RU2457678C2 - Method of growing piglets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The method consists in the fact that piglets consume humic feed supplement of peat with a concentration of humic acid 10000 mg/l. And the piglets are fed with humic peat supplement before the birth through the placenta of pregnant sow, which diet is enriched with humic peat supplement for three weeks before farrowing in a dose of 0.20-0.40 ml/kg body weight, and after farrowing before being transferred to the nursery with sow milk, which diet is enriched with humic peat supplement in the same dose until weaning.

EFFECT: method enables to eliminate the mortality of newborn piglets, to increase the number of viable piglets and accelerate the putting on live weight till the time of transfer to the nursery, as well as enhance the effectiveness of preventive therapy of iron deficiency anemia of piglets.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of growing piglets, to the field of preventive and recreational activities aimed at improving the safety of the livestock of piglets and increasing the intensity of their growth. The problem of finding tools that regulate the activity of the protective mechanisms of the animal organism has acquired particular urgency in modern conditions, since the production technologies of animal husbandry products put on an industrial basis take little into account the physiological characteristics of animals. This leads to a decrease in the resistance of their body, the occurrence of diseases of various etiologies, and a decrease in the growth and development rates. Currently, in pig farms young stock reaches 40%, including the slaughter of small animals.

The invention can be used on pig industrial complexes, on small commodity farms with various technologies for raising animals, in pedigree and farms.

A known method of growing weaned piglets / 1 /, including the introduction into the feed of a biologically active additive. As a biologically active additive, a mixture of zinc oxide and a protein supplement of plant origin, similar in nutrition to fishmeal, is used in a ratio of 1: 4, respectively. It is introduced to piglets in an amount of 1.5-2.0% of the total mass of feed.

A known method of growing piglets, taken as a prototype / 2 / and comprising introducing into the diet a humic feed additive from peat obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and a working solution of humic feed additive obtained by diluting the mother liquor is added to the diet humic feed additives until the content of humic acids in it is 10,000 mg / l, and on the first day, an adaptation dose of 0.1 ml per kg of live weight per day is introduced, and starting from the third day, in a dose of 0.5-0.7 ml per kg of live weight once a day.

The disadvantage of the described methods for growing piglets is that feed additives begin to be used only for piglets for growing, which does not provide the necessary rate of increase in live weight of piglets in an earlier (dairy) period of life with insufficient milk production of sows. In addition, all known modern technologies for growing piglets include measures to prevent the development of iron deficiency anemia. To this end, piglets on the 2nd day after birth are injected intramuscularly with various iron-containing preparations, the use of which has undesirable side effects: stresses, leading to a decrease in weight gain, low bioavailability and toxicity.

The invention is aimed at eliminating these disadvantages and lies in the fact that the method of growing and preventing diseases of piglets includes the consumption by piglets of a humic feed additive from peat with a concentration of humic acids of 10,000 mg / l, obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, moreover piglets receive a humic feed additive from peat before birth through the placental barrier of a pregnant sow, into the diet of which a humic feed additive is introduced from peat for three weeks before farrowing at a dose of 0.20-0.40 ml / kg of live weight, and after farrowing before transferring to growing a sow with milk, into the diet of which a humic feed additive from peat in the same dose is introduced before weaning piglets.

There were no reports on the effect of the humic feed additive from peat obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide on the fertility and viability of newborn piglets through exposure to the body of a pregnant sow.

New in the claimed invention is that a humic feed additive from peat is introduced into the diet of pregnant and lactating sows, which ensures the birth of more viable offspring, faster rates of weight gain and high milk production of sows.

The use of humic feed additives from peat increases the effectiveness of measures to prevent iron deficiency anemia in piglets, as it contains iron and vitamins K and group B, which contribute to better absorption of the element. And, in addition, the additive, having an adaptogenic effect, reduces the degree of stress of piglets during intramuscular administration of iron-containing drugs.

Doses of application of humic feed additives from peat are determined by experimental selection and calculation method. The timing of the introduction of humic additives in the diet of pregnant sows is determined taking into account zootechnical techniques for keeping animals.

Example 1. Obtaining a humic feed additive from peat. Peat is mixed with 0.5% aqueous ammonia and 0.6% aqueous hydrogen peroxide, heated to 140 ° C with constant stirring and the liquid phase is separated. The liquid phase, which is a concentrated mother liquor, contains at least 45,000 mg / l of humic acids.

The working solution is obtained by diluting the mother liquor with distilled or boiled water to a content of 10,000 mg / l of humic acids and iron - 60 mg / l. The working solution in its composition also contains other useful components, including 16 amino acids, as well as a complex of vitamins involved in the metabolism of iron in the body.

Animal experiments were carried out on pregnant sows obtained as a result of interbreeding Large Belaya and Landras, with a live weight of 170-220 kg and their offspring. All experimental animals were kept on a commercial farm in a typical room on the main diet. Animals were divided into control and experimental groups. From 84 days of gestation and until weaning piglets for growing sows of experimental groups received a humic agent from peat in the form of a working solution obtained according to example 1, at a dose of 0.20-0.40 ml / kg of live weight once a day. On the 2nd day after birth, all piglets were injected intramuscularly with the iron-containing preparation Ferranimal in the amount of 2 ml and the vitamin and mineral complex Eleovit in the amount of 1 ml.

Example 2. The experiment was carried out on 32 pregnant sows. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 8 animals: one control group and 3 experimental. The sows of the experimental groups received a humic agent from peat in the form of a working solution obtained according to example 1, daily once a day in doses of 0.20 ml / kg live weight (group 1), 0.30 ml / kg of live weight (group 2) 0.40 ml / kg body weight (group 3). The results of the experiment are shown in table 1.

An analysis of the data in Table 1 allows us to conclude that the introduction of a humic feed additive from peat into the diet of pregnant sows for three weeks before farrowing at a dose of 0.20-0.40 ml / kg of live weight eliminates the mortality of newborn piglets by 10 -20% increases the number of viable piglets. The average live weight of 1 litter is increased by 8.6-12.3%.

Table 1 Indicator Group The control Experience 1
0.20 ml / kg Experience 2
0.30 ml / kg Experience 3
0.40 ml / kg Number of sows, heads 8 8 8 8 Piglets born - total goals 77 82 88 86 Including live heads 76 82 88 86 Living of the total number of births,% 98.7 one hundred one hundred one hundred The number of weakened piglets at birth, goals (live weight less than 0.7 kg)
Of the total number of live piglets,% 6
7.9 3
3,7 four
4.5 3
3,5 Left to grow heads 70 79 84 83 Received per 1 sow: 9.6 10.25 eleven 10.75 Newborn piglets total, goals 9.5 10.25 eleven 10.75 Including live heads including viable heads 8.75 9.88 10.5 10.38 at % one hundred 109.8 120.0 115.3 Live weight of live newborn piglets in the group, kg 69.18 72.52 77.71 79.60 The average live weight of one litter of live piglets, kg 8.65 9.39 9.71 9.59 % one hundred 108.6 112.3 110.9 The average live weight of one litter at the age of 60 days, kg 134.75 149.2 153.8 152.6 % one hundred 110.7 114.1 109.6 Milk sows for 2 months, kg 126.1 139.8 144.1 143.0 % one hundred 110.9 114.3 113.4

According to the invention, the piglets are transferred to growing after weaning with an average live weight of 16.7 kg, while in the prototype method, the average live weight of piglets when set up for growing is 9.2 kg. It is known that every 0.1 kg of live weight during weaning reduces the time of feeding an animal to slaughter weight by 1 day / 3 /. Thus, in comparison with the prototype method, the claimed invention will reduce the time for obtaining marketable products.

The introduction into the ration of lactating sows of a humic feed additive from peat in the studied doses contributes to an increase in sows' milk yield by 10.9-14.3%. The best performance was ensured by the use of a humic feed additive from peat at a dose of 0.3 ml / kg. A further increase in dose is not advisable, since it does not lead to an increase in the above indicators.

The following experiment was carried out taking into account the best dose indicator, defined in example 2, equal to 0.30 ml / kg of live weight.

Example 3

The experiment was carried out on 20 pregnant sows. Animals were divided into 2 groups of 10 animals (control and experimental). The sows of the experimental group received a humic agent from peat in the form of a working solution obtained according to example 1, once a day daily at a dose of 0.30 ml / kg of live weight. The number of piglets in the litter and in the control and in the experiment was from 5 to 14 goals, and their weight at birth varied significantly.

The experimental results are shown in table 2.

table 2 Number of sows Number of piglets in the nest Number of piglets in total The average weight of 1 pig, kg Milk sows, kg Was born Left to grow At birth When transferring to growing The control 3 5-7 17 17 0.959 ± 0.012 18.834 ± 0.164 101.29 3 8-10 26 25 0.984 ± 0.02 17,160 ± 0,245 134.80 four 12-14 52 44 0.840 ± 0.01 11.875 ± 0.233 121.39 Experience 2 5-7 eleven eleven 1.014 ± 0.012 ^* 19,400 ± 0,195 101.23 0 8-10 - - - - - 8 12-14 98 94 0.832 ± 0.09 13.916 ± 0.238 ^* 153.74 Note * - the differences are significant with the same control at the appropriate time

The most pronounced effect of the humic feed additive had on the set of live weight of the offspring of sows with multiple pregnancy (12-14 goals in the litter). The weight of piglets at birth in the experiment and control did not differ, but when switching to rearing, the piglets of the experimental group significantly exceeded their counterparts in the control by 17.2%, and the sows' milk yield was 26.6% higher.

Example 4

On the 2nd and 46th day after birth, in all piglets, the parameters of erythrocytes and hemoglobin were determined using conventional methods. These values, as well as indicators of live weight, differed depending on the number of piglets in the litter. The experimental results are shown in table 3.

Table 3 Groups of piglets Total qty
viable piglets Average birth weight, kg Red blood cells Hemoglobin on the 2nd day on the 46th day on the 2nd day on the 46th day Control 5-7 piglets in the nest 17 0.96 ± 0.01 4.31 ± 0.05 4.68 ± 0.14 10.22 ± 0.07 10.32 ± 0.23 Experiment 5-7 piglets in the nest eleven 1.01 ± 0.01 4.12 ± 0.04 5.32 ± 0.06 *** 10.17 ± 0.04 11.60 ± 0.15 *** Control 12-14 piglets in the nest 44 0.84 ± 0.01 3.92 ± 0.04 4.68 ± 0.31 9.92 ± 0.04 11.16 ± 0.10 Experience 12-14 piglets in the nest 94 0.83 ± 0.10 3.98 ± 0.05 5.08 ± 0.05 *** 10.09 ± 0.07 11.93 ± 0.09 *** Notes: *) the differences are significant with the same control at the appropriate time **) the differences are significant with the indicators on the 2nd day in the corresponding groups.

The use of a humic feed supplement in pregnant sows did not affect the red blood indices of piglets: on the 2nd day after birth, the content of red blood cells and hemoglobin in all animals was at the level of the lower limit of normal. In the control, on the 46th day after birth, in piglets with their number in the litter of 5-7 goals, these indicators after the standard preventive therapy remained at the initial level, and with the number of 12-14 goals in the litter, the number of red blood cells increased by 19.4%, the hemoglobin level - by 12.5%. The effectiveness of therapy in piglets of the experimental group was higher regardless of their number in the litter: the level of red blood cells significantly increased by 27.6-29.1%, hemoglobin by 14.1-18.2%.

Thus, the introduction of humic feed additives from peat into sows feed allows to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in piglets.

Judging by the experiments, we can conclude that the claimed method of growing pigs can eliminate the mortality of newborn piglets, increase the number of viable piglets and accelerate the gain in live weight by the time of transfer to rearing, as well as increase the effectiveness of preventive therapy for iron deficiency anemia of piglets.

The method is recommended for improving the number of piglets in pig farms, farms and private farmsteads.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2372791, IPC A23K 1/00, publ. November 20, 2009, "A method of growing weaned piglets."

2. RF patent No. 2380902, IPC А01К 67/02, publ. 02/10/2010, "A method of growing piglets."

3. Close B. This difficult post-weaning period. // Livestock of Russia. 2007. No. 10. S.31-33.

Claims (1)

A method of growing piglets, including the consumption by piglets of a humic feed additive from peat with a humic acid concentration of 10,000 mg / l, obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, characterized in that the piglets receive a humic feed additive from peat before birth through the placental barrier a pregnant sow, in the diet of which a humic feed additive from peat is introduced for three weeks before farrowing at a dose of 0.20-0.40 ml / kg of live weight, and after farrowing before transferring to aschivanie milk of the sow, which is administered in the diet fodder additive humic peat at the same doses.