RU2581663C1 - How to prepare the feed mixture for prevention of undernutrition of piglets in fetal period - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal breeding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a field of animal breeding, in particular, to pig breeding, and deals with the method of preparation of a feed mixture for prevention of undernutrition of piglets in the fetal period. Method comprises feeding the feed mixture containing oat bran, rosehip syrup and a foaming agent, in capacity of which there is used a solution of 8 %-gelatin dissolved in water at a temperature of 80-85 °C, enriched with oxygen by mixing followed by passing through it of oxygen for 2-2.5 minutes under a pressure of 0.5-0.7 MPa to obtain a stable oxygenated mixture. Initial components are taken in a specific ratio. Resulting feed mixture is introduced into the diet 55-60 days prior to assumed farrowing based on 300 g/head.

EFFECT: use of the invention allows to correct immunobiological potential of newborn piglets and hypoxic conditions of the mother's body.

1 cl, 5 tbl, 5 ex

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, in particular to pig farming, and relates to a method of preparing a feed mixture for the prevention of malnutrition of newborn piglets in the fetal period by correcting hypoxic processes in sows during gestation.

State of the art

When studying patent and scientific and technical information, several methods for the prevention of malnutrition in piglets were identified.

A known drug for the prevention of hypotrophy of piglets, according to which sows with food give 1-ethoxysilatran (migugen) from the 80th day of gestation to 21 days of lactation in the amount of 3 mg / kg of animal weight daily. Its use in sows in the pregnant and lactating periods reduces the number of newborns of hypotrophic piglets (see RF patent No. 1625490, IPC ⁵ А61К 31/695, publ. 07.02.1991).

The disadvantage of the complexity of the method, and does not take into account the sensitivity of sows to the drugs used.

A known method of treating hypotrophy of piglets, involving the use of ethonium dichloride, ethylene 1,2-bis (N-dimethylcarbdecyloxymethyl) ammonium at a rate of 1.5-2.5 mg / kg of animal weight for 20 days (see RF patent No. 1596524, A61K 31/225, A61K 31/14, A61P 3/00, publ. 08.23.1992).

The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency, because it is aimed at eliminating the changes that occurred during malnutrition in the postpartum period with structural and functional changes already formed in newborn animals.

A known method of treating postnatal hypotrophy of piglets, including the introduction into the animal body of drugs, which use succinic acid potassium in a dose of 0.100-0.125 g / kg body weight and riboflavin in a dose of 2.0-2.5 mg per head, and preparations are prescribed with food once a day for 18-21 days (see RF patent No. 2067860, IPC ⁶ A61K 31/00, publ. 10/20/1996).

The disadvantage of the proposed method in a possible overdose of succinic acid potassium with the appearance of irritating and allergic effects in animals.

There is a method of increasing the output of IgG from blood into colostrum by massage of the mammary gland of pigs, as the prevention of hypotrophy of piglets, which is carried out in sows 10 minutes before sucking pigs colostrum and 6, 9, 18 hours after farrowing (see RF patent No. 2443398, IPC A61D 19/00, published on 02.27.2012).

The disadvantage of this method is its invasiveness, complexity, difficulty and constant stress on the mother's body.

The closest in technical solution is a method of correcting fetal malnutrition in maternal metabolic acidosis, according to which dry cows twice, two months and three weeks before calving, are sequentially intramuscularly administered a complex of preparations: sodium selenite at the rate of 0.1 mg per 1 kg of live weight body, 15.0 ml of ferroglukin. Vitamin E of 5000 IE is administered every decade and at the same time, 290-310 g of Eleutherococcus meal is additionally introduced into the diet for 30 days (see RF patent No. 2177329 IPC ⁷ A61K 35/78, A61K 31/355, A61K 33/04, A61K 33 / 26, published on December 27, 2001).

Despite the likely positive effect, this method of correcting fetal malnutrition has a number of significant drawbacks: the complexity, morbidity, difficulty in implementation and high drug load on the pregnant body.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a method of preparing a feed mixture for the prevention of hypotrophy of piglets in the fetal period, which has a correction of the hypoxic state in the mother's body and is aimed at a more complete establishment of the immunobiological potential in newborn animals by feeding pregnant sows a feed mixture enriched with oxygen.

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is reduced to the prevention of hypotrophy of piglets in the fetal period by correcting the hypoxic state in the mother's body and is aimed at a more complete formation of the immunobiological potential in newborn animals. This technical result is achieved by selecting a qualitative and quantitative composition of the feed mixture included in the diet 55-60 days before the expected farrow, which contains oatmeal with rosehip syrup, as a foaming agent, a solution of 8% gelatin dissolved in water at a temperature 80-85 ° C, and the feed mixture is saturated with oxygen by mixing it, followed by passing through the resulting mixture of oxygen for 2-2.5 minutes under a pressure of 0.5-0.7 MPa to obtain stable oxygen containing mixture in the following ratio of components, in g / l:

oatmeal 150-200 rosehip syrup 80-85 8% gelatin solution 70-75 water rest

The essence of the method is as follows: the use of an oxygen feed mixture is due to the ability of oxygen to be sufficiently absorbed into the blood through the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. In this case, oxygen transport is carried out not only by blood flow, but also through lymph, which improves oxygen supply to tissues in which blood flow is reduced. Thus, it normalizes the condition of the pregnant woman and the fetus.

The used feed mixture, saturated with oxygen and introduced into the diet of animals at the rate of 300 g / goal from the second half of pregnancy to the term of labor, helps to prevent hypoxic syndrome in pregnant sows and ensures the prevention of malnutrition in the offspring with the formation of a more complete immunobiological defense.

Brief description of materials

Table 1 gives a method of preparing the feed mixture for the prevention of hypotrophy of piglets, examples of preparation of an oxygen feed mixture are shown.

Table 2 shows the indicators of the hypoxic state with the parameters of the immunobiological status of the pregnant sows of the experimental and control groups.

Table 3 shows the indicators of the formation of the immunobiological status of piglets in the neonatal period obtained from experimental groups of sows.

Table 4 analyzes the correlation coefficients between the hypoxic state of the mother's body and the formation of the immunobiological status in groups of piglets.

Table 5 shows the indicators of morphological and functional maturity of newborn piglets from experimental and control groups of sows.

The implementation of the invention

Examples of specific performance of the method of preparation of the feed mixture for the prevention of malnutrition of piglets in the fetal period.

Example 1

To establish the positive effect of the preparation and feeding of the oxygen feed mixture, 4 groups of pregnant sows of large white breed were formed, 5 animals each, three experimental and one control. The first of which received 60 days before farrowing, in addition to the main diet, once a day before morning feeding, the oxygen feed mixture in the amount of 150 g / goal according to the first preparation example, the second group - 300 g / goal according to the second example, and the third group - 450 g / goal in the third example. The fourth group served as a control and received the main diet without the use of oxygen feed mixture. The duration of the proposed mixture was 60 days.

For the production of oxygen feed mixture, the following examples of its preparation were used (see table 1).

According to the first example, this mixture is prepared by introducing the components and performing the following operations: oatmeal (70 g) is mixed with rosehip syrup (30 g), which is used as a flavor corrector, a source of trace elements and multivitamins that tones and increases the formation of hemoglobin. The foaming agent is a solution of 8% gelatin (20 g), previously dissolved in water at 80 ° C, and the mixture is kept for at least 10 minutes before being saturated with oxygen. Bringing the volume of the mixture to 150 g is carried out by adding (30 g) of drinking water. Saturation of the feed mixture with oxygen is carried out by mixing it, and then passing through the resulting composition a constant gas flow of oxygen for 2-2.5 minutes under a pressure of 0.5-0.7 (2.04-7.14) MPa (kgf / cm ² ) to obtain a stable oxygen-containing foam. Foam persists for 15 minutes.

According to the second example, the oxygen mixture is prepared in the same way as in the first example, but the following amounts of components are used: oatmeal - 150 g, rosehip syrup - 80 g, 8% gelatin solution - 70 g, water - 50 g. Oxygen saturation carried out according to the same parameters, however, stable oxygen foam lasts 40 minutes.

According to the third example, the preparation of the mixture is carried out in the same way as in the first example, with the following proportions of ingredients: oatmeal - 220 g, rosehip syrup - 80 g, solution of 8% gelatin - 70 g, water - 50 g. Saturation with oxygen carried out according to identical parameters, but a stable oxygen foam lasts 20 minutes.

To prepare one portion of the mixture, 10.53 L of oxygen is required. The prepared mixture is a foamy-liquid composition, light brown in color with a sweetish smell.

Example 2

It was found that when maintaining an oxygen feed mixture in experimental sows in the second half of pregnancy, their appetite significantly improved and their acid-base balance increased with normalization of the parameters of natural resistance to standard values, eliminating the hypoxic-acidotic phenomenon (see table 2). However, the application of the proposed schemes for the preparation of an oxygen feed mixture and feeding different amounts for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups found their differences in the studied parameters.

So on the 90th day of pregnancy in the experimental groups of sows, compared with the 60th day, the indicators of acid-base equilibrium stabilized and took the following values: the reserve alkalinity in the 1st group became - 31.47, in the 2nd - 44 , 81, and the third - 39.52 vol. % CO ₂ ; calcium - 2.12; 2.31 and 2.38 mmol / L; phosphorus - 2.17; 1.33 and 1.44 mmol / L; ketone bodies - 3.01; 2.02 and 2.44 mg%, total protein 70.3; 68.9 and 69.2 g / l, respectively, in groups. However, in the control group, the above values did not undergo significant changes from the initial hypoxic state and amounted to: reserve alkalinity - 29.45 vol. % CO ₂ , calcium - 1.71 mmol / L, phosphorus - 2.19 mmol / L, ketone bodies - 3.41 mg%, total protein - 97.64 g / L.

Some of the indicators of natural resistance in the experimental groups also amounted to higher values, namely: the erythrocyte content in the first group was 5.87 × 10 ¹² / l, for the second - 6.51 × 10 ¹² / l, and in the third - 6 , October ¹² × 05 / l; hemoglobin content - 77.2; 84.4; 78.6 g / l, BASK - 47.53; 58.98; 50.22%. Moreover, experimental sows from the 2nd experimental group had higher trends in these indicators in relation to the 1st and 3rd experimental groups, and also significantly exceeded the control individuals: in erythrocytes - by 27.5%, hemoglobin - 28.6 %, BASK - 38.99%.

The concentration of the main classes of immunoglobulins on the 90th day of pregnancy in the first, second and third groups was to an increasing degree and amounted to IgA - 1.25; 1.76 and 1.69 g / l; IgG 19.64; 24.22 and 21.08 g / l, respectively.

With these significantly positive trends in the studied parameters, there is reason to argue that the consumed oxygen feed mixture favorably reduces the pathogenetic effect of hypoxia in pregnant sows, but it should be noted that the second example of preparation and feeding acquires the highest positive effect from its use.

Example 3

The main and most significant effect was the effect of the oxygen feed mixture on the formation of indicators of the immunobiological status of piglets from experimental groups of sows with respect to the control. So for the neonatal period, the resulting offspring had the following differences (see table 3).

It was found that on the 10th day after birth, the indicators of immunobiological potential in piglets from the second group of sows were at a fairly high level. This was expressed in the fact that in the quantitative composition of T- and B-lymphocytes this group exceeded the control individuals reliably in T-lymphocytes by 44.7% and by 42.9% for B-lymphocytes. This condition can be characterized as a pronounced process of leukopoiesis in the second group. Despite this, the other two groups of piglets from experimental sows also had a higher content of T-lymphocytes by 12.6% and 16.3%, and by B-lymphocytes by 35.2% and 37.3%.

The stimulating effect of the oxygen feed mixture on hematopoiesis was revealed - the number of erythrocytes in the piglets of the experimental groups on the 10th day was higher in the 1st group by 0.8 × 10 ¹² / l, by 1.29 × 10 ¹² / l in the 2nd and in the 3rd one by 0.7 × 10 ¹² / l, and the hemoglobin content exceeded 18.32; 20.25 and 19.21 g / l, respectively.

Indicators of bactericidal (BASK) and lysozyme (LASK) activity of blood serum in piglets indicate that the level of non-specific humoral protection in animals from the experimental groups was more pronounced. So BASK for the first group was at the level of 32.66%, and LASK - 35.52%, for the second BASK - 42.48% and LASK - 44.73%, and for the third BASK - 38.61% and LASK - 33.38%. However, in piglets of the control group, these values were BASK - 28.18% and LASK - 31.53%.

The concentration indicators of the main classes of immunoglobulins in piglets from experimental groups of sows also exceeded the IgA control by 29.7%, 55.1%, 36.9%; IgG - 28.2%, 41.8%, 26.1% and IgA - 39.6%, 45.7%, 37.3% for the analyzed groups.

Thus, we can conclude that feeding the oxygen feed mixture to pregnant sows once a day at a dose of 300 g / goal according to the second example of preparation and feeding during the second half of pregnancy positively affects the body of their offspring, activating to a greater extent the natural factors resistance and immunobiological protection.

Example 4

Studies have shown that there is a direct correlation between the level of the hypoxic state (reserve alkalinity) of the mother's body on the one hand and the natural resistance of the offspring (see table 4).

This was expressed on the 90th day of pregnancy and on the 10th day of the postnatal period. In all groups of piglets, a positive correlation was found between the reserve alkalinity in sows and immunoglobulins (classes G, M, A), the number of T and B lymphocytes, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, and the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum in piglets.

The correlation was more pronounced with respect to IgG (r = 0.49) and IgM (r = 0.37). A weak correlation in the level of IgA in blood serum in both the first and second groups of animals shows the relative independence of local immunity from the hypoxic state (r = 0.17). By the number of T-lymphocytes (r = 0.39), and by B-lymphocytes (r = 0.33). The correlation with respect to the phagocytic activity of neutrophils had the following coefficient values (r = 0.46), BASK (r = 0.31), LASK (r = 0.34).

From this it should be argued that the direct dependence of the full development of newborn piglets depends on the transferred level of the hypoxic state of sows during the second half of pregnancy.

Example 5

Table 5 shows that the use of oxygen feed mixture had a more favorable effect on the physiological status and morphofunctional maturity of their offspring during the neonatal period. So, the appearance of a confident standing posture and sucking reflex in newborn piglets from sows of the experimental groups was realized earlier in the first group for 9.2 and 12.6 minutes, in the second for 11.6 and 16.3 minutes and in the third for 6.9 and 13.9 minutes.

The average daily deviation of body temperature in the control group on the 1st day of life was 0.3 ° C; 0.5 ° C; 0.2 ° C higher than in the experimental groups of piglets, on the 2nd day at 0.7 ° C; 1.1 ° C; 0.9 ° C, and on the third day at 0.6 ° C; 0.8 ° C; 0.7 ° C.

, где М₂ - масса тела животного через 24 часа после рождения, а М₁ - масса тела животного при рождении. Данный коэффициент составил для первой группы поросят K₁=1,13, для второй К₂=1,2 и для третьей К₃=1,15, что находилось в пределах физиологических значений. В то же время у контрольной группы данный коэффициент был равен К_конт.=0,81, принимал значения ниже физиологического уровня, равного 0,99-1,05. Новорожденные с низким коэффициентом катаболизма при неблагоприятных воздействиях внешней среды предрасположены к заболеваниям.The level of morphofunctional maturity was determined according to the developed method with the calculation of the coefficient of catabolism (see the method of I.S. Egoshin - 1984) by the formula $$K_{\mathrm{to}}=\frac{M_2}{M_{\mathrm{one}}}$$

where M ₂ is the body weight of the animal 24 hours after birth, and M ₁ is the body weight of the animal at birth. This coefficient was K ₁ = 1.13 for the first group of piglets, K ₂ = 1.2 for the second and K ₃ = 1.15 for the third, which was within the physiological range. At the same time, in the control group, this coefficient was equal to K _cont. = 0.81, took values below the physiological level equal to 0.99-1.05. Newborns with a low coefficient of catabolism under adverse environmental influences are predisposed to diseases.

From the above examples it follows that the correction of the hypoxic state of the mother’s body, using the second example of preparation and feeding of the oxygen feed mixture, helps to create a higher level of adaptive, metabolic and immunobiological potential in the offspring that is the basis for the prevention of postnatal hypotrophy in piglets.

It is scientifically substantiated and practically proven that the animal organism during certain periods of pregnancy experiences increased metabolic and functional loads, as well as structural disorders. These changes are associated with the development and formation of fruits. The most critical period is the second half of pregnancy, when the highest growth and development rate of the fetus occurs (see Petryankin F. Immunocorrection in the biological complex “mother-fetus-newborn” / F. P. Petryankin // Veterinarian. - 2003 - No. 3. - S. 23-25).

Based on this position, the problem of the full development of functional abilities and the preservation of offspring both in the antenatal and postnatal periods appears. This cannot be achieved with the manifestation of functional disorders and changes in the mother’s body, which is the main medium for developing offspring (see Hasanov A.S., Increasing the safety of piglets / A.S. Hasanov, G.A. Pakhomov, S.Yu. Smolentsev / / The journal "Animal husbandry of Russia. Special issue. Moscow. - 2006. - S. 15-18).

One of the predictors of disruption of antenatal growth and development with subsequent hypotrophic effect is the hypoxic state of the mother's body. Hypoxia during pregnancy is accompanied by deep metabolic, hemodynamic and immunobiological disorders in the functional system "mother-placenta-fetus", which leads to causes of morbidity and death in all periods of ontogenetic development (see Bobrik DI Intrauterine fetal hypoxia in sows / Bobric D.I., Zhukov A.I., Sobolkova A.P., Sidorov V.I. // Agriculture - Problems and Prospects / Grodno State Agrarian University - Grodno, 2006. - V. 3 : Veterinary medicine. - S.181-184).

The developing hypotrophy syndrome is caused by a violation of placental perfusion and a developing hypoxic-acidotic process. Adaptive compensatory reserves of the mother's body and the fetus are depleted quite quickly, which determines the outcome of pregnancy. Therefore, early prophylaxis and correction of hypoxic changes and metabolic disturbances is of paramount importance for the prevention of intrauterine growth retardation and impairment (see Eremin A.P. Method for the prevention of late toxicosis of sows and hypoxia of newborn piglets / A.P. Eremin, S.P. Eremin, P.A. Parshin, BC Slobodyanik, S.M. Suleymanov // Materials of the International scientific-practical conference dedicated to the centenary of the birth of Professor V. A. Akatov, Voronezh: Europolygraphy Publishing House. - 2005. - S. 421-423).

At the moment, for veterinarians, the problem with the development of this pathological defect requires a solution with the greatest preventive effect and the lowest economic cost. This is only possible using natural biological communication mechanisms for transplantation of oxygen. To prevent these violations, it is proposed to use the oxygen feed mixture developed by us.

From the research on feeding the oxygen feed mixture, we can conclude that the present invention has the following advantages in relation to known developments:

1. The proposed method has a preventive focus on hypotrophy in piglets, carried out in the fetal period of development.

2. It has less complexity in the preparation and feeding, making it simple and affordable for technical implementation in any agricultural enterprise.

3. Eliminates the need for invasive and stressful manipulations, which increase the sensitivity of pregnant individuals, with possible complications.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing a feed mixture for the prevention of hypotrophy of piglets in the fetal period, including feeding the feed mixture, characterized in that the feed mixture contains oatmeal, rosehip syrup, foaming agent, which is used as a solution of 8% gelatin dissolved in water at a temperature of 80- 85 ° C, which is enriched with oxygen by mixing, followed by passing oxygen through it for 2-2.5 minutes under a pressure of 0.5-0.7 MPa to obtain a stable oxygen-containing mixture, while the initial components nt was taken in the ratio: oatmeal - 150 g, rosehip syrup - 80 g, 8% gelatin solution - 70 g, water - 50 g, the resulting feed mixture is introduced into the diet 55-60 days before the estimated farrowing at a rate of 300 g /Goal.