RU2373762C1 - Method of feeding nonmilking cows before calving under conditions of selenium insufficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to feeding animals under the conditions of selenium insufficiency. The method involves using preparation NUTRIL^R Se as a polyvitaminic selenium-containing additive and NUTRIL^R Se is added into the fodder within two courses 40 days before calving at the dose of 0.02 g/kg of the cow's weight for 10 days and the second course of feeding the preparation is performed 10 days before calving.

EFFECT: invention enables to increase birth rate of calves and reduce morbidity rate of the newborn.

2 cl, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to feeding animals in the absence of selenium in feed, and can be used both in large livestock complexes, and in private or farms, especially in the period before calving of cows in order to obtain healthy offspring.

The well-known "Method of feeding farm animals", in which an animal diet is supplemented with selenium-containing preparation selenopyran in an amount of 0.3 mg per 1 kg of feed and biologically active additive "Alexandrina" in an amount of 0.5 g per 1 kg of live weight (see Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2276866, A23K 1/16, publ. May 27, 2006 Bull. No. 15).

The proposed composition is used to improve the quality of milk in cows during lactation and improve the digestibility of feed.

Also known is the “Kisolan” feed additive and its feeding method. ” The feed additive is made on the basis of condensed milk whey, contains vitamin E and an organic compound of selenium in the form of dimethylpyrazolyl selenide, while the additive is fed to animals 0.4-4.0 g per 1 kg of animal weight per day for the entire growing period according to the scheme: 5 days feeding - 2 days off, and after 25-30 days of feeding make a week-long break (see RF Patent No. 2211578, A23K 1/08. Publ. September 10, 2003 Bull. No. 25).

With a wide range of possible uses, such an additive is not industrially produced, and the scheme of its application is quite complicated for mass application.

Also known is the "Drug for the prevention, treatment of selenium deficiency in farm animals and the method of its manufacture." The preparation contains barium selenite (4.5-5.5%) and liquid paraffin, with an average dispersion of the preparation of 1.0-5.0 microns. The drug is administered at a dose of 0.5-2.0 mg per 1 kg of body weight, subcutaneously (see RF Patent No. 2201237, A61K 33/04. Publ. March 27, 2003 Bull. No. 9).

With good results, the drug requires injection, includes a toxic component (barium selenite) and is a single drug.

Known complex preparation of a wide spectrum of action "E-selenium" produced by Nita-Farm ZAO Saratov, in the form of a water-soluble complex of vitamin E and selenium. The drug is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously once every 2-4 months at a dose to adult animals - 1 ml per 50 kg of body weight (see E-selenium "Zooindustriya", All-Russian Information and Advertising Bulletin 12.2004, p.7).

The objective of the invention is to develop a method of feeding dry cows before calving in conditions of selenium deficiency using a commercially available complex-acting preparation, without injection, convenient to use, but allowing to eliminate or reduce selenium deficiency not only in cows, but also in those obtained from these cows calves, with minimal time and money for the treatment and maintenance of animals.

The problem is solved in that as a selenium-containing additive to the diet of dry cows, NUTRIL ^R Se is used, and the drug is administered in two courses orally with food, starting 40 days before calving at a dose of 0.02 g per 1 kg of cow body weight, for 10 days and a repeated feeding of the drug is carried out 10 days before calving, while NUTRIL ^R Se is administered in powder form once a day with feed for the course daily using NUTRIL ^R Se manufactured by LEK pharmaceutical company d.d. Slovenia (Lek Pharmaceuticals dd Lyubliana, Slovenia).

NUTRIL ^R SE (Nutrile Selenium Pulvis Slubilis Nutril-Se) is available as a yellow crystalline powder with a specific odor that is soluble in water. One kg of powder contains 20,000,000 IU of vitamin A; 1250 mg of vitamin B ₁ ; 2500 mg of vitamin B ₂ ; 1750 mg of vitamin B ₆ ; 7.5 mg of vitamin B _12; 20,000 mg of vitamin C; 1,000,000 IU of Vitamin D ₃ ; 5500 mg of vitamin E; 2000 mg of vitamin K ₃ ; 6500 mg of calcium pantothenate; 18000 mg nicotinamide; 40 mg of folic acid; 4000 mg lysine; 4000 mg methionine; 600 mg tryptophan and 33 mg selenium.

Nutrile selenium is a combination of 12 vitamins, 3 essential amino acids and selenium. Vitamins are involved in metabolism as catalysts and are necessary to ensure the normal functioning of the body. Selenium prevents digestive disorders and increases the nonspecific resistance of the body to various environmental influences.

The drug is recommended for birds, cattle, horses, pigs, sheep and goats with the following indications: hypo and vitamin deficiencies, stress conditions, shortening the recovery period after the disease, in order to strengthen resistance to infections, protect liver and muscle tissue, increase the nonspecific resistance of the body .

Recommended dosage and method of application: 100 g of Nutrile Selenium powder is dissolved in 200 l of drinking water. This is the daily dose for 1250 laying hens, 2000 young hens, 2000-2500 chickens or 500 turkeys. Calves and foals that have switched to pasture are given 2 g (about Ѕ teaspoon) of Nutrile Selenium powder per day dissolved in drinking water. Weaning piglets are given 0.4-0.8 g Nutrile selenium powder per day dissolved in drinking water (1/2 teaspoon per 10 weaners). It is recommended to prepare a fresh solution every day.

Nutrile selenium is packed in 100 g plastic bags and 1 kg plastic cans; polyethylene bags of 25 kg.

Nutril selenium is stored as list B, in a dry place at a temperature of 0-25 ° C.

Manufacturer ЛЕК pharmaceutical company d.d. Slovenia.

The novelty of the proposed method is that the known drug Nutri ^R Se is used for a new purpose - for feeding dry cows before calving in terms of selenium deficiency in the new dosage (0.02 g / kg weight) in a dry form with the compound feed, according to the new scheme - for 40 days before calving in two courses of 10 days, and the second course is carried out 10 days before calving.

After testing the drug in laboratory animals and testing the drug administration scheme, a study was conducted of the effect of NUTRIL ^R Se on the state of metabolic processes in dry cows and calves obtained from them under production conditions.

For the experiment, 30 dry cows were selected 40 days before calving. The animals were divided into 2 groups of 15 animals each.

The animals of the experimental group were daily given the inside of NUTRIL ^R Se at a dose of 0.02 g / kg for 10 days. A second course of feeding the drug was carried out 10 days before calving.

Animals of the control group did not receive the drug. The duration of the experiment was 40 days. During the experiment, a clinical examination of the animals was carried out, the state of metabolic processes was monitored according to the results of hematological and biochemical blood tests. Take into account the course of childbirth and the postpartum period, the condition of newborn calves. Blood was taken for all types of studies at the beginning of the experiment, 14 and 30 days after the start of giving Nutril ^R Se.

The results of a biochemical blood test are presented in table 1.

As can be seen from the data obtained, the biochemical parameters in the control group do not represent significant changes at the time of the end of the experiment. But the biochemical parameters of the experimental group vary significantly.

Table 1 Biochemical blood parameters when using NUTRIL ^R Se according to the proposed method Indicators Background metrics After 14 days After 30 days The control Experience The control Experience The control Experience Glucose, mol / L 2.26 ± 0.2 2.18 ± 0.27 2.17 ± 0.22 3.41 ± 0.29 2.18 ± 0.14 4.05 ± 0.25 Total protein, g / l 62.96 ± 4.35 63.04 ± 4.24 62.07 ± 4.41 70.39 ± 4.33 63.59 ± 4.83 83.02 ± 4.07 Albumin,% 17.13 ± 4.59 18.51 ± 4.82 17.28 ± 4.03 28.13 ± 4.1 18.19 ± 4.63 33.02 ± 4.36 α-globulins,% 30.98 ± 4.86 30.78 ± 4.51 31.16 ± 4.19 20.99 ± 4.42 31.20 ± 4.62 18.52 ± 4.29 β-globulins 38.52 ± 6.04 39.28 ± 5, b8 38.84 ± 6.04 24.03 ± 6.18 37.72 ± 5.82 19.11 ± 5.84 gamma globulins 13.37 ± 3.43 11.43 ± 3.84 12.72 ± 3.29 26,853,01 12.89 ± 3.52 29.35 ± 3.23 Urea, mol / L 7.99 ± 2.43 8.04 ± 2.41 8.12 ± 2.19 b, 81 ± 2.63 8.23 ± 2.86 5.78 ± 2.15 Cholesterol, mol / L 6.23 ± 2.49 6.48 ± 2.16 6.32 ± 2.14 5.78 ± 2.62 6.16 ± 2.53 4.89 ± 2.52 Total calcium, mol / L 3.53 ± 0.12 3.48 ± 0.18 3.61 ± 0.09 2.73 ± 0.15 3.57 ± 0.11 2.16 ± 0.06 Inorganic phosphorus, mol / l 1.65 ± 0.74 1.71 ± 0.49 1.65 ± 0.59 1.58 ± 0.71 1.63 ± 0.38 1.51 ± 0.58 Thymol test 7.6 ± 2.54 7.7 ± 2.85 7.7 ± 2.31 6.7 ± 2.61 7.6 ± 2.18 6.0 ± 1.98 AST 1.08 ± 0.14 1.1 ± 0.17 ALT 0.76 ± 0.23 0.84 ± 0.21

We note an increase in glucose level to 4.05 mmol / L, with an initial value of 2.18 mmol / L, that is, 85.02 g / L in the control group 2.26 and 2.18 mmol / L at the beginning and at the end of the experiment respectively. The increase in total protein in the experimental group from 63.04 g / l to 83.02 g / l (by 31.7%), albumin from 18.51 to 33.02% g / l (by 78.4%). In the control group, the total protein content remains low - 63.59 g / l at the end of the experiment, initially - 62.96 g / l at the beginning. The increase in albumin in the control group from 17.13% g / l to 18.52% g / l (8.1%) is insignificant.

The urea content in the control group decreases by 28.1% (from 8.04 mmol / L to 5.78 mmol / L), while in the control there is a slight increase in urea level by 3% (from 7.99 mmol / L to 8.23 mmol / L). The cholesterol content is reduced both in the experimental group and in the control. But in the experimental group, the decrease occurs to the borders of the physiological norm by 24.5% (to 4.89 mmol / L), and in the control group by 1.1% (from 6.23 mmol / L to 6.16 mmol / L) and stays above normal.

The thymol test in the control group during the experiment does not change and remains elevated relative to the boundaries of the physiological norm (7.6), in the experimental group there is a decrease of 22.1% (from 7.7 to 6.0).

The state of the antioxidant system was also evaluated. At the beginning of the experiment, the state of the antioxidant system of the cows of the experimental and control groups was approximately at the same level. An increased content of malondialdehyde is observed, which in the control group decreases by the end of the experiment by 46.1%, and in the control group it increases by 1.9%.

After giving Nutril ^R Se, peroxidase activity in cows of the experimental group increases by 33.46%, in the control group, peroxidase activity decreases by 9.8%, the catalase level in the experimental group increases by the end of the experiment by 5.45%, but remains within physiological norm. In the control group there is a gradual decrease in catalase activity by 31.4%. At the same time, the amount of MDA in the experimental group decreases (from 3.93 mmol / L to 2.12 mmol / L) by 46.1%, and in the control group, on the contrary: the amount of LPO products increases (from 3.71 mmol / L to 3.88 μmol / L) by 4.6%.

To control the change in the selenium content in the blood of animals, blood was taken before the start of the experiment, 14 and 30 days after the start of giving Nutril ^R Se. The results are presented in table 2.

table 2 The content of selenium in the blood of cows after feeding NUTRIL ^R Se The content of selenium, μg / l Before experience After 14 days After 30 days Experience 0,027 1,081 1,122 The control 0,029 0,029 0,028

As in the first experiment, the background content of selenium in the blood of the experimental and control groups was 0.027 μg / L and 0.029 μg / L, respectively, that is, reduced compared to the physiological norm. After 14 days in the experimental group, the selenium content increases to 1.081 μg / L, and after 30 to 1.122 μg / L, that is, it increases by 41.6 times. In the control group, we observe a decrease in the selenium content by the end of the experiment, but slightly from 0.029 μg / L to 0.028 μg / L, which is 3.5% lower than the initial value.

When conducting a clinical study in animals of the experimental group, there was a decrease or absence of liver soreness, a decrease in the percussion borders of the organ was also noted, the work of the pancreas normalized (lack of hypotension). We took into account such indicators as delayed molting, elasticity of the skin and hair. At the time of the end of the experiment, molting delays were not observed in the experimental group in animals, in the control group - in 6 cows.

During the experiment, determine the content of selenium in the blood, urine and milk of animals. It was established that the level of selenium in the blood of cows of the first group increased from 0.061 ± 0.01 to 0.109 ± 0.01, in the second - from 0.072 ± 0.01 to 0.099 ± 0.01, in the third - from 0.012 ± 0, 01 to 0.111 ± 0.01 mg / L. In animals of the control group, the content of trace elements in the blood ranged from 0.025-0.046 ± 0.01 mg / L. Urinary selenium increased: in the milking group by 0.074, in the group of pregnant by 0.067, in dry cows by 0.087 mg / l. The selection of selenium with milk in cows of the 1st group increased by 0.077 μg / L.

An analysis of the correlations of the indicators revealed that in all groups there is a direct correlation between the content of selenium in the blood and urine (r = 0.94), milk of cows (r = 0.89).

After calving, the condition of calves and live weight at birth were evaluated (see Table 3).

Table 3 The clinical condition of newborn calves Indicators Control group Experienced group Live weight 29.65 ± 2.34 32.48 ± 1.85 Heart rate 123.21 ± 12.55 113.26 ± 10.35 Color of visible mucous membranes Cyanotic Pink Muscle tone (confident posture of standing) and the appearance of a sucking reflex (several minutes after birth) 92.30 ± 26.60 63.20 ± 15.20

The live weight of calves obtained from the cows of the experimental group was 12% more than that of the control calves. Experienced calves used to get to their feet and actively sucked colostrum.

Calves were also assessed by hematological and biochemical blood tests (see table 4, table 5). When assessing biochemical parameters in calves of the experimental group, the protein content is 3.0% higher than in calves of the control group. We also note a higher glucose level by 5.5%, total calcium by 11.87%, inorganic phosphorus by 4.5%. The urea content, on the contrary, is lower in the experimental group by 24.4% and cholesterol - by 12.6%, respectively. Tomol test is also lower in the blood of calves of the experimental group by 24.3%. In the blood of calves of the experimental group, the content of hemoglobin and red blood cells is 0.51% and 3.1% more, respectively.

Table 4 Biochemical blood counts of newborn calves Indicators Control Group (n = 15) Experimental group (n = 15) Glucose, mol / L 4.20 4.43 Total protein, g / l 70.84 72.97 Total calcium, g / l 2.61 2.92 Inorganic phosphorus, mol / l 1,11 1.16 Urea, mol / L 8.6 6.5 Cholesterol, mol / L 7.0 6.1 Thymol test 7.4 5,6

Table 5 Hematological and biochemical blood parameters of newborn calves Indicators Control Group (n = 15) Experimental group (n = 15) Hemoglobin, g / l 72.11 79.51 Erythrocytes, 10 ¹² / l 5.11 5.47 White blood cells, l0 ⁹ / l 5.12 5.18 Basophils,% 0 0 Eosinophils,% 2.9 3,1 Young,% 1,2 1.42 Stab core,% 3.33 3.49 Segmented,% 27.93 29.04 Monocytes,% 2.69 1.75 T-lymphocytes, 10 ⁹ / l 2.11 ± 0.23 2.10 ± 0.12 B-lymphocytes, 10 ⁹ / l 0.21 ± 0.31 0.24 ± 0.54 * Phagocytic activity of neutrophils (FA),% 37.23 ± 1.11 37.96 ± 0.95 Bactericidal activity of blood serum (BASK),% 45.24 ± 1.25 46.08 ± 2.05 Lysozyme activity of blood serum (LASK),% 21.38 ± 0.23 21.49 ± 0.18 *

From the results obtained (tables 4 and 5) it is seen that the metabolic processes in calves of the experimental group are at a higher level.

Calves were monitored until they reached 30 days of age. During this period, 12 calves fell ill with dyspepsia in the control group, and 4 calves in the experimental group. In the experimental group there were no cases of deaths of animals; in the control group, 2 calves fell. It is also noted that the disease of the calves of the experimental group began at a later date and took place in a milder form - table 6.

Table 6 Incidence of calves Indicators Control Group (n = 15) Experimental group (n = 15) Calves got sick 12 (80.0%) 4 (26.3%) Illness day 1-2 3-4 Preservation,% 86.7 one hundred The gain in live weight, g / day 409.5 ± 32.6 495.8 ± 34.7

In animals, the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood rises. In the experimental group, an increase in hemoglobin by 33.3%, in the control by 26.8%, red blood cells by 25.3% and 9.02%, respectively.

Table 7 The content of selenium in the blood of calves Indicators Newborns After 10 days After 30 days Control group (n = 10) Experimental group (n = 10) Control group (n = 10) Experimental group (n = 10) Control group (n = 10) Experimental group (n = 10) Selenium, mcg / l 0,080 0.478 0,072 0.464 0,053 0.352

The use of NUTRIL ^R Se contributes to an increase in the average daily gain in live weight (the difference with the control is significant), as well as a tendency for faster recovery of the calves of the experimental group, and the disease proceeded in a milder form.

The selenium content in the blood of calves of the control group is constantly decreasing with age. In experimental calves, a sharp decrease in the content of selenium does not occur, which contributes to an increase in the immunobiological reactivity of the body.

Table 8 Hematological and immunological blood counts of 30-day-old calves Indicators Control Group (n = 15) Experimental group (n = 15) Hemoglobin, g / l 82.21 89.63 Erythrocytes, 10 ¹² / l 5.56 6.07 White blood cells, 10 ⁹ / l 5.55 5.94 Basophils, 10 ⁹ / L 0 0 Eosinophils, 10 ⁹ / L 3.3 3.2 Youth10 ⁹ / L 2.5 2.45 Band stab, · 10 ⁹ / l 3.33 2.65 Segmented,% 25.31 27.24 Monocytes,% 4.22 3.15 T-lymphocytes, 10 ⁹ / l 2.11 ± 0.23 4.10 ± 0.12 B-lymphocytes, 10 ⁹ / l 0.21 ± 0.31 0.64 ± 0.54 * Phagocytic activity of neutrophils (FA),% 33.58 ± 8.34 39.66 ± 5.68 * Bactericidal activity of blood serum (BASK),% 42.15 ± 11.23 48.21 ± 12.25 Lysozyme activity of blood serum (LASK),% 23.55 ± 6.31 28.34 ± 5.92 *

According to the results of the production experiment, it is clear that the non-obvious effect of the proposed method for feeding dry cows before calving in conditions of selenium deficiency is that it works not only on cows, but also has a significant effect on calves received from these cows, improving their immune status, general condition and increasing live weight (table 6; 7, 8).

The proposed method is simple to implement, does not require large expenditures, and can be recommended for widespread use both in livestock complexes, and in private and farms in conditions of selenium deficiency.

Claims (2)

1. The method of feeding dry cows before calving in conditions of selenium deficiency, including feeding the main diet and the introduction of a multivitamin selenium-containing additive, characterized in that the preparation NUTRIL ^R Se is used as a multivitamin selenium-containing additive, and NUTRIL ^R Se is administered in two courses inside with feed for 40 days before calving at a dose of 0.02 g / kg of cow weight for 10 days, and a second course of feeding the drug is carried out 10 days before calving. 2. The method of feeding dry cows before calving in conditions of selenium deficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that NUTRIL ^R Se is administered in powder form 1 time per day with feed for the course daily.