JPH10165109A - Feed composition and feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a feed compsn. which prevents the noninfectious diarrhea disease by the rapid change in the environment and feed of domestic animals, poultry and pets, malnutrition and the influence of transportation, etc., improves treatment and ameliorates the decrease in body weights and the degradation in meat quality by incorporating theanine into this feed. SOLUTION: The feed compsn. which ameliorates the symptom under non- relaxation, the decrease in the body weights by transportation, and movement, the deterioration of meat colors, the degradation in the meat quality, etc., by incorporating the theanine of >=10% in purity into the compsn. The daily dosage of the theanine is preferably specified to 0.1 to 30mg/kg, more preferably 0.1 to 3mg/kg.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to the prevention, treatment or weight loss of non-infectious diarrhea due to the effects of sudden changes in the environment and feed, malnutrition, transportation and movement of livestock, poultry and pets. And a feed containing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a feed composition containing theanine and a feed containing the same.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Livestock, poultry and companion animals include not only infectious diarrhea caused by pathogenic bacteria, toxins produced by the diarrhea virus, or intestinal flora caused by infection, but also
Diseases such as anorexia, hair loss, diarrhea, etc. that occur without relaxation due to the rearing environment given to them,
In addition, non-infectious diarrhea such as diarrhea of unknown origin without the involvement of infectious microorganisms, a decrease in beef production efficiency, and a decrease in meat quality have become major problems. The reasons why these livestock, poultry, and companion animals cannot be relaxed include three factors: environmental changes, nutritional status changes, and psychological changes. For example, various causes such as inadequate housing management due to labor shortage such as overcrowding, lack of exercise, labor shortage, changes in feed composition due to parturition, long-distance transportation during weaning, transportation and transportation for slaughter. Exists.

[0003] Digestive diseases such as diarrhea that occur in cattle during the lactation and rearing periods are not limited to deaths caused by this, but also have a great effect on exhaustion of physical strength and subsequent growth of healthy internal organs. This is an important problem (Hazuki Hashimoto, Beef Cattle Journal, Vol.5, No.11, 38 (1988)). The incidence is 13.3% (Akio Nakane, Livestock Research, Vol. 33, No. 1, 37 (1979)). The mortality rate of dairy cows during lactation and rearing has reached 11.9%, mainly due to diarrhea and pneumonia (Tojo Hiroyuki et al.
Vol.40, No.1, 51, (1986)). Furthermore, for adult cattle,
When diarrhea occurs, the loss of milk yield, milk quality, and meat quality is observed due to a decrease in feed efficiency without death, resulting in a large loss of profit.

[0004] Among domestic animals, when a ruminant such as a cattle is transported or moved, the labor, labor and time required for feeding during the movement, and the physical and mental changes accompanying the movement caused by the physical and mental changes caused by the movement are reduced. In order to prevent abnormal fermentation, fasting was carried out before and during transportation and during transportation. For this reason, ruminants not only lose their physical strength and lose weight when transported for a long period of time because they are not in an environment where they can relax as usual, and the recovery of physical strength after transporting and transporting is slow, especially in beef cattle. There is a problem that the meat quality is reduced due to a decrease in the size of the food and the food value is greatly reduced. Furthermore, the same is true for pigs, and it is natural that newborn animals after birth are grown under the protection of mothers for a certain period of time. However, in order to improve productivity or economy in livestock management, it is common practice to separate and raise mothers and children immediately after birth, and most of the primary beasts separated from mothers are around one week after birth Collected in nursing homes, etc., and raised collectively. At this time, the newborn animal, which is young after birth, has extremely low antigenicity, and the intestinal flora is incomplete, so that colonization of pathogenic bacteria becomes easy, resistance becomes weaker, and these interact and relax. Because of this, diarrhea easily occurs, the death rate is extremely high, and even if escape from death occurs, it will greatly affect the subsequent growth, resulting in poor growth.

[0005] The same applies to chickens. Diarrhea during chicks generally slows growth, causes weight loss, increases the range of weight fluctuation, and adversely affects productivity thereafter. The commercialization rate in broilers, and the commercialization rate in laying hens, This causes a decrease in the egg production rate. The same applies to pets (pets). Many non-infectious diarrhea and hair loss have occurred due to inability to relax, such as breeding in small rooms such as apartments and condominiums, and lack of exercise. . Conventionally, in the prevention and treatment of non-infectious diarrhea, infectious microorganisms are consequently infected if the animal is given a sufficient amount of colostrum after birth or if the animal is placed under non-relaxation conditions. Because the intestinal flora changes, such as in an environment that is easy to cause, the same antibiotics as infectious diarrhea, various natural antibacterial substances or various probiotic agents, and oligosaccharides are used. The method is just coping. In addition, antibiotics have many problems such as the emergence of resistant bacteria.

Heretofore, as a method for promoting the relaxation of animals, there is a method in which a primary animal after birth is grown under the protection of a mother for a certain period of time. However, in terms of livestock management, this method is difficult considering productivity or economy. Also, music is played when milking dairy cows. However, in order to create a relaxation state by such a method, equipment, time, cost, and labor are required, and relaxation cannot be easily achieved. As a method for solving these problems, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 61-280239 discloses that by feeding at least one essential amino acid before transportation and transportation, labor for feeding can be reduced and weight loss during transportation and transportation can be improved. But does not mention improvement of meat quality, prevention of hair loss, and improvement of anorexia. Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Sho 60-234551 discloses pig feeds to be fed during the piglet rearing and fattening seasons, but does not mention improvement of meat quality and prevention of hair loss. I have. Also, a method for improving the deterioration of meat quality observed when transporting or moving ruminant animals such as cattle for slaughter by administering a rumen bypass agent containing L-tryptophan, a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai). 7-16364. However, these are only methods for improving weight loss during transportation and transportation, and the types of ruminants and the like are limited.
Also, a feed composition for preventing and treating non-infectious disease diarrhea and a feed containing the same are disclosed in JP-A-7-67544, in which tannins, which are hot water extractable components of tea, are preferred, and crude extracts containing tannins are disclosed. But can be used. However, since the crude extract is not purified, there are many impurities, and there is a problem in taste. Therefore, it has been found that no effective feed composition containing theanine, which is tasteless and odorless without affecting palatability, and which suppresses the occurrence of non-infectious diarrhea by relaxation or a feed containing the same has not yet been found. It is.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a feed composition which solves the problems of weight loss, meat color deterioration and meat quality deterioration due to the occurrence of non-infectious diarrhea, and a feed containing the same.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems Accordingly, the present inventors have:
As a result of intensive studies on the above-mentioned problems, the feed composition containing theanine and a feed containing the theanine showed symptoms under non-relaxation conditions, especially non-infectious diarrhea and anorexia due to transportation and transportation, weight loss, meat color deterioration, meat quality. The inventors have found that the present invention is effective for the reduction, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is a novel effect that the present inventors have found for the first time about the effect of a feed composition characterized by containing theanine and a feed containing the same. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Symptoms under non-relaxation conditions according to the present invention include diseases such as diarrhea caused by the inability to relax livestock, poultry and pets, and causes not involving infectious microorganisms. Refers to non-infectious diarrhea such as unknown diarrhea, reduced beef production efficiency, and reduced meat quality. Theanine used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but a glutamic acid derivative contained in tea leaves which is a main component of the umami of tea is known, and its content is higher than other amino acids, 100g dried tea leaves
2466.1 mg for Gyokuro (upper) and 2 for Gyokuro (average)
007.7 mg, Sencha (upper) 1496.6 mg, Sencha (Normal) 652.5 mg, Bancha 411.6 mg, Hojicha 21.7 mg (Chaken No. 40,
65, 1973). In addition, theanine is used as a food additive for taste purposes, and the amount thereof is not limited.

The method for producing theanine used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be an organic synthesis method (Chein).
m. Pharm. Bull., 19 (7) 1301-1307 (1971)), fermentation method (JP-A-5-68578, JP-A-5-328986).
No.), a plant cell culture method (JP-A-5-123166), a method of extracting from tea leaves, and the like, and preferably a fermentation method. The theanine obtained by such a method may be any of L-theanine, D-theanine, and DL-theanine. In the present invention, L-theanine derived from a natural product is most preferable. . And
When these obtained theanines are used in the present invention, they can be used alone or as a crude extract containing theanine.
At this time, theanine was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using pre-column derivatization with OPA (Goto et al., Tea Research Report 77, 29).
33, (1993)), and those having a purity of 10% or more can be used. This is because when theanine having a purity of less than 10% is used, the palatability and the effect are inferior due to impurities other than theanine. Such theanine is one of the amino acids contained in green tea in a large amount, and in an acute toxicity test using mice, there was no death by oral administration of 2 g / kg, and no abnormality was observed in general symptoms and body weight. This safety is very high because it is a very attenuated or harmless substance. It can also be used in combination with other components (essential oils, amino acids, vitamins, etc.). The non-infectious disease diarrhea in the present invention refers to diarrhea that occurs without relaxation due to the breeding environment or the like, or diarrhea of unknown cause without the involvement of infectious disease microorganisms. Prevention is to prevent a state in which relaxation cannot be achieved due to environmental, nutritional, or psychological changes that cause such a situation. In addition, the treatment is to eliminate such symptoms by relaxing even if such diarrhea occurs.

In the present invention, in order to obtain the effect of suppressing the symptoms caused by the inability to relax, in order to produce live animals, poultry and pets, theanine is usually 0.1 mg / kg body weight (purity of 98% or more).
A sufficient effect can be obtained by administering more than (hereinafter, indicated as 0.1 mg / kg). Although there is no particular upper limit to the dose of theanine, it is generally preferred that the dose does not exceed about 300 mg / kg in view of the unique taste and economics of theanine. Therefore, in order for the present invention to exert its effect sufficiently, theanine should be contained in an amount of 0.1 mg / kg to 30 mg / day.
It is preferably 0 mg / kg. More preferably, 0.
It is preferable that the concentration be 1 mg / kg to 30 mg / kg. Also,
Most preferably, it is 0.1 mg / kg to 3 mg / kg. In the case of a cow weighing 600 kg, the daily feed amount is about 7.5 kg, but preferably contains 0.06 g to 180 g of theanine, and most preferably 0.06 g to 1.8 g. . In the case of a pig weighing 90 kg, the daily feed amount is about 3.2 kg, but theanine is 0.009 g to 27 g.
It is preferably contained, and most preferably 0.009 g to 0.27 g. In the case of a dog weighing 5 kg, the daily amount of feed is about 100 g, but theanine is added in an amount of 0.1 g.
It is preferable to contain 5 mg to 1.5 g, and 0.5 mg to 1 g.
Most preferably, it is 5 mg.

The method of administration may be single administration, or may be mixed with artificial milk or feed for administration. In the case of ruminants, there is a continuous flow fermenter called rumen,
Among them, an extremely large number of microorganisms coexist, and active anaerobic fermentation is performed using nutrients (such as carbohydrates, proteins (amino acids), and fats and oils) in the feed that has been consumed. Therefore, the microorganisms grown there are one of the valuable protein sources of ruminants, and in the rumen, proteins and amino acids are mostly decomposed by the microorganisms to ammonia and carbon dioxide. In particular, amino acids are easily decomposed.For example, even when administered to cattle in powder or liquid form, the cattle itself cannot directly use the amino acids decomposed in the rumen as a nutrient source. It is preferable to use a lumen bypass agent or the like coated with a coat layer containing a wax or the like dissolved and absorbed in the abomasum and beyond.

In the present invention, livestock and poultry are animals bred industrially, such as cows, pigs, horses, goats, sheep, chickens, turkeys, ducks and quails. There are ruminants and monogastric animals with up to. A pet animal is an animal bred for personal taste, such as a dog or a cat. The product of the present invention can be used for all domestic animals, poultry and pets, but is preferably used for pets. The composition may be administered alone or may be added directly to the feed, and the form of use is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to administer the composition alone. And when adding to feed, this addition method,
The timing of addition is not particularly limited. The feed composition in the present invention is not limited to feed compositions of livestock and poultry, but also includes pet food compositions which are feed compositions of pets such as dogs and cats. The feed in the present invention is not limited to feed for livestock and poultry, but also includes pet food which is feed for pets such as dogs and cats. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0014]

【Example】

Embodiment 1 FIG. Preparation of theanine 0.3M glutamine and 1.5M ethylamine were reacted in a borate buffer (Na2B4O7-NaOH, pH 11) at 0.3C / glutaminase at 30C for 22 hours. 225 mmol theanine was obtained from 1 liter of the reaction solution. In addition, glutamic acid as a by-product was 20 mmol. The purification from the reaction solution was performed by subjecting the reaction solution to Dowex 50 × 8 and Dowex 1 × 2 column chromatography, and treating this with ethanol. This isolated substance was subjected to amino acid analyzer and paper chromatography to confirm theanine by showing the same behavior as the standard substance. Hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid or glutaminase gives:
Glutamic acid and ethylamine were produced in one ratio. Thus, the isolated substance was hydrolyzed by glutaminase, indicating that ethylamine was bound to the γ-position of glutamic acid. Also, it was confirmed by glutamate dehydrogenase (GluDH) that glutamic acid produced by hydrolysis was in the L-form, and the resulting compound was identified as L-form.
-Theanine was confirmed. High-performance liquid chromatography (column; Develosil ODS-HG-5, detection; fluorescence (E
x: 340 nm, Em: 450 nm), flow rate; 1.0 ml / min. As a result of purity measurement by gradient analysis), the purity of the obtained theanine was 98%.

Embodiment 2 FIG. Preparation of theanine Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves are extracted with hot water, and then cation exchange resin (Muromachi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Dowex HCR W-2)
And eluted with 1N NaOH. Pass the eluted fraction through activated carbon (Taiko Activated Carbon SG, manufactured by Nimura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
The fraction eluted with 5% EtOH was subjected to RO membrane (NTTO Denko Corporation NT
R729HF), purified by column chromatography, and further recrystallized to produce L-theanine. As a result of the purity measurement, the produced theanine had a purity of 1
It was 0.5%.

Embodiment 3 Solid feed for swine raising Ingredient (% by weight) Basic feed The present invention skim milk powder 33.1 33.03 Wheat flour 29.9 29.9 Bread crumb 7.0 7.0 Moulting soybean meal 5.0 5.0 Fish meal 7.0 7.0 0 sugar 4.0 4.0 glucose 8.0 8.0 animal fats and oils 2.0 2.0 fructooligosaccharides 1.0 1.0 vitamins and minerals 3.0 3.0 theanine (Example 1) ０．０ 0.07 According to the above formulation, a feed for swine was prepared by a conventional method.

Embodiment 4 Pet food for dog Ingredients (% by weight) Basic feed The present invention Flour 66.5 66.49 Soy protein isolate 16.3 16.3 Cheese powder 5.0 5.0 Animal fat 2.0 2.0 Phosphoric acid 2.3 2.3 Calcium carbonate 2.5 2.5 Propylene glycol 1.5 1.5 Fumaric acid 1.5 1.5 Sorbic acid 0.5 0.5 Salt 0.7 0.7 Vitamin, minerals 1 1.2 1.2 Theanine (Example 1) ─── 0.01 According to the above formulation, a pet food for dogs was prepared by an ordinary method.

Test Example 1 Twenty non-infectious diarrhea dogs (weighing about 5 kg) were divided into four groups of five dogs, and the group fed the basic feed of pet food prepared in Example 4 was group A, and tea was Group B, which received the feed of the present invention to which 2% pure theanine as an extract was added, was designated Group B,
The group fed the diet of the present invention supplemented with 0% theanine was C
The group, which received the diet of the present invention to which 100% pure theanine was added, was bred for one month as Group D. The feed is 1
When the animals were allowed to freely ingest on a day, they weighed about 100 g, and were allowed to freely ingest water. Then, a fecal score was measured from 0 to 4 weeks from the start of the test as an index indicating non-infected diarrhea. The stool score is obtained by digitizing the state of the stool. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0019]

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, groups B, C, D
Among dogs fed the group supplemented with theanine, C
The fecal score was remarkably reduced in the group and the group D, and the non-infectious diarrhea was effectively suppressed as compared with the dog in the group A. It should be noted that, among the groups B, C, and D to which the diet supplemented with theanine was added, dogs in the group B did not ingest the diet. This is presumably because impurities other than theanine did not match the palatability of the dog and were adversely affected by caffeine in the tea extract.

Test Example 2 30 calves were divided into 3 groups of 10 calves, a group to which only the artificial milk was given was added to Group A, and powdered L-tryptophan was added to the artificial milk at a concentration of 10 mg / kg body weight / day. The group receiving the artificial milk was raised as a group B, and the group receiving the artificial milk obtained by adding theanine prepared in Example 1 to the artificial milk at a concentration of 0.3 mg / kg body weight was raised as a group C for 5 weeks. . In addition, artificial milk and water were freely ingested. Then, the fecal score was measured from 0 to 5 weeks from the start of the test. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0022]

[Table 2]

As is clear from Table 2, calves bred with artificial milk to which theanine of Group B was added at 0.3 mg / kg body weight / day had lower fecal scores. As a result, non-infectious diarrhea was effectively suppressed.
A similar test was performed using theanine obtained in Example 2, and similar results were obtained.

Test Example 3 Thirty Japanese Black cattle were divided into three groups of 10 each, fed until the day before transportation, fasted on the day of transportation, and allowed to drink water freely. Group A, and each cow received theanine. A group fed 3 mg / day of body weight per 1 kg of body weight, allowed to drink it, and allowed free water drinking was transported by truck (approximately 30 hours) as groups B and C to test the effect of preventing meat quality deterioration by transport. Was done. The feeds up to the day before transportation were given the basic diet shown in Table 3 for Group A and Group B, and the basic diet shown in Table 3 for Group C. Theanine was added to the basic diet shown in Table 3 from 3 days before transportation so as to be 3 mg / kg body weight per day. Feed. The animals were sacrificed the day after transportation, and the meat quality was evaluated the following day. The evaluation was made into three stages of A, B and C ranks, and quantified. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0025]

[Table 3]

[0026]

[Table 4]

As can be seen from Table 4, the average value of the cows administered with 30 mg / kg body weight of theanine in the groups B and C at 30 mg / kg body weight was higher than that of the cows in both groups B and C. There was no C rank. In other words, it was found that even when drinking water during transportation, a further effect can be expected by adding theanine.

Embodiments of the present invention are as follows. (1) A feed composition characterized by containing theanine or a feed containing the same. (2) A feed composition containing 10% or more theanine or a feed containing the same. (3) A feed composition for preventing or treating non-infectious diarrhea, which contains theanine, or a feed containing the same. (4) A feed composition for preventing or treating non-infectious diarrhea, characterized by containing a theanine having a purity of 10% or more, or a feed containing the same. (5) A feed composition for improving meat quality, characterized by containing theanine, or a feed containing the same. (6) A feed composition for improving meat quality, characterized by containing 10% or more of theanine in purity, or a feed containing the same.

(7) A feed composition wherein the theanine is L-theanine or a feed containing the same. (8) A feed composition for preventing or treating non-infectious diarrhea wherein the theanine is L-theanine, or a feed containing the same. (9) A feed composition for improving meat quality, wherein the theanine is L-theanine, or a feed containing the same. (10) A feed composition in which theanine is D-theanine or a feed containing the same. (11) A feed composition for preventing or treating non-infectious diarrhea wherein theanine is D-theanine, or a feed containing the same. (12) A feed composition for improving meat quality, wherein the theanine is D-theanine, or a feed containing the same.

(13) A feed composition wherein the theanine is DL-theanine or a feed containing the same. (14) A feed composition for preventing or treating non-infectious diarrhea wherein the theanine is DL-theanine, or a feed containing the same. (15) A feed composition for improving meat quality, wherein the theanine is DL-theanine, or a feed containing the same.

(16) The feed composition according to any of the above (1) to (15), wherein theanine is produced by allowing glutaminase to act on a mixture of glutamine and ethylamine, or a feed containing the same. (17) The feed composition for preventing or treating non-infectious diarrhea according to any one of (1) to (15), wherein theanine is produced by allowing glutaminase to act on a mixture of glutamine and ethylamine. Formulated feed. (18) The feed composition for improving meat quality as described in any of (1) to (15) above, wherein theanine is produced by allowing glutaminase to act on a mixture of glutamine and ethylamine, or a feed containing the same.

(19) The feed composition according to any one of (1) to (15), wherein theanine is derived from tea, or a feed containing the same. (20) The feed composition for preventing or treating non-infectious diarrhea according to any one of (1) to (15), wherein theanine is derived from tea, or a feed containing the same. (21) The feed composition for improving meat quality according to any one of (1) to (15), wherein theanine is derived from tea, or a feed containing the same. (22) A feed composition or a feed containing the feed composition according to any one of (1) to (21), wherein the feed composition or the feed containing the feed composition is for livestock. (23) A feed composition or a feed containing the feed composition according to any one of (1) to (21), wherein the feed composition or the feed containing the feed composition is for poultry. (24) A feed composition or a feed containing the feed composition according to any one of (1) to (21), wherein the feed composition or the feed containing the feed composition is for pets.

[0033]

As described above, the product of the present invention has tremendous effects on weight loss, flesh color deterioration, meat quality deterioration, etc. due to symptoms and transportation during non-relaxation. It is extremely useful in consideration of safety.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A feed composition comprising theanine. 2. The feed composition according to claim 1, which contains theanine having a purity of 10% or more. 3. A feed containing a feed composition containing theanine. 4. A feed containing the feed composition according to claim 3, which contains theanine having a purity of 10% or more.