RU2748072C1 - Method for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cereal meadow grasses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. A method for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cereal meadow grasses is proposed, including the use of a silicon-containing preparation. For pre-sowing seed treatment, working aqueous sols of hydrothermal nanosilica with concentrations of 0.05 - 0.0005 wt% are prepared. on the basis of the initial aqueous sol of nanosilica of 2.5% concentration with a predominance of the size of its constituent particles 10-20 nm, which is obtained from hydrothermal solutions of the Mutnovskoye field in Kamchatka. The exposure time of the seeds in the sols of hydrothermal nanosilica prepared diluted with water is 120 minutes.

EFFECT: allows to increase the effectiveness of a stimulant of natural origin for plant development at the stage of seed germination.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to increasing the germination of plant seeds in crop production and use in obtaining germinated seeds and microgreens based on cereal meadow crops.

Known methods of using crezacin to increase the germination of seeds of agricultural crops in combination with other substances that increase the germination of seeds (patents: No. 2454057, published on 11.03.20011, 2576534, published on 10.07.2014, 2583091 published on 10.05.2016, IPC А01С1 / 06)

However, all of these technical solutions are rather complicated, since they require additional administration of stimulating substances.

The closest technical solution is a method where an aqueous sol of nanosilica (Zelenkov V.N., Ivanova M.I., Potapov V.V., Litnetskiy A.V. "Hydrothermal nanosilica in technology cultivation of microgreens Indau sowing "Collection of scientific papers" Non-traditional natural resources, innovative technologies and products. Issue 25. - M .: RANS, 2017. - pp. 56-63).

In the known prototype method, an aqueous sol of nanosilica of various concentrations is used as a dosed top dressing in the seed wells of plants, starting from sowing the seeds, adding it when watering every other day. This limits the use of this plant growth stimulant and complicates the technology.

The technical result is to expand the possibilities of using aqueous sols of nanosilica, hydrothermal (natural) origin, and its certain concentrations to increase the germination of seeds of cereal meadow crops, stimulate their growth and productivity, with the implementation of technologies for obtaining germinated seeds, using them to obtain microgreens, or as pre-sowing treatment in field fodder production, as well as for use in breeding to obtain new highly productive varieties that are responsive to nano-sized silica of natural hydrothermal origin.

The technical solution of the claimed object is that for the treatment of cereal meadow crops, increasing their germination, growth at the stage of seed germination, in contrast to the prototype, the seeds are pre-soaked for 120 minutes before sowing in an aqueous ash of hydrothermal nanosilica with the polydispersity of its constituent nanoparticles with a predominance of 10 -20 nm and concentrations of working solutions in the range of 0.050–0.0005%.

The method is carried out as follows.

Aqueous sol of hydrothermal nanosilica (HNS) was obtained by ultrafiltration, membrane concentration of SiO ₂ nanoparticles, after polycondensation of orthosilicic acid molecules in the hydrothermal solution of the Mutnovskoye field of Kamchatka (produced by OOO Nanosilika). The initial nanosilica sol used in the tests was characterized by an initial silica concentration of 2.5%, a polydispersity of its constituent nanoparticles with a predominance of particles of 10–20 nm in size. For seed treatment, the HOC sol was diluted with distilled water to working concentrations from 0.05 to 0.0005% by silica. Hydrothermal nanosilica possesses high biochemical activity, high penetration rate into plant seeds, high sorption capacity due to the size of silica particles and their surface area up to 500 cm ² / g. In the prepared working solution of hydrothermal silica, there are no toxic substances, which gives the proposed solution a higher environmental friendliness and bioavailability for seeds, in particular, for endosperm, and makes it possible to intensify the process of germinating seeds in the dark for solving various biotechnological and breeding problems. With this treatment, the seeds of cereal grasses take root faster when overseeding in hayfields and pastures, having a high competitiveness in the phytocenosis due to a higher level of growth and development.

The implementation of the method is shown in the examples below.

Example 1. To prepare a working solution of HOC with a concentration of 0.05%, the initial sol of nanosilica with a concentration of 2.5% was introduced at the rate of 10 ml of HOC in 490 ml of distilled water and stirred at room temperature.

Seeds of cereal species of meadow plants: fescue (varieties Allegro and Kvarta) and bent grass, variety VIK were treated with the obtained working solution, keeping them in the solution for 120 minutes. As a control, the seeds were treated with distilled water, keeping them in it for 120 minutes. Next, plant seeds were placed, 1.5 g each, on blocks of mineral wool with dimensions of 25x18 (450 cm ² ). For each variant of seed treatment with aqueous sols of HOC, 3 replicates were carried out for each concentration of HOC. Seed germination was tested on the 7th day of germination in the dark in a thermostat at room temperature (22 ^° C). On the 3rd day of thermostatting of seeds, the energy of their germination was determined. Thermostating of plant seeds during germination was carried out while maintaining the moistening of mineral wool with distilled water.

Example 2. For the preparation of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.01%, 100 ml of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.05% was used (see example 1), which was diluted with distilled water to a volume of 500 ml with stirring at room temperature.

The treatment of the seeds of 2 species of cereal grasses of fescue (2 varieties) and bent grass with the obtained HNC solution was carried out similarly to the scheme in example 1.

Example 3. For the preparation of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.005%, 250 ml of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.01% was used (see example 2), which was diluted with distilled water to a volume of 500 ml with stirring at room temperature.

The treatment with the obtained HNC solution of seeds of 2 species of cereal grasses of fescue (2 varieties) and bent grass was carried out similarly to the above scheme in examples 1 and 2.

Example 4. For the preparation of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.001%, 100 ml of a working solution of GOC with a concentration of 0.005% was used (see example 3), which was diluted with distilled water to a volume of 500 ml with stirring at room temperature.

The treatment of the seeds of 2 types of cereal grasses of fescue (2 varieties) and bent grass with the obtained HNC solution was carried out similarly to the above scheme in examples 1, 2, 3.

Example 5. To prepare a working solution of GNK concentration 0.0005% used 250 ml of a working solution of GNK concentration 0.001% (see example 4), which was diluted with distilled water to a volume of 500 ml with stirring at room temperature.

The treatment of the seeds of 2 types of cereal grasses of fescue (2 varieties) and bent grass with the obtained HNC solution was carried out in the same way as in the above scheme in example 1,2,3,4.

Germination of seeds of cereal crops was carried out in the dark in accordance with GOST 12038-84 ("Seeds of agricultural crops. Methods for determining germination". - M. Standartinform, 2011).

Table 1 Influence of HOC water sols on seed germination energy (in%, 3 days after sowing) and germination of seeds of cereal meadow grasses (in% on 7 days after sowing)

Culture, variety Options for the concentration of HOC in seed treatment solutions,% % germinated seeds Germination energy Germination Fescue, grade Allegro 0.05 25 80 0.01 24 80 0.005 25 82 0.001 28 82 0.0005 24 77 Control (no processing) 26 78 Fescue, grade Quart 0.05 nineteen 76 0.01 21 79 0.005 22 78 0.001 nineteen 77 0.0005 twenty 77 Control (no processing) nineteen 76 Polevitsa, variety VIK 0.05 82 80 0.01 85 83 0.005 88 85 0.001 86 83 0.0005 83 81 Control (no processing) 84 82

Table 2. Influence of HOC aqueous sols on seedling growth during germination in the dark of seeds of cereal species of meadow grasses on the 7th day from sowing

Culture, variety Concentration of HOC in the working solution,% Height of seed sprouts on the 7th day, cm Change in sprout height,% Fescue, grade Allegro 0.05 98
-3.9 0.01 102 0 0.005 103 + 1.0 0.001 105 + 3.0 0.0005 98 - 3.9 control 102 - Fescue, grade Quart 0.05 89 +1.1 0.01 91 + 3.4 0.005 93 + 5.7 0.001 94 + 6.8 0.0005 87 - 1.1 control 88 - Polevitsa, variety VIK 0.05 38 +5.6 0.01 43 +19.5 0.005 44 +22.2 0.001 40 +11.1 0.0005 36 +2.8 control 35 -

As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the use of nanosized silica has a beneficial effect on the stage of germination of seeds of cereal meadow grasses, regardless of their type and variety.

The use of GNK during pre-sowing seed treatment increases the germination rate for all studied varieties of fescue (Table 1) from 78% to 82% (variety Allegro), from 76% to 79% (variety Kvarta) and from 82% to 85% for bent grass (variety VIC).

The greatest effect of the action of silica nanoparticles of hydrothermal origin was manifested during germination of seeds of cereal grasses in terms of sprout height on the 7th day of germination, which corresponded to the maximum increase in plant height up to 3.0% for fescue of the Allegro variety, up to 6.8% for the Kvarta variety and up to 22.2% for the VIK variety.

The data obtained allow us to conclude that nanosilica of hydrothermal origin is a stimulator of the development of cereal plants at the stage of seed germination with heterotrophic nutrition and can be used to reduce labor intensity and costs for pre-sowing seed treatment, increase efficiency and expand the field of application in the technology of obtaining microgreens of fescue, bent grass, for use in selection and in field (meadow) agricultural production.

Claims (1)

A method for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cereal meadow grasses, including the use of a silicon-containing preparation, characterized in that for pre-sowing treatment of seeds, working aqueous sols of hydrothermal nanosilica with concentrations of 0.05 - 0.0005 wt% are prepared. based on the initial aqueous sol of nanosilica of 2.5% concentration with a predominance of the size of its constituent particles of 10-20 nm, which is obtained from hydrothermal solutions of the Mutnovsky deposit in Kamchatka, while the exposure time of seeds in the sols of hydrothermal nanosilica prepared diluted with water is 120 minutes.