RU2747292C1 - Method for activating germination of sugar beet seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; plant growing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to plant growing, it can be used for pre-sowing treatment of sugar beet seeds as a growth activator for breeding and seed production during the introduction of plants and the production of beet seedlings in micro-green technologies. In the method, the seeds of sugar beet “Smena” are germinated using a silicon-containing preparation. At the same time, before sowing, the seeds are soaked for 120 minutes in the water sol of hydrothermal nano-silica with the polydispersity of its constituent nanoparticles with a predominance of 10-20 nm in size and its concentrations in working solutions in the range of 0.0005% - 0.05%. Germination of seeds is carried out in the dark while maintaining their moisture with water.

EFFECT: method provides an expansion of the possibilities of using water sols of natural nano-silica of hydrothermal origin and certain concentrations of it with an increase in the germination of sugar beet seeds, growth stimulation, productivity with the implementation of technologies for obtaining sprouted seeds with the production of micro-green or as a pre-sowing seed treatment for open and protected soil, as well as for introduction and selection with the production of new highly productive varieties responsive to nanoscale silica.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to plant growing and can be used for pre-sowing treatment of sugar beet seeds as a growth activator for breeding and seed production, for the introduction of plants and obtaining beet seedlings in microgreening technologies.

The known method, which uses a silicon-containing fertilizer, which includes the ash of rice plant residues - husk in combination with macro- and microelements (patent No. 2525582, published 20.08.2014, Bulletin No. 23, IPC S05 G1 / 00).

However, in the known fertilizer, the silicon component in the husk contains no more than 10%, and the remaining mineral components in the form of salts and oxides have a variable composition, which can negatively affect the growth and development of plants, especially at the first stage of heterotrophic plant nutrition during seed germination before the transition. on autotrophic nutrition during photosynthesis. Also, silicon fertilizer is applied to the soil in high concentrations and does not allow its use as a pre-sowing seed treatment.

A silicon-containing preparation Energy M is also known, consisting of silatrane - 1-chloromethylsilatrane and a synthetic analogue of the phytohormone auxin - crezacin, which is implemented in the method of cultivating lettuce in a closed phytotron system (RF patent No. 2702086, published 03.10.2019, Bul .. No. 28, IPC A01 G22 / 15). Despite the positive effect of using the combined preparation of 1-chlomethylsilatran with crezacin for growing salad crops in phytotrons, the method implements foliar treatment of plants with a working solution of the preparation on the 18-20 days of vegetation of the salad culture during the period of active photosynthesis and maximum surface coverage with rosettes of plant leaves. This reduces the effectiveness of the implementation of the method when transferring its application from the period of active photosynthesis of plant vegetation to the initial stage - germination of seeds and their pre-sowing treatment.

Also, the practical implementation of binary compositions is less technological in the preparation of working solutions and more expensive in terms of the total cost of its components as compared to a monopreparation.

A close technical solution to the proposed object is the use in agriculture of a preparation consisting of only one organosilicon substance 1-chloromethylsilatrane, better known under the trade name Mival-Agro, which is used as a universal plant growth regulator capable of increasing productivity by 10-20% (Internet - cekator.ru/mival-agro, forundacha.ru)

A well-known drug is widely used to increase the productivity of agricultural crops with its use at various stages of plant vegetation.

At the same time, the substance Mivala-Agro - 1-chloromethylsilatran is poorly soluble in water and hydrolyzes, both during long-term storage and in the process of contact with water when preparing working solutions before processing plants, which complicates the use of working solutions. The authors do not provide data on the shelf life of working solutions before using the drug and they are not described in the literature, which narrows the application due to the ambiguity of the environmental friendliness of its use, since as a result of the hydrolysis of 1-chloromethylsilatrane, derivatives of the substance from the chloromethyl radical are formed during the splitting of the silicon-carbon bond. And this complicates the prognosis of the subsequent application of the preparation on the leaf in the phase of active photosynthesis after pre-sowing treatment of plants.

The closest technical solution to the proposed object is the solution SU 1353338 A1, 23.11.1987, which discloses a method for activating the germination of sugar beet seeds, including the use of a preparation in which beet seeds are pre-soaked.

The technical result is to expand the possibilities of using aqueous sols of natural nanosilica of hydrothermal origin, and its certain concentrations to increase the germination of sugar beet seeds, stimulate growth, productivity with the implementation of technologies for obtaining germinated seeds to obtain microgreens, or as a pre-sowing treatment of seeds for open and protected ground, as well as for the introduction and selection to obtain new highly productive varieties responsive to nanosized silica.

The technical solution of the claimed object consists in the fact that the seeds of sugar beet Change before sowing are pre-soaked for 120 minutes using a silicon-containing preparation in the form of an aqueous sol of hydrothermal nanosilica with a polydispersity of its constituent nanoparticles with a predominance of sizes of 10-20 nm and its concentrations of working solutions in the range of 0 , 05-0.0005%, while the germination of seeds is carried out in the dark while maintaining their moisture with water.

The method is carried out as follows.

The method uses an aqueous sol of hydrothermal nanosilica (HNK), which is obtained from natural hydrothermal solutions of the Mutnovsky field of Kamchatka (produced by LLC Nanosilika). The tests used the initial aqueous sol of GNK with a silica concentration of 2.5%. For seed treatment, the initial GNK sol was diluted with distilled water to working concentrations from 0.05 to 0.0005% by silica. Hydrothermal nanosilica possesses high biochemical activity, high penetration rate into plant seeds, high sorption capacity due to the size of silica particles and their surface area up to 500 cm ² / g. In the prepared working solution of hydrothermal silica, there are no toxic substances, which gives the proposed solution a higher environmental friendliness and bioavailability for seeds, in particular, for endosperm and allows you to activate the process of germinating seeds in the dark for solving various biotechnological and breeding problems.

The size parameters of nanoparticles, mainly in the range of 10-20 nm, are achieved by the capabilities of ultrafiltration equipment and technologies for polycondensation of orthosilicic acid in hydrothermal solutions of the Mutnovskoye field. This allows for high-quality processing of plant seeds. The parameters of the nanoparticle method are substantiated experimentally.

The object of research was a technical agricultural crop - sugar beet of the Smena variety.

The implementation of the method is shown in the examples below.

Example 1. To prepare a working solution of HOC with a concentration of 0.05%, the initial sol of nanosilica with a concentration of 2.5% was introduced at the rate of 10 ml of HOC in 490 ml of distilled water and stirred at room temperature. The seeds of sugar beet variety Smena were treated with the obtained working solution, keeping them in the solution for 120 minutes. As a control, the seeds were treated with distilled water, keeping them in it for 120 minutes. Next, plant seeds were placed on 150 seeds on blocks of mineral wool with dimensions of 25x18 (450 cm ² ). For each variant of seed treatment with aqueous sols, the HOC was carried out in 3 replicates for each concentration of the HOC. Seed germination was tested on the 7th day of germination in the dark in a thermostat at room temperature (22 ° C). On the 3rd day of thermostatting of seeds, the energy of their germination was determined. Thermostating of plant seeds at room temperature (22 ° C) during germination was carried out while maintaining the moistening of mineral wool with distilled water.

Example 2. For the preparation of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.01%, 100 ml of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.05% was used (see example 1), which was diluted with distilled water to a volume of 500 ml with stirring at room temperature. The treatment with the obtained HNC solution of seeds of sugar beet variety Smena was carried out in the same way as in the above scheme in example 1.

Example 3. For the preparation of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.005%, 250 ml of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.01% was used (see example 2), which was diluted with distilled water to a volume of 500 ml with stirring at room temperature. The treatment with the obtained HNC solution of seeds of sugar beet variety Smena was carried out similarly to the scheme shown in examples 1 and 2.

Example 4. For the preparation of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.001%, 100 ml of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.005% was used (see example 3), which was diluted with distilled water to a volume of 500 ml with stirring at room temperature. The treatment with the obtained HNC solution of seeds of sugar beet variety Smena was carried out similarly to the above scheme in examples 1, 2, 3.

Example 5. To prepare a working solution of GNK concentration 0.0005% used 250 ml of a working solution of GNK concentration 0.001% (see example 4), which was diluted with distilled water to a volume of 500 ml with stirring at room temperature. The treatment with the obtained HNC solution of seeds of sugar beet variety Smena was carried out similarly to the above scheme in examples 1, 2, 3, 4.

Germination of sugar beet seeds was carried out in the dark, in accordance with GOST 22617.2-94 ("Sugar beet seeds. Methods for determining germination, single sprout and good quality").

The test results of the proposed method are shown in tables 1 and 2.

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the use of nanosized silica has a positive effect on the stage of germination of sugar beet seeds.

The use of HOC in the pre-sowing treatment of seeds increases the germination energy from 1.1% to 10.4% and the germination rate from 1.0% to 10.9% when using the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with HOC solutions of concentrations from 0.0005% to 0.05% ( Table 1)..

The use of the proposed method for sugar beet makes it possible to obtain sprouted seeds with an increase in sprout productivity, (weight of 100 sprouts, g) from 3.3% to 13.7%, with an increase in their growth from 5.7% to 18.1%, and using the proposed method with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with nano-sized silica of natural origin in the range of HOC concentrations from 0.0005% to 0.05% (Table 2).

Table 1 Influence of HOC aqueous sols on germination energy (in%, 3rd day after sowing) and germination of seeds of sugar beet variety Smena (in% on the 7th day after sowing) Experiment options:
grade,% STC Germination energy,% Change in germination energy,% Germination,% Change in germination,% control 26.8 - 76.3 - 0.0005% 27.3 +1.9 82.3 + 7.9 0.001% 28.8 + 7.5 84.6 + 10.9 0.005% 29.6 + 10.4 83.5 + 9.4 0.01% 27.3 + 1.9 83.6 + 9.6 0.05% 27.1 +1.1 77.1 + 1.0

Table 2. Influence of HOC aqueous sols on seedling growth during germination in the dark of sugar beet seeds on the 7th day from sowing Experiment options:
grade,% STC The height of the sprouts on the 7th day, cm Change in sprout height on the 7th day,% Weight of 100 sprouts on the 7th day, g Change in the mass of 100 sprouts on the 7th day,% control 10.5 - 5.11 - 0.0005% 11.3 + 7.6 5.51 + 7.8 0.001% 12.2 + 16.2 5.81 + 13.7 0.005% 12.4 + 18.1 5.53 + 8.2 0.01% 11.8 + 12.4 5.49 + 7.4 0.05% 11.1 + 5.7 5.28 + 3.3

The experimental data obtained allow us to conclude that hydrothermal nanosilica is an activator of the germination of sugar beet seeds with heterotrophic nutrition and can be used for pre-sowing treatment, expand the field of application of HOC in the technology of obtaining seed seedlings and further microgreening, as well as for use in breeding and field agricultural production.

Claims (1)

A method for activating the germination of sugar beet seeds Change, including the use of a silicon-containing preparation, in which, before sowing, the seeds are soaked for 120 minutes in an aqueous ash of hydrothermal nanosilica with a polydispersity of its constituent nanoparticles with a predominance of 10-20 nm in size and its concentrations in working solutions in the range of 0.0005 % - 0.05%, while the germination of seeds is carried out in the dark while maintaining their moisture content with water.