-early potatoes of the Sante variety, the first reproduction, were used. Tubers pre-treated with ethylene and copper oxide nanoparticles were germinated for 14 days in boxes 60×40×20 cm in size at a temperature of 16±2°C. Sawdust with a moisture content of 70% was used as a substrate. The control was tubers not exposed to ethylene and copper oxide nanoparticles. In one box, 25 tubers were germinated, the embedment depth of which was 5 cm.

The repetition of experience 4-fold.

As a result of the research, it was found that germinated tubers pre-treated with ethylene and copper oxide nanoparticles had a large mass of sprouts and roots of tuber seedlings, exceeding the control ones by 36.9% and 27.0%, respectively (table 2).

Observation of the dynamics of the awakening of the tuber buds at the stage of heterotrophic nutrition indicates an increase in the physiological processes that occur during the germination of potatoes under the influence of ethylene and copper oxide nanoparticles. The mechanism of action of these substances on germinated tubers is to stimulate the growth of seedling cells and the formation of a larger number and mass of shoots and roots germinating on potato tubers, which is due to the activation of cell division of the meristimatic tissues of the sprout and roots apexes.

Sources used

1. Patent No. 2122305 IPC A01C 1/00. A method of preparing potato tubers for planting / Leonov A.I., Serebrennikov B.C., Chernikov V.I., Shmakov I.S.

2. Patent No. 2690937 IPC A01C 1/00. Method for preplant treatment of seed potato tubers / Mushinsky A.A., Sizova E.A., Aminova E.V. and etc.

3. Maltsev S.V. On the efficiency of processing potato seed tubers with ethylene // Agricultural biology. - 2021. - Volume 56. - No. 1. - S. 44-53.

Claims (1)

A method for preparing seed potato tubers for planting, including their preplant treatment with ethylene, characterized in that seed potatoes are kept in an air environment with ethylene at a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/m ³ for 7-14 days, after which they are treated with a suspension of oxide nanoparticles copper at a dosage of 0.001 g/kg.