RU2067860C1 - Method of treatment of piglet with postnatal hypertrophy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: method involves administration of potassium succinate (dose is 0.100-0.125 g/kg living mass) and riboflavin (dose is 2.0-2.5 mg/head) with feed to piglets with postnatal HYPERTROPHY state. Preparation is administrated once per 24 h for 18-21 days. Sick piglets can be recovered for 18-21 days, safety is increased by 6.0%, body mass is increased by 20.8%. EFFECT: simplified and enhanced effectiveness of method. 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to veterinary medicine and can be used to increase the safety of hypotrophic piglets.

 A large number of methods for the treatment of postnatal hypotrophy are known, involving the use of various means: blood, glucose, tissue preparations, hydrolysates, antibiotics, trace elements, etc.

 A known method of treating hypotrophic piglets by intramuscular injection of glucose-citrated blood of healthy animals is 4-6 ml three times every other day and ferroglukin-75 2 ml twice every 5 days [1] However, this method is quite time-consuming and not always effective.

 There is a method of treatment by introducing intramuscularly to hypotrophic blood pigs, an intraperitoneal injection of a 20% glucose solution with the addition of 500 1000 IU of penicillin in combination with novocaine blockade according to VV Mosin [1, 2] The method is quite effective for any infectious complications, however provides for a preliminary determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms, requires individual treatment, labor costs of a veterinarian. The injections themselves are stress factors.

 A known method of treating hypotrophic piglets, providing for the introduction from the fifth day of life to piglets L-103 hydrolyzate in a dose of 10 20 ml twice a week for 1 1.5 months in combination with microelements [3] The method is quite effective, since the hydrolyzate stimulates metabolism, accelerates growth, prevents the general acidosis of the body. However, the method is time consuming, with a deep degree of postnatal hypotrophy does not have the proper therapeutic effect.

 There is a method of treating hypotrophic piglets by feeding an ethonia drug at a dose of 2 mg / kg body weight, in particular hypotrophic piglets are fed immediately after birth a mixture of ethonia (based on 2 mg / kg) with glucose (based on 400 mg / kg). The mixture is fed from nipples with cow colostrum to 1-6 day old hypotrophic piglets, and piglets from 7 to 25 days old with milk from feeders [4, 5, 6] The method is quite effective and easy, however it has a disadvantage is not effective for piglets having a deep degree of malnutrition.

 The closest analogue is a method for the treatment of hypotrophic piglets and growth retards older than a month of age by subcutaneous or intramuscular administration of insulin in a 40% glucose solution (0.2 units of insulin are dissolved in 1 ml of solution) 3 ml per 1 kg of live weight piglet, every 10 days until complete recovery. The best result is obtained when, simultaneously with the introduction of insulin on a glucose solution, microelements are added to the feed daily for 45 days at the rate of 25 mg of zinc sulfate, 2 kg of copper sulfate, 1 mg of cobalt chloride per kg of dry feed [7] This the method is time consuming to perform, does not have high efficiency in the treatment of piglets with a deep degree of malnutrition. This is due to the fact that in such piglets irreversible changes appear due to a violation in the mitochondria of the cells of the organs of the relationship between the oxidative cycle of tricarboxylic acids (Krebs) and the process of oxidative phosphorylation. As a result of this, the formation of macroergic compounds, in particular ATP, ceases in the cells; as a result, the piglets cease to grow and develop. The use of insulin does not ensure the restoration of broken relationships, since insulin in relation to these processes is an external stimulator and does not act on these connections from the inside. In this regard, the drug is effective for piglets in which the relationship between these processes is not broken, i.e. for patients to a milder degree.

 The aim of the invention is to simplify and increase the effectiveness of the method of treatment of postnatal hypotrophy of piglets.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that pigs in a state of postnatal hypotrophy with food daily once a day for 18 to 21 days are given succinic potassium in a dose of 0.100 0.125 g / kg body weight and riboflavin in a dose of 2.0 2, 5 mg per head.

 A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype shows that the claimed method differs from the known one in that as the drugs use succinic acid potassium in combination with riboflavin. Thus, the claimed method meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty." Comparison of the claimed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this field of veterinary medicine did not allow us to identify signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "significant differences".

The method is implemented as follows: in the morning before feeding, preparations are weighed in the indicated doses of 0.100 0.125 g / kg of succinic acid potassium and 2.0 - 2.5 mg per head of riboflavin (vitamin B ₂ ) for each box according to the number of piglets in the box , then a weighed amount of the drug is mixed with feed, which is poured into the feeder.

The main active principle in the drug is succinic acid potassium is succinic acid (UC). The therapeutic effect is due to the fact that it occupies one of the central places in the cycle of tricarboxylic acids (CTK). Being the natural energy metabolite for the body, it easily penetrates through the membranes of cells and mitochondria in organs experiencing the greatest need for energy material, quickly becomes involved in oxidation-reduction processes, while creating a kind of “push” for the formation of macroergic compounds, in particular adenosine triphosphor acid (ATP), as a result of which the functional capabilities of organs are gradually restored [8] In addition, it can serve as a substrate for the synthesis of carbohydrates rows, amino acids, lipids, in reduced form may participate in the formation of NAD and NADP • H • H, and increase the content in oxidized forms of coenzymes oxidation [8]
In combination with potassium, the therapeutic effect of UC is significantly increased. This is due to the fact that potassium is an intramitochondrial element and in itself has a beneficial effect on mitochondria and, consequently, on the redox processes that occur in them [9]
The main use of the drug was found in medicine as drugs that enhance biochemical and physiological processes. This is the basis of the normalizing effect of succinic acid on the activity of the heart, kidneys, nervous system during pathology, muscles during intense physical exertion. UC is able to provide a sustainable elimination of metabolic acidosis in the blood. Promisingly, its use as a detoxifying agent [10]
There is evidence that UC is effective in chronic weakening of the body and at the same time has a general healing effect [11] Moreover, being a natural, completely non-toxic and non-accumulating substance. Obtaining an effect when using UC is the most physiological way, as it provides the most natural normalization [12]. This information served as the basis for testing succinic acid potassium as a therapeutic agent for piglets with malnutrition.

Riboflavin (vitamin B ₂ ) is a part of flavin dehydrogenases (LDH, GFDH, monoamine oxidases), which are stress enzymes that work intensely and quickly wear out under heavy loads on the body, especially in severe forms of pathology, which include piglet hypotrophy. These enzymes are involved in the oxidation of UC. Their formation and amount depend on the content of riboflavin in the body. During normal feeding, which is customary for large pig farms and complexes, animals and patients more so, riboflavin intake is not enough, which leads to a low content and low activity of the above enzymes. In this regard, it is quite reasonable to assume that the combined use of succinic acid potassium and riboflavin will contribute to a positive effect. The daily need for riboflavin in piglets up to 10 kg of live weight is generally accepted and is 2.0 2.5 mg.

 To determine the optimal dose of the drug and the duration of its use in the pig farm of the farm to them. The 60th anniversary of the USSR, Etkul district, Chelyabinsk region with a productivity of 108 thousand pigs per year, conducted the following experiments. At the growing site, after weaning, at the age of 26 days, from the number of patients with malnutrition of animals placed in the "Pig-baliyah", 5 groups of 10 animals each were formed. Patients with hypotrophy were determined by the following clinical signs: low live weight (less than 5 kg), poor nutrition, an enlarged abdomen, pallor of mucous membranes and skin, sunken eyes, stiffness, sluggish reaction to the environment, and general weakness. Sick animals were given daily succinic acid potassium in doses of 0.75 in the first group for 29 days; second 0.10; thirds 0.125; a fourth 0.150 g / kg body weight. The fifth group was the control, the drug was not administered to piglets in this group. The animals were monitored daily, while determining: body weight, average daily weight gain, fatness, the number of recovered and safety. Body weight and average daily gains were determined by weighing, fatness by examining the external forms of the body and using the fingers, while the degree of development of subcutaneous tissue and its saturation with fat, muscle volume and elasticity were established. Fatness distinguished good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory (bad). Animals with good fatness were considered those in which the control lines of the body are rounded; bones are well hidden under elastic, tight and mobile skin; bone protrusions are smoothed; bone fossa well covered with a fat pad; with a satisfactory one in which the muscles are moderately developed, the shape of the body is angular, the spinous processes of the dorsal and lumbar vertebrae, the sciatic tubercles and maclocs are not prominent, the deposition of subcutaneous fat is felt; with unsatisfactory in which the contour lines of the cutting body are angular; the bones of the body protrude, especially the bone tubercles, ribs, spinous processes; belly tightened.

 Recovery was evaluated by a set of clinical signs: the state of habit, visible mucous membranes, skin, body temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate.

 The habitus status was assessed by body position, physique, fatness, design, and temperament. The position of the body should be natural, the physique is average, the fatness is satisfactory, the structure is tender or dense, the temperament is alive.

 Visible mucous membranes: nose, mouth, conjunctiva pale pink.

 The skin is covered with an evenly short, shiny, elastic bristle, the skin color is pale pink.

Body temperature should fluctuate within 38.5 39.0 ^o C, respiratory rate 25 37, pulse 106 130 times per minute.

 The research results are presented in table 1. From the obtained data it is seen that succinic acid potassium has a positive therapeutic effect on piglets suffering from malnutrition. The therapeutic effect depends on the dose and duration of the drug. So, at a dose of 0.075 g / kg of live weight, it allows you to save 60% of sick animals, of which 83% completely recover on the 26th day of treatment. The greatest effect is observed as a result of the use of the drug in doses of 0.10 0.150 mg / kg body weight. In this case, complete recovery of piglets occurs on the 23rd 26th day of using the drug with a safety of 70%, which is 20% higher than in a specific group, and 10% higher compared to the group of animals that were given preparations of 0.075 g / kg body weight .

 An analysis of the data obtained allows us to conclude that the most optimal dose of succinic acid potassium used to treat piglets with acquired hypotrophy is 0.10 0.125 g / kg body weight daily for 23 to 26 days. At higher doses, the drug is also effective, but from an economic point of view, its use is impractical.

 The following experiments were performed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the combined use of riboflavin with succinic acid potassium.

Under the conditions of a pig complex with a productivity of 54 thousand pigs per year, 4 groups of 10 animals each were formed from the number of piglets suffering from malnutrition at the age of 26 days after weaning at the age of 26 days; Patients with malnutrition were determined by the clinical signs described above. Sick animals were injected daily with drugs for therapeutic purposes: in the first group, riboflavin in a dose of 2.5 mg per head per day, in the second succinic acid potassium 0.125 g / kg, in the third succinic acid potassium - 0.10 g / kg riboflavin 2.5 mg per head, in the fourth succinic acid potassium 0.125 g / kg, riboflavin 2.5 mg / kg per head per day. All animals were monitored daily, with body weight, daily average weight gain, fatness, clinical condition, number of recovered and safety were determined. The research results are presented in table. 2. From the above data it is seen that the growth, recovery and preservation of piglets in different groups are different. So, the lowest rates were found in piglets in the first and second groups, the highest in animals in the third and fourth, which were fed with succinic acid potassium and riboflavin. The full recovery of sick animals in the third group occurred on the 18th, in the fourth on the 21st day of treatment, or earlier on 6 and 9 days than in the second, which was fed only succinic acid potassium. On the day of recovery, their live weight is higher by 8.5 and 13.0, respectively, safety 10.0%
In the first group, in which only riboflavin was administered, the indicators of recovery and safety on the 18th day of treatment were 50.0 and 10% lower body weight by 10.8% than in the third group, and respectively by 75.0; 10.0; 17.4% than in the fourth.

Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that succinic acid potassium, fed in combination with riboflavin, has a greater therapeutic effect on the body of piglets suffering from postnatal hypotrophy than the use of riboflavin and succinic acid potassium separately, and causes recovery by 18 21- e day of treatment, the safety of 90%
The proposed method for the treatment of piglets with postnatal malnutrition, succinic acid potassium in combination with riboflavin was implemented as follows. At a commercial pig farm with a capacity of 54 thousand pigs per year, at the Rodnikovsky state farm of the Krasnoarmeysky district, Chelyabinsk region at the rearing site in Pig Bali (sectors for growing weakened piglets), 2 groups of experimental animals aged 26 days were formed (experimental and control) according to 50 goals in each, piglets were placed in machines of 10 goals. Patients with hypotrophy were determined by a set of clinical signs: low body weight (less than 5 kg), poor nutrition, an enlarged abdomen, pallor of the mucous membranes and skin, sunken eyes, stiffness, lethargic reaction to the environment, and general weakness.

 For the animals of the experimental group, for therapeutic purposes, starting from the 27th day of life, succinic acid potassium was fed in the corresponding amount at the rate of 0.125 g / kg live weight and riboflavin 2.5 mg per head day.

 Animals of the control group were treated by the method taken as the prototype of the claimed. In accordance with the requirements of the method, piglets, starting from the 27th day of life, three times, every 10 days, were injected subcutaneously with 2 ml of insulin per 1 kg of live weight in a 40% glucose solution (1 ml of solution contains 0.2 units .insulin).

 The animals were monitored and on the 47th day of life, the safety, the number of recovered, and the average daily gain in live weight were determined.

Recovery was evaluated by a set of clinical indicators: the state of habit, visible mucous membranes, skin, body temperature, respiratory rate and pulse. Habitus was characterized by body position, physique, fatness, constitution and temperament. Animals that had a natural body position, average physique, satisfactory fatness, tender or dense constitution, lively temperament, pale pink mucous membranes of the conjunctiva, nose and mouth, skin of a pale pink color, covered with an evenly short, shiny, elastic bristle, body temperature 38.5 39.0 ^o C, respiratory rate 25 37, pulse 106 130 times per minute was considered recovered.

 The results obtained are presented in table 3. It can be seen from the established data that in the experimental group that received succinic acid potassium in combination with riboflavin, the animals fully recovered on the 46th day of life, in the control group, recovery by this age period was only in 50% of the animals.

 In piglets in the experimental group, the average daily gain was 20.8% higher than in the control, which provided them with a higher live weight, which was determined on the 46th day in the experimental group at the level of 7.60 ± 0.16, in the control ± 0.13 kg

 Thus, the analysis of the results showed that treatment of piglets with malnutrition, succinic acid potassium daily at a dose of 0.125 g / kg body weight and riboflavin 2.5 mg per head per day for 20 days allows for complete clinical cure of sick animals and to achieve 90% of them.

 The economic efficiency of the proposed method was calculated according to the methodology recommended by VASKHNIL and published in g. "Veterinary Medicine" N1, 1984 with. 73 79. According to the methodology, the additional cost resulting from the application of the proposed method is the sum of the cost of piglets with a higher live weight additionally obtained when growing.

 On the 46th day of life in such piglets, the total live weight is 0.52 kg higher than in animals treated with the method taken as a prototype.

 The obtained data show that succinic acid potassium and riboflavin, being natural metabolites, easily penetrate through the cell membranes of cells and mitochondria in organs experiencing the greatest need for energy material, are quickly involved in redox processes that provide energy production for the formation of macroergic compounds, which are used to normalize the function of organs, growth and development of the body.

 According to the established laws of individual development, it is known that each organism has the ability to restore the functions of organs and tissues, to compensate for the delay in its growth and development, depending on the degree, time and duration of the delay. Therefore, when such animals create appropriate conditions for keeping, feeding and treating them, they can be raised at the level of normally developed piglets to slaughter conditions.

That is why the separation of piglets suffering from postnatal malnutrition from healthy to separate sectors, feeding them with more tender feeds and treatment with more natural preparations made it possible to increase the percentage of recovered animals, their safety and body weight. The proposed method provides for the use of natural metabolites as therapeutic agents, which to a lesser extent cause tension in the body. The method is less time-consuming, simple to implement, does not require special equipment and machinery, can be easily used in industrial technology and large farms. Its introduction will allow to cure piglets suffering from postnatal malnutrition in 18 21 days, increase their safety by 6.0, body weight by 20.8% TTT1 TTT5
List of references
1. Nikolsky V.V. Diseases of young pigs. Kiev: Harvest, 1978, p. 144.

 2. Valiev M. V. Hypotrophy of piglets and its relationship with the level of feeding sows. Mater. doc. All-Union Scientific and Practical Conference. Kazan, 1969, p. 7 29.

 3. Kuzin P.I. From the experience of preserving the number of pigs. Chelyabinsk, "South Ural Book Publishing House", 1989, p. 38.

 4. Pavlyuk I. M. The effect of the etonia drug on some physiological parameters of the pig organism. Pig breeding. Republic inter. topics scientific Sat Kiev: Harvest, 1984, no. 40, p. 44 47.

 5. Kucher V.I. Nevskaya T.L. Kosuba R.B. About some pharmacological properties of etonium and dodetsaniya. 3rd Congress of Pharmacologists of the Ukrainian SSR. Vinnitsa, 1977.S. 96-97.

 6. Pavlyuk I.M. Growth and preservation of hypotrophic piglets when feeding ethonia. Republic inter. topics scientific Sat Kiev: Harvest, 1989, no. 45, p. 47-51.

 7. Kuzin P.I. From the experience of preserving the number of pigs. Chelyabinsk, "South Ural Book Publishing House", 1989, p. 40 41.

 8. Dergachev E.F. Biochemical basis for the clinical use of salts of dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids. On Sat "The therapeutic effect of succinic acid," Pushchino, 1976, p. 36.

 9. Kondrashova MN The therapeutic effect of succinic acid. Pushchino, 1976, p. 3 27.

 10. Hager G. Guide to pharmaceutical and medical-chemical practice. Per. with him. Ed. VK. Anrena and A.V. Pelya. S.P. Publisher Ricker K.L. 1980, v. 5, p. 48.

 11. Vdovichenko V.I. On the feasibility of the clinical use of succinic acid. On Sat "Therapeutic effect of succinic acid." Pushchino, p. 31 - 33.

 12. Gorodetsky A. A. Vitamin nutrition of pigs. Reference manual. M. Kolos, 1983, p. 24. TTT1 TTT2 TTT3

Claims (1)

 A method of treating postnatal hypotrophy of piglets, including the introduction of drugs into the animal’s body, characterized in that, in order to increase the effectiveness of the method, potassium succinic acid at a dose of 0.100 0.125 g / kg of body weight and riboflavin at a dose of 2.0 2 are used as drugs 5 mg per head, and the drugs are given with food once a day for 18 21 days.

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