RU2422117C1 - Method of preventing diseases of reproductive organs in cows in iodone-deficient region - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural production, namely to breeding animals in conditions of deficit of microelements, in particular, iodine. Method lies in the following: 5% potassium iodide solution in tetravit is introduced to fresh cows in dose 10 ml on the first day after calving and one again after 14 days. To dry cows medication is introduced additionally 50-60 days before delivery. Preparation is introduced into pararectal cellular tissue in area of ischiorectal fossa of animals. Solution for introduction is prepared before introduction by preliminary dissolution of potassium iodide in distilled water with mixing with oil solution tetravit. ^ EFFECT: method makes it possible to realise efficient prevention of iodine deficiency in animals, in particular, in cows with minimal consumption of labour and finances, without causing stress in animals and without involving additional personnel as staff of veterinary service, with application of common and available components and preparations. ^ 2 cl, 9 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, more specifically to the cultivation of animals in conditions of micronutrient deficiency, and in particular iodine, which leads to damage to the thyroid gland, the departure of newborn young animals, reduced productivity and reproductive function of cows.

It is known that the simplest and most affordable way to eliminate iodine deficiency is to include iodized sodium chloride in animals rations containing 25 g of potassium iodide per 1 ton of sodium chloride. Standard iodized salt is prepared under industrial conditions.

The concentration of iodide in sodium chloride during storage can be significantly reduced. Even if you store salt in a bag, after 2 months iodine is lost by 50%, and after 4 months iodine loss is 100% (see Mokhnach V.O. Iodine and problems of life. - L .: Nauka, 1974. - 252 C.), which reduces the effectiveness of the drug and limits its use.

Also known is the “Method for feeding cows in zones of iodine deficiency”, in which animals are fed a dietary supplement based on potassium iodide, salts of trace elements and filler for 20-30 days in courses repeated after 5 days at a rate of 60 g per 100 kg of animal weight (see RF Patent No. 2295255, А23К 1/00. Publ. March 20, 2007, Bull. No. 8).

With good application results, such additives are not industrially produced due to the fact that it is difficult to guarantee their quality. Since iodine as a highly active chemical element has a volatility property. The trace element is destroyed, turning into unapproachable forms during the preparation and storage of feed and feed additives. In this connection, in the applied premixes, briquettes, polysalt, compound feeds, protein and vitamin supplements, its activity is unstable and is constantly decreasing. In addition, with the oral administration of iodine top dressing, gastric juice acts on them, while iodine is restored to a molecular state and again reduces its activity.

It is also known to use iodine preparations prepared in the form of a suspension in liquid paraffin or oil solution, by injection into the muscle of animals. In this case, the dose of potassium iodide is reduced by one third. Intramuscularly injected iodine resolves slowly over 10-15 days. Therefore, intramuscular injections of the drug are usually carried out twice a month. The method of intramuscular injection of potassium iodide in oil in the form of a suspension is convenient when treating a large number of cattle (see Khazipov N.E., Askarova A.N. Animal biochemistry. - Kazan, 1999. - 291 p.). However, the procedure for intramuscular administration of a suspended solution is painful for animals and may require its fixation, causing additional stress and requires additional labor and time with the involvement of additional labor.

The objective of the invention is to develop an effective method for the prevention of iodine deficiency in animals, in particular in cows, with a minimum of labor and money without causing stress in animals and without involving additional staff by the veterinary service staff, using well-known and generally available components and preparations.

The problem is solved in that animals in the iodine-deficient region for the prevention, in particular, diseases of the reproductive organs of the reproductive organs in cows and for obtaining healthy offspring, are administered a 5% solution of potassium iodide in TETRAVIT in a dose of 10 ml to newborn cows on the first day after calving and again after 14 days, and dry cows an additional 50-60 days before delivery, and the drug is injected into the pararectal tissue in the area of the sciatic-rectal fossa of animals, while the solution for administration is prepared before administration by dvaritelnogo dissolving potassium iodide in distilled water with mixing to the oil solution Tetravitum. The prepared preparation is conditionally called Vitaiod.

The main indicators and parameters of the method as a 5% concentration of potassium iodide in an oil solution for injection TETRAVIT, a dose of 10 ml, the injection site and timing of administration are determined practically and verified empirically, taking into account previous studies and experiments and data on scientific, technical and specialized literature including foreign experience.

The novelty of the invention is that the iodine preparation, prepared on a TETRAVIT injection oil solution and administered parenterally, dissolves slowly, eliminating the need for daily supplementation, ensuring accurate and maximum use of the drug, since it enters directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the stomach and liver. In addition, a 5% solution of potassium iodide in TETRAVIT prepared according to the proposed method is injected into the pararectal tissue into the area of the sciatic-rectal fossa, which, unlike the intramuscular injection of the iodine solution, does not create pain when the drug is administered and allows injections without fixing the animal. In addition, approaching the animal from behind is the most safe and convenient.

The injection points of the needle during the introduction of the drug are the anteroposterior angles of well-defined fossae located on the sides of the tail root, which are well defined visually or by palpation. The front and outside points of injection are limited by the sacro-sciatic ligament, the inner side by the sacral and caudal vertebrae.

Preparation of Vitaioda begins by weighing the required amount of potassium iodide (Kalii iodidum). When mixing the components, a certain sequence is observed. First, potassium iodide is mixed to dissolve with a small amount of distilled water. Then the resulting solution is injected into TETRAVIT (a solution of vitamins A, D ₃ , E, F in oil for injection) to a predetermined concentration of 5% potassium iodide in the mixture. When preparing the preparation, use TETRAVIT manufactured by Lena LLC, Kirov - registration certificate No. PO24-2-2.2.2-2253, registered in the Russian Federation under No.PVR-2-4.0 / 00453 dated October 21, 2002. Before use, the preparation is additionally mixed with shaking to visually uniform composition.

Practical testing of this method was carried out in the conditions of scientific and production experiments. Determining the effectiveness of the method was carried out taking into account changes in the results of clinical observations, biochemical parameters and the level of iodine excreted in the urine.

Before the experiment, clinical examinations of cows were conducted. The research results indicated clear signs of iodine deficiency: chubat and mane (10.42-15.42%), foci of allopecia (2.28%), thickened folds on the neck (17.71-21.76%), dry skin ( 18.84-22.86%), pallor of the mucous membranes (10.28-17.64%), bradycardia (10.59-19.43%). In significant quantities, cases of osteodystrophy were recorded (21.82% -43.35%).

There was also a high incidence of reproductive organs: retention of the placenta (7.36–23.5%), subinvolution of the uterus (27.41–62.4%) and endometritis (31.0–51.9%).

The level of perinatal losses (abortion, stillbirths, death in the first 10 days of life) previously amounted to 9.26-9.11%. When examining newborn calves, cases of thyroid enlargement (6.38-18.75%) were detected, which were determined only by palpation.

To study the transdermal administration of a 5% potassium iodide solution for the reproductive function of cows in the agricultural company Uralskaya, Sverdlovsk Region, two scientific and production experiments were performed.

The first experiment was performed on two groups of newborn cow-analogues of 18 goals each. The cows of the experimental group in pararectal tissue in the area of the sciatic-rectal fossa were injected with a 5% solution of potassium iodide on tetravite (at a dose of 10 ml) on the first day after calving and again after 14 days. The course of the postpartum period, the timing of the restoration of sexual cyclicity after childbirth, and quantitative indicators of reproductive function were taken into account.

Table 1 Postpartum period (n = 18) Indicator Control group Experienced group n % n % Uterine Subinvolution 7 38.88 four 22.22 Endometritis 8 44,44 5 27.77

The results of the study of the postpartum period indicate that in the experimental group there were 16.66% fewer cases of postpartum pathology - subinvolution of the uterus, postpartum endometritis by 16.67% (Table 1).

table 2 Indicators of the reproductive function of cows Indicator The control group (M ± m) Experimental group (M ± m) Restoration of the sexual cycle after calving, days 55.72 ± 5.33 46.70 ± 4.70 Fertility from the first insemination,% 17.60 22.22 Fertility from the second insemination,% 33.33 47.05 Total fertilization,% 92.6 one hundred Insemination index 3.72 ± 0.60 2.47 ± 0.25 * The period from childbirth to fruitful insemination, days. 85.22 ± 15.89 70.25 ± 10.20 * Note: * - significant reduction (P <0.05)

In cows that were injected with 5% iodine preparation, fertility from the first insemination was 1.26 times higher, from the second insemination 1.4 times higher than in control animals; the timing of restoration of sexual cyclicity after childbirth is shorter by 9.02 days; the period from childbirth to fertilization - by 14.97 days. There was a significant reduction in the insemination index in cows of the experimental group (1.5 times). The data are presented in table 2.

For the second experiment, two groups of analog cows were formed with 18 animals each with a gestational age of 225-230 days. In the experimental group of cows, a 5% solution of potassium iodide on tetravite is injected into the pararectal tissue into the area of the sciatic-rectal fossa in a dose of 10 ml according to the following scheme according to the method: twice 50-60 days before delivery and in the postpartum period (on the day of delivery and through 14 days). The second group of cows served as control, kept separately and received only an economic diet.

Before the start of the experiment and two weeks after the administration of the drug to the experimental group, urine samples for iodine excretion were taken from the cows of both groups.

To study the effect of the introduction of a 5% solution of potassium iodide on tetravite on the indicators of homeostasis, blood and blood serum samples were taken before the experiment and 30 days after treatment.

Further, the course of childbirth and the postpartum period was studied, the weight and condition of newborn calves, their growth and incidence in the first month of life were determined. After insemination and pregnancy, quantitative indicators of reproductive function were analyzed.

Before the start of the experiment, there were no significant differences between the results of blood tests of cows from the experimental and control groups. At the lower level of the physiological norm were indicators of inorganic phosphorus, total calcium and magnesium.

The results of laboratory studies showed that the average level of iodine in the urine two weeks after administration of the drug increased by 26.3 μg / l compared with the initial data. Moreover, after treatment with the drug, the median ioduria in experimental cows increased 5.1 times (Table 3).

Table 3 The effect of parenteral administration of 5% potassium iodide on tetravite on the level of iodine in the urine Indicator Initial data After 14 days Control group n = 18 Experimental group n = 18 Control group n = 18 Experimental group n = 18 Urinary iodine, mcg / l 13.37 ± 2.74 13.40 ± 4.70 11.27 ± 3.44 40.00 ± 5.95 * Medium of ioduria, mcg / L 10.0 4.9 7.4 25.0 * * - difference with control is significant (P <0.05)

The results of a biochemical analysis of blood and blood serum showed that the introduction of 5% iodine preparation according to the proposed method contributed to the normalization of metabolic processes in animals of the experimental group. This was expressed in an increase in glucose - by 11.7%, reserve alkalinity - by 18.7%, total protein - by 12.3%, total calcium - by 4.4%, inorganic phosphorus - by 11.1%, carotene - by 15.5% compared with control animals (table 4).

Observations of the course of pregnancy and childbirth showed that in the cows of the control group there were 2 cases of perinatal and 1 case of postanatal fetal death; in the experimental group, these deviations were not observed. Data on the course of labor in cows are presented in table 5.

The data indicate that in cows that underwent correction of iodine deficiency with 5% potassium iodide solution on tetravite, there were 1.66 times fewer cases of retention of the placenta than in animals of the control group.

Table 4 Biochemical blood parameters of cows with parenteral administration of 5% potassium iodide on tetravite Indicator Initial data 30 days after processing The control group (M ± m) Experimental group (M ± m) The control group (M ± m) Experimental group (M ± m) Total protein, g / l 77.10 ± 1.90 78.60 ± 1.3 70.90 ± 3.00 79.60 ± 3.50 * Glucose, mmol / L 2.55 ± 0.07 2.31 ± 0.09 2.53 ± 0.20 2.81 ± 0.21 * Reserve alkalinity, vol.% CO ₂ 54.97 ± 8.29 57.23 ± 8.03 49.60 ± 5.10 58.90 ± 5.19 * Cholesterol, mmol / L 3.93 ± 0.46 3.78 ± 0.36 3.55 ± 0.12 3.51 ± 0.18 Vitamin E, μmol / L 16.52 ± 0.60 17.20 ± 0.56 18.48 ± 1.56 19.01 ± 2.12 Carotene, μmol / L 12.57 ± 1.18 12.65 ± 1.12 7.12 ± 0.36 8.36 ± 0.37 * Total calcium, mmol / l 2.60 ± 0.16 2.58 ± 0.14 2.48 ± 0.09 2.59 ± 0.04 * Inorganic phosphorus, mmol / l 1.76 ± 0.28 1.69 ± 0.11 1.71 ± 0.10 1.90 ± 0.05 * Magnesium, mmol / L 0.84 ± 0.03 0.77 ± 0.05 0.79 ± 0.08 0.77 ± 0.05 Chlorides, mg% 167.23 ± 5.92 166.31 ± 3.5 166.42 ± 4.70 171.46 ± * - difference with control is significant (P <0.05)

When studying the postpartum period (Table 6), it was found that in cows that were injected with iodine according to the proposed method, compared with the control, there was a reduction in cases of postpartum pathology: uterine subinvolution by 1.2 times, endometritis by 1.5 times.

Table 5 The course of labor in cows Indicator Control group n = 18 Experimental group n = 18 n % n % Cows calved 16 88.88 eighteen one hundred Normal birth 8 fifty 13 72.22 Pathological birth 8 fifty 5 27.77 Retention of the placenta 5 31.25 3 16.66 Operational department of the placenta 2 12.5 one 5.55

In addition, two cases of postpartum, hypocalcemia were diagnosed in the control group, and one in the experimental group (Table 6).

Table 6 The course of the postpartum period in cows Indicator Control group Experienced group n % n % Postpartum Hypocalcemia 2 12.5 one 5.55 Uterine Subinvolution 6 37.5 5 27.77 Acute endometritis 7 43.75 5 27.77

The results of the study of newborn calves are presented in table 7.

Table 7 The condition of newborn calves Indicator The control group (M ± m) Experimental group (M ± m) Received calves, goal. fifteen eighteen The average mass of calves on birth, kg 30.06 ± 1.08 30.16 ± 0.94 The average daily increase in calves, g 483.86 ± 33.97 540.50 ± 21.70 * The incidence of calves in the first month of life,% 20,0 11.11 * - Note: significant increase (P <0.05)

From the data shown in table 7, it is seen that the calf obtained from the treated cows had an average daily gain of 56.64 g during the first month of life. The incidence in calves of the experimental group also decreased by 8.89%. The mass of experimental and control calves at birth did not differ significantly. In calves of the control group, this indicator was 30.06 ± 1.08 kg and in calves of the experimental group, 30.16 ± 0.94 kg.

Quantitative indicators of the reproductive function of cows are presented in table 8. They indicate that the period from birth to restoration of the sexual cycle in cows of the experimental group was shorter by 11.9 days (the difference is significant). Accordingly, the period from childbirth to fertilization (service period) was significantly reduced by 31.47 days (P <0.05).

Table 8 Indicators of the reproductive function of cows Indicator Control group Experienced group Restoration of the sexual cycle after calving, days 62.63 ± 4.82 50.66 ± 4.04 * Fertility from the first insemination,% 53.74 57.14 Insemination index 1.58 ± 0.21 1,50 ± 0,17 The period from childbirth to fertilization, days. 140.94 ± 7.25 109.47 ± 6.95 * * - Note: significant increase (P <0.05)

In scientific and industrial experiments, parenteral administration of 5% potassium iodide in TETRAVIT reduced the level of obstetric pathology in cows, allowed to shorten the duration of the period from childbirth to the restoration of the sexual cycle and the period from childbirth to fertilization, and increased fertility from the first insemination. Additional administration of the drug in the early dry period (50-60 days before birth) positively affected the condition and development of newborn calves.

The cost-effectiveness of preventive measures to neutralize iodine deficiency in cows is presented in table 9.

The use of a 5% solution of potassium iodide in TETRAVIT according to the proposed method for correcting the reproductive function of cows in conditions of iodine deficiency is economically feasible and promising, does not require large additional costs.

Table 9 Data for calculating economic efficiency Experience 1 (the introduction of 5% potassium iodide in the postpartum period) Experience 2 (the introduction of 5% potassium iodide 50-60 days before birth and 2 times in the postpartum period) The average selling price of 1 centner of milk, rub. 560.00 560.00 The period from calving to fertilization: Experienced group, days 70.25 109.47 The control group, days 85.22 140.94 Reduced milk yield on 1 day of infertility, kg 3.30 6.20 Costs per head, rub. 26.31 34.54

The economic effect on the ruble of costs calculated on the prevented damage due to the reduction of the period from childbirth to fertilization, that is, due to the reduction of days of infertility, amounts to 12.77 rubles and 33.45 rubles per ruble of additional costs.

An unobvious effect of the proposed method for the prevention of diseases of the reproductive organs in cows is the birth of more healthy offspring in cows while reducing the incidence of postpartum pathology (tables 5; 6; 7).

The application of the method contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes in cows, stimulates the growth of the obtained calves and improves the reproductive function of animals.

The method can be widely used both in the Urals zone and in other zones and regions of the Russian Federation, in which iodine deficiency is recorded in farm animals, in particular in cows.

Claims (2)

1. A method for the prevention of diseases of the reproductive organs of cows in the iodine-deficient region, comprising administering to the animals potassium iodide, characterized in that the animals are administered parenterally potassium iodide in the form of a 5% solution in tetravite in a dose of 10 ml, the drug being injected into the sciatic area in pararectal tissue - rectal fossa of animals, while newborn cows are administered the drug on the first day after calving and again after 14 days. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drug is administered to dry cows 50-60 days before delivery and in the postpartum period twice on the day of delivery and 14 days after delivery.