RU2402323C1 - Method of treating milker hepatosis in technogenic provinces with nickel and lead excess - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to veterinary science. The method involves symptomatic therapy and introduction of a preparation with antioxidant, hepatoprotective action. As an antioxidant, Depolen is applied subcutaneously in dosage 1.9-2.1 ml per 100 kg of body weight. The diet is added with vermiculite of the Potaninskoye deposit at 0.10-0.15 g per 1 kg of live weight twice a day for 14-15 days every 14-15 days, for 85-90 days.

EFFECT: method allows normalising the functional state of liver and improving antioxidant protection in hepatosis animals.

3 ex, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and can be used in the treatment of hepatosis of highly productive cows in technogenic provinces, where environmental objects contain high levels of nickel and lead salts.

It is known that toxic elements along the trophic chain of soil - feed - animals through feed rations enter the body and have a negative effect on all organs and tissues.

According to I.A. Shkuratova (2002), the “target” organs are the liver and kidneys. In this regard, in dairy cattle breeding in areas of ecological distress, hepatosis of cows is widespread. And it is especially alarming that this pathology is recorded in farms where the milk productivity of cows is 4200-4500 kg of milk per lactation.

Hepatosis is the general name for liver diseases characterized by dystrophic changes in the hepatic parenchyma in the absence of pronounced signs of inflammation.

It should be noted that in veterinary practice there are practically no well-established hepatosis treatment regimens.

B.V.Usha (1969) sees the detoxification of the body and the maximum strengthening of regenerative processes in the liver leading to the restoration of its anatomical and functional integrity as the main goals of the treatment of hepatosis. This can be achieved, on the one hand, by removing toxins and pathological products of interstitial metabolism from the body or neutralizing them, on the other hand, by enriching and quickly replenishing glycogen stores in functioning liver cells.

B.M. Anokhin, V.M.Danilevsky and others (1991) as a method of treating hepatosis, mainly recommend the use of lipotropic, vitamin and choleretic drugs.

Of lipotropic agents, choline chloride, methionine, lipoic acid, lipomide and others are used.

Similar treatment regimens for hepatosis are given by T.T. Scherbakov, A.V. Korobov and others (2002).

The most specific methods for the treatment of hepatosis in animals of interest are the following: a homeopathic composition, purivetin preparation, hepatoprotective premix hepatitis and phytomedication of lucevitis.

There is a method of treating dog hepatosis by applying a homeopathic composition of seven vitamins (C, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₅ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ ), four macroelements (calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium), six trace elements (zinc , cobalt, manganese, copper, iodine, selenium) in a homeopathic concentration. Apply at a dose of 0.2-0.3 ml per 1 kg of weight for 15-30 days. However, the described method for the treatment of hepatosis is offered only in cynology and has no way out in the treatment of the noted pathology in other types of farm animals. In addition, dogs and cows have serious differences in the structure of the whole organism, formed during ontogenesis and phylogenesis.

There is a method of correcting the functional state of the liver with hepatosis of newborn calves by using the drug purivetin (I.A. Nikulin, Yu.A. Shumilin, 2007).

Purivetin is a loose powder of light beige color. It consists of purines (inositol), methyluracil, cotalamide (coenzyme form of vitamin B ₁₂ ), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), fructose-1,6-calcium diphosphate (FDF), citric acid. The pharmacological properties of the drug are determined by the combination of properties that make up its components.

The drug is used according to the scheme: the first 5 days - 40 mg / kg, 5 days - 30 mg / kg and the last 10 days - 20 mg / kg. This method has an effect in the treatment of calves obtained from deep-shelled cows fed an unbalanced diet. In technogenic provinces, the proposed method will have a low therapeutic effect because toxicants through the diet will have a daily toxic effect on the liver, which requires immediate detoxification therapy using enterosorbents.

Hepavet - hepatoprotective premix containing essential phospholipids and sodium bentonite. The pharmacological properties of the premix are determined by the combination of properties that make up its components. The use of hepavet premix for hepatosis in dogs at a dose of 4 g per 10 kg of body weight once a day for 21 days restores the metabolic functions of the liver, which is manifested by an improvement in the general condition of animals, the elimination of pain in the liver, a decrease in the severity of cytolysis and cholestasis syndromes, and normalization of synthesis proteins, pigmentation and erythropoiesis in the organs of blood formation (O.S. Korchagina, 2008). The use of this method for the treatment of hepatosis in dairy cows will not be economically feasible due to the high dose of the drug, the low technological use of large livestock, and it is not physiological, since ruminants and carnivorous carnivores differ in the structure of all internal organs, including the liver.

The closest analogue is a method for the treatment of hepatosis according to the scheme, which includes the introduction of a 20% solution of the herbal preparation of lucevit obtained from inoculum by extraction and subsequent concentration of the mixture, at a dose of 25 mg / kg of body weight intramuscularly 1 time per day for three days three times with three days apart (I.F. Khazimukhametova, PP Idrisova, 2008).

The drug contains a number of biologically active substances (sterols, vitamins, amino acids, sugars, macro- and microelements), which are involved in the neutralization of food toxins in the liver and small intestine, regulate metabolic processes, increase the body's natural resistance, normalize the intestinal microflora, have hepatoprotective and choleretic action.

However, this method of treating hepatosis is not technological, since it requires an individual approach to the animal and does not solve the problem of detoxification of the body from toxic elements, does not exclude the content of heavy metals in the preparation, which are found in excess in the soils where alfalfa is grown.

The aim of the present invention is to develop a method for the treatment of hepatosis of dairy cows in ecologically disadvantaged zones against the background of an excess of nickel and lead salts in environmental objects (soil, water sources, fodder crops) by introducing the mineral enterosorbent vermiculite in combination with the selenium-containing depolene preparation.

This goal is achieved by the fact that selenium-containing preparation depolen is administered subcutaneously to dairy cows of patients with hepatosis in the technogenic province in a dose of 1.9-2.1 ml per 100 kg of body weight once for the entire treatment period.

At the same time, vermiculite of the Potanensky field is fed into the feed ration in a mixture with concentrates at the rate of 0.10-0.15 g / kg of body weight twice a day for 14-15 days with a subsequent interval of 14-15 days. The duration of treatment is 85-90 days. Vermiculite provides detoxification therapy by removing salts of nickel and lead through the gastrointestinal tract, and depolen activates the antioxidant defense of the body.

A comparative analysis of the claimed solution with the prototype shows that this method differs from the known one in that, for the treatment of hepatosis of dairy cows, they use the mineral enterosorbent vermiculite of the Potanensky field of the Chelyabinsk region, which is introduced into the diet of lactating cows in a mixture with concentrates twice a day for a certain schedule for 85-90 days. Enterosorbent is used in combination with a single use of depolene.

Analysis of the prototype and other methods in this field of veterinary medicine did not reveal signs similar to the claimed solution, which allows us to conclude that the method meets the criterion of "novelty."

The claimed method meets the criteria of the invention of "inventive step", as it clearly does not follow from the prior art.

The invention is industrially applicable, as it can be used in veterinary medicine, in particular in the treatment of osteodystrophy of dairy cows.

Execution example. The method is implemented as follows. Vermiculite is introduced into the diet of cows at a dose of 0.10-0.15 g / kg of weight 2 times a day for 14-15 days with an interval of 14-15 days, for 85-90 days.

Vermiculite is a natural mineral of the Potanensky deposit in the Chelyabinsk region from the class of hydromica, the structure of which consists of alternating mica sheets, separated by double layers of water. It consists of compounds of silicon, aluminum, iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium, potassium, which allows you to make up for the lack of essential elements in the body of cows. Expanded vermiculite used in veterinary medicine is a light porous mineral with sorption, catalytic and ion-exchange properties. Due to its high adsorption properties, vermiculite removes salts of heavy metals from the body of cows. At the same time, macro- and microelements contained in vermiculite enter into metabolism and are absorbed by the intestinal wall.

Depolen is a drug containing barium selenite and liquid paraffin. It is a viscous, odorless white suspension that exfoliates during long-term storage. It is a means of antioxidant protection of the body. By reducing and preventing the accumulation of toxic products, lipid peroxidation, it helps to normalize metabolism and increase the resistance of animals. A feature is the long-term provision of the physiological needs of animals in selenium after its single use. The drug is injected once, subcutaneously in the neck. Adult animals at a dose of 2 ml per 100 kg of body weight.

The rationale for the selected dose of vermiculite was a series of scientific experiments. At the first stage, during preliminary research, it was experimentally established that the dose of the mineral is 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5 g / kg of live weight, applied twice a day for 30 days without a break, reduces the processes of cicatricial digestion in ruminants. The higher the dose of the mineral, the faster the signs of partial hypotension of the pancreas are revealed.

Along with this, cicatricial content was studied in dynamics. So, on the 15th day of studies at a maximum test dose of 0.5 g / kg live weight twice a day, the total amount of ciliates decreased by 16.0%, the active acidity of the rumen medium increased to 7.5 (with a norm of 7.2 7.3), the amount of acetic and propionic acids decreased by 14.7 and 12.1%, respectively, of the norm. On the 30th day of the research, firstly, in the clinical plan, a decrease in scar reduction (DR) 2 was detected in 2 minutes (with a norm of DR 4 in 2 minutes), and the reductions were sluggish, irregular. In addition, elongation of ruminant periods was revealed.

The identification of changes in cicatricial digestion served as the basis for the conclusion that, with the additional introduction of natural minerals into the diet of ruminants, it is necessary to take breaks.

With the additional introduction of vermiculite of the Potanensky field at a dose of 0.10-0.15 g / kg of live weight twice a day for 30 days, the following results were obtained: on the 15th day of the study, the total number of ciliates increased by 9.4%, an active reaction environment within the normal pH range of 7.2, a slight increase in the concentration of acetic and propionic acids by 10.3 and 7.1%, respectively.

On the 30th day of research, the total number of ciliates relative to the study on the 15th day decreased by 4.3%, but still it was higher than standard data by 5.3%. The active reaction of the environment of cicatricial contents was within pH = 7.3, the concentration of acetic and propionic acids slightly decreased relative to studies conducted on the 15th day. The obtained data once again confirmed the conclusion that it is necessary to take a break when ruminant natural minerals are introduced into the diet, which is associated with digestion in the multi-chamber stomach of ruminants.

At the second stage, the effectiveness of the dose and the frequency of application of vermiculite of the Potanensky field were checked. The mineral was used at a dose of 0.10-0.15 g / kg body weight 2 times a day for 15 days with an interval of 15 days.

So, on the 15th day of studies, an increase in the total number of ciliates, an increase in the concentration of acetic and propionic acids was revealed.

It should be noted that on the 30th day of research, the total number of ciliates increased by 21.9%, the concentration of acetic and propionic acids by 29.4 and 26.1%, respectively. Thus, the proposed method of introducing vermiculite with an interval of 15 days contributes to the activation of cicatricial digestion.

Studies have convincingly shown that the recommended dose and frequency of administration of vermiculite can be used in the diet of ruminants.

To implement the proposed method, all scientific research was carried out on the basis of Podolskoye LLC in the Verkhneuralsk district of the Chelyabinsk region.

According to the data available in the literature, as well as our own research, it has been established that the territory of the Verkhneuralsk district is a technogenic province of natural and anthropogenic origin.

Intensive mining of iron ammonium ores, industrial gold is underway in the region, reserves of nickel ores are explored, as well as a small distance from the giant of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy - MMK (Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works).

When conducting local monitoring of environmental objects, it was found that samples of the surface arable soil layer of 0-20 cm from various fields of the farm contain a high level of toxic elements. Thus, the nickel and lead content in soil samples where hay crops are grown (vetch + oats) exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MAC) by 43.4 and 28.7%, respectively. The revealed regularity was also established in soil samples where the boneless rump grows. A high level of nickel and lead is noted in the water sources of the economy, especially natural ones, from which animals are watered during the summer grazing period. Nickel levels exceeded MAC by 37.8, and lead by 19.7%.

In the study of food samples, it was found that hayfire hay contained a significantly high level of nickel, which was 42.1% higher than the maximum allowable level (MRL). High levels of nickel and lead were recorded in silage, which exceeded the MDL by 37.9 and 28.7%, respectively.

Thus, the monitoring of the objects of the external environment of the economy (soil, water sources and fodder crops) convincingly indicates that the territory of OOO Podolskoye is a technogenic province and its environmental objects contain a high level of toxic elements (nickel and lead), which feed rations and water sources have a negative effect on the whole organism as a whole and on liver cells (hepatocytes) in particular.

In this regard, hepatosis of dairy cows is widespread in the economy. This conclusion is confirmed by the compulsory medical examination, covering the entire number of cows.

During the clinical examination, among 296 heads of dairy cows, 53 heads had pronounced symptoms of hepatosis, which were characterized by a decrease in appetite, a violation of the chewing process and partial hypotension of the pancreas, weakening of intestinal motility. With percussion, an increase in the boundaries of the liver was noted - the posterior border behind the last rib, pain was revealed in individual animals. It should be noted that the animals had average and above average fatness.

The clinical manifestations of hepatosis were confirmed by pathological examination and histological studies of pieces of liver tissue taken during the special slaughter of animals in which productive qualities were lost.

At autopsy, the liver is sharply increased in volume, flabby and brittle, its edges are rounded. Expressed uneven color. A histological examination of liver sections of sick animals revealed granular dystrophy of hepatocytes in combination with their dystrophic obesity. Areas with diffuse dystrophic obesity of hepatocytes were located mainly under the capsule of the organ. Here the process covered the whole liver lobules. As the distance from the capsule, the number of hepatocytes in the state of dystrophic obesity decreased, they were located mainly on the periphery of the lobules, and in the central part hepatocytes in the state of granular dystrophy prevailed, which was characterized by swelling and rounding of the cells, as well as the presence of oxyphilic granularity in their cytoplasm. In the nuclei of hepatocytes, signs of various forms of necrobiosis were detected.

It should be noted that there is no comprehensive treatment for hepatosis in cows in this farm. In advanced cases (advanced cases), symptomatic treatment is carried out by intravenous administration of a 10-20% solution of glucose in a dose of 250-300 ml, as well as a 10% solution of calcium chloride in a dose of 100-150 ml, subcutaneous administration of B vitamins -B ₆ - 1% solution of pyridoxine in a dose of 20-25 ml and B ₁₂ - 10% solution of cyanocobalamin in a dose of 20-25 ml.

A blood test of patients with hepatosis of cows revealed a decrease in glucose level of 36.4% relative to standard data and an increase in nickel content by 53.7, and lead - by 17.4%.

In the blood serum, the total protein content exceeded the norm by 29.6%, the level of β- and γ-globulins by 35.4 and 40.1%, respectively. An increase in the concentration of proteins of this class indicates damage to the liver cells - hepatocytes with toxic elements. This phenomenon is also confirmed by an increase in the activity of the main transamination enzymes AsAT and AlAT, which exceeded the standard value by 39.8 and 43.7%, respectively. Also high was the level of urea in the blood serum of cows with hepatosis.

Fat metabolism was characterized by an increased concentration of total lipids and the main cholesterol oxidizer by 27.7 and 29.7%, respectively. At the same time, the level of total bilirubin was also higher than standard data by 31.4%.

A violation of antioxidant protection in patients with hepatosis of cows is indicated by a decrease in ceruloplasmin by 41.3% and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) by 37.4% relative to healthy animals.

Toxicochemical analysis of the liver tissue of patients with hepatosis of cows revealed a high content of nickel and lead. So, the level of nickel exceeded the MPC by 52.3, and lead by 31.3%, respectively.

Thus, the conducted studies convincingly indicate that hepatosis among dairy cows is widespread and makes up 17.9% of the total number of dairy cows. The main cause of the disease is a high level of toxic elements in the diet and protein overfeeding. The diagnosis of this pathology was made comprehensively taking into account anamnestic data, characteristic clinical symptoms of the disease, as well as the results of a study of liver tissue and pathological examination.

In experimental studies on the effectiveness of vermiculite in combination with depolen in the treatment of hepatosis of dairy cows, 33 cows of black-motley breed, live weight of 500-550 kg at 3-4 months of lactation and with an average daily milk yield of 15.0-15.9 kg of milk were included . Animals according to the principle of balanced groups were divided into 3 groups of 11 animals each.

The first group of cows served as control. As a pathogenetic therapy for hepatosis patients, the cows were intravenously injected with a 10% glucose solution at a dose of 100-150 ml, a 10% calcium chloride solution at a dose of 100-150 ml and intramuscularly vitamin B ₆ at a dose of 20 ml of a solution of 1% concentration within 7 days. Marked therapy was performed 1 time in 15 days.

In addition to the diet, cows of the second group were injected with the natural mineral vermiculite of the Potanensky deposit at the rate of 0.10-0.15 g / kg of body weight twice a day in a mixture with concentrated feed according to the following scheme for 15 days with an interval of 15 days. Animals of the second group received symptomatic treatment - intravenously 10% glucose solution at a dose of 100-150 ml, 10% calcium chloride solution at a dose of 100-150 ml and intramuscularly vitamin B ₆ at a dose of 20 ml of a solution of 1% concentration in within 7 days. Marked therapy was performed 1 time in 15 days. At the same time, selenium-containing preparation depolen was administered subcutaneously to these sick cows at a dose of 2 ml per 100 kg of live weight once for the entire treatment period.

The cows of the third group were intramuscularly injected with a herbal preparation of lucevitis at a dose of 25 mg / kg body weight according to the scheme used in the method of treating hepatosis, which was taken as a prototype of the claimed, once for three days, three times with an interval of three days. Considering the main principle of therapy - complexity - animals of both groups as a symptomatic therapy were injected intravenously with a 10% glucose solution at a dose of 100-150 ml and intramuscularly vitamin B ₆ at a dose of 20 ml of a solution of 1% concentration for 7 days. Marked therapy was used 1 time in 15 days. The duration of the experiment was 85-90 days.

Biochemical blood tests of cows from the experimental and control groups were carried out on the 30th, 60th and 90th days of the experiment and compared in dynamics with the indicators obtained before the experiment and regulatory data.

The basis of biochemical studies was data characterizing the level of toxic elements (nickel and lead) in the blood, indicators of the exchange of protein compounds and indicators characterizing the functional state of the liver, as well as antioxidant protection.

The data obtained are presented in table 1.

Table 1 - The content of toxic elements in the blood of experimental cows, mg / l (M ± m; n = 11) Group of animals Norm Before experience Day research thirty 60 90 Nickel 1 Control 0.12 0.19 ± 0.02 0.17 ± 0.08 0.18 ± 0.09 0.18 ± 0.07 2 The claimed method 0.12 0.185 ± 0.06 0.15 ± 0.06 0.13 ± 0.07 * 0.12 ± 0.04 ** 3 Prototype 0.12 0.19 ± 0.04 0.18 ± 0.05 0.17 ± 0.04 0.18 ± 0.06 Lead 1 Control 0.25 0.29 ± 0.09 0.28 ± 0.06 0.28 ± 0.03 0.29 ± 0.04 2 The claimed method 0.25 0.288 ± 0.07 0.26 ± 0.04 0.25 ± 0.03 * 0.24 ± 0.02 ** 3 Prototype 0.25 0.29 ± 0.04 0.28 ± 0.06 0.27 ± 0.05 0.28 ± 0.04 Note: hereinafter M is the arithmetic average value for the group; ± m is the error of the arithmetic mean; n is the number of animals in the group; P is the reliability; * - P <0.05; ** - P <0.01; *** - P <0.001;

The materials of table 1 shows that the content of highly toxic elements of nickel and lead in the blood of cows of all experimental groups was significantly higher than the normative data.

In the blood of cows of the experimental group that received symptomatic treatment (glucose and calcium chloride), nickel levels tended to decrease; its concentration at the end of treatment was 5.3% lower than baseline, but 50.0% higher than standard data. The decrease in nickel levels, in our opinion, is associated with the detoxification function of glucose.

The introduction of the Potanensky field vermiculite into the diet was accompanied by a decrease in the toxicant throughout the entire experimental period. On the 60th day, its level was 29.8% lower than background values, and by the end of treatment, the nickel content was in line with the recommended norm.

In the third experimental group, against the background of the use of lucevita, a tendency to a decrease in nickel levels throughout the experiment was revealed. A pronounced decrease was detected on the 60th day of treatment and amounted to 0.17 ± 0.04 mg / l, which is 10.6% lower than background values. However, by the end of treatment, the nickel level in the group of cows that were injected with lucavitis was 0.18 ± 0.09 mg / l, which was 50.0% higher than the normative data.

Thus, the use of the mineral enterosorbent - vermiculite in combination with depolene testifies to the high sorption properties of the mineral with respect to nickel, which makes it possible to maintain its concentration in the blood of cows in the conditions of a technogenic province within the limits of regulatory data.

In addition, during experimental studies revealed changes in the content of lead in the blood of experimental cows. So, in the control group, the concentration of lead decreased on the 30th and 60th days of treatment by 3.5%, and on the 90th day it was 0.29 ± 0.04 mg / l and corresponded to background values.

Introduction of vermiculite into the diet was accompanied by a decrease in lead concentration throughout the entire experimental period. A pronounced decrease was detected on the 90th day of treatment. During this period, the level of lead in relation to baseline indicators decreased by 16.7% and was even lower than standard data by 4.0%.

The lead content in the blood of cows of the third group under the influence of lucevita had a variability of decrease and by the end of treatment was 3.5% lower than background values, but higher than normal by 12.0%.

Thus, the studies allow us to conclude that the proposed method for the treatment of hepatosis is more preferable in relation to the control group of cows, as well as the existing prototype, since its use allows detoxification therapy in relation to toxic elements (nickel and lead) and against this background activate antioxidant protection in the body of cows.

The treatment of hepatosis patients with cows had a significant impact on the course of metabolic processes and the functional state of the liver. The results are presented in table 2.

According to the materials of table 2, it is seen that protein overfeeding of cows is accompanied by a high content in the blood serum of patients with hepatosis of cows total protein, the value of which exceeded the average normative data.

During the treatment, in the control group of cows, the concentration of total protein on the 90th day of treatment decreased by 0.5%, while in the 2nd experimental group its concentration decreased by 3.9%, and in the 3rd - by 0.3%.

The decrease in total protein in the blood serum of cows of the second experimental group was accompanied by an increase in the number of transport proteins of the albumin class on the 90th day of treatment by 33.1% in comparison with background data. In the control group of cows, at the end of treatment, the concentration of albumin increased by 1.1%, and in the third experimental group, by 5.3%, respectively.

Along with the identified changes, it was also found that in the blood serum of cows of the second experimental group, the concentration of α-globulins increased, especially pronounced at the end of treatment. During this period, it was higher than background by 18.2%. The concentration of α-globulins in the blood serum of the control group of cows during the treatment period decreased by 3.2%, and in the third experimental group increased by 1.5% compared to baseline values.

Particular attention should be paid to the state of proteins of the class of β- and γ-globulins, the concentration of which in all experimental animals before treatment was significantly higher than the normative data. An increase in the concentration of these classes of proteins indicates fatty degeneration of the liver cells - hepatocytes and a violation of the protein-synthetic function of the liver. This phenomenon is confirmed by the high concentration of the main transamination enzymes AsAT and AlAT (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), the activity of which was significantly higher than the normative data for all experimental cows.

Against the background of the treatment, the concentration of β-globulins in the blood serum of the cows of the control group decreased insignificantly relative to the background indicators, in the third experimental group against the use of lucavita - by 2.2%, and in the second experimental group against the background of the use of vermiculite in combination with depolen - by 30.2%.

In addition, in the second experimental group of cows, a natural decrease in the γ-globulin fraction by 21.0% relative to background values was revealed. This phenomenon indicates the normalization of the functional state of the liver. This conclusion is confirmed by a decrease in the serum of cows of the second experimental group of AsAT and AlAT activity by 33.4 and 21.1%, respectively, by the end of treatment.

In the second experimental group, the urea-forming function of the liver was normalized, as evidenced by a decrease in the level of urea in the blood serum by 15.8% relative to background values.

Thus, making a general conclusion based on the results of the studies, it should be noted that the proposed method for the treatment of hepatosis has the most pronounced therapeutic efficacy, which is confirmed by biochemical blood tests and the functional state of the liver.

The analysis of table 3 indicates a violation of fat, pigment metabolism and a decrease in antioxidant protection in patients with hepatosis of cows. So, the content of total lipids in the blood serum of cows of the control group exceeded the normative indicators by 16.9%. By the end of treatment, that is, on the 90th day, this indicator was 4.19 ± 0.03 g / l, which was 0.5% lower than background data and 16.3% higher than standard data.

Table 3 - Biochemical indicators of blood serum of patients with hepatosis of cows, characterizing fat metabolism and antioxidant protection (M ± m; n = 11) Group of animals Norm Before experience Day research thirty 60 90 Total lipids, g / l 1 Control 3.6 4.21 ± 0.17 4.20 ± 0.13 4.20 ± 0.07 4.19 ± 0.03 2 The claimed method 3.6 4.19 ± 0.22 4.01 ± 0.07 3.75 ± 0.12 * 3,59 ± 0,02 ** 3 Prototype 3.6 4.21 ± 0.16 4.19 ± 0.11 4.12 ± 0.03 4.02 ± 0.08 * Cholesterol, mmol / L 1 Control 2.86 3.82 ± 0.09 3.80 ± 0.10 3.78 ± 0.13 3.79 ± 0.05 2 The claimed method 2.86 3.80 ± 0.11 3.09 ± 0.03 * 2.93 ± 0.11 * 2.82 ± 0.07 ** 3 Prototype 2.86 3.82 ± 0.12 3.77 ± 0.10 3.80 ± 0.09 3.65 ± 0.03 Postnikov colloidal sediment test 1 Control - +++ ++ ++ ++ 2 The claimed method - +++ + + - 3 Prototype - +++ ++ ++ + Bilirubin, μmol / L 1 Control 4.27 5.38 ± 0.04 5.35 ± 0.09 5.36 ± 0.11 5.33 ± 0.17 2 The claimed method 4.27 5.37 ± 0.09 5.04 ± 0.07 4.62 ± 0.02 * 4.32 ± 0.03 ** 3 Prototype 4.27 5.37 ± 0.10 5.35 ± 0.09 5.33 ± 0.07 5.15 ± 0.08 Malondialdehyde, μmol / L 1 Control 0.55 1.25 ± 0.13 1.23 ± 0.04 1.21 ± 0.01 1.23 ± 0.12 2 The claimed method 0.55 1.24 ± 0.09 1.01 ± 0.17 0.91 ± 0.04 * 0.57 ± 0.06 ** 3 Prototype 0.55 1.24 ± 0.03 1.20 ± 0.03 1.17 ± 0.16 1.09 ± 0.14 Ceruloplasmin, mmol / l 1 Control 2.22 1.28 ± 0.13 1.26 ± 0.07 1.32 ± 0.09 1.30 ± 0.13 2 The claimed method 2.22 1.29 ± 0.07 1.93 ± 0.04 * 2.06 ± 0.11 * 2.17 ± 0.02 ** 3 Prototype 2.22 1.28 ± 0.09 1.36 ± 0.07 1.49 ± 0.02 1.53 ± 0.06 Note: Postnikov colloidal sediment test +++ sharply positive ++ positive + positive - negative

In the second experimental group of cows, against the background of the use of vermiculite with depolen, there was a significant regular decrease in total lipids in the blood serum throughout the experiment: on the 90th day, this indicator was lower than the background by 14.4%.

In the blood serum of cows of the third experimental group, a similar tendency to decrease in total lipids was also detected, but it was less pronounced: it was 4.6% lower than the baseline and 11.6% higher than the normative data.

Thus, the proposed method for the treatment of hepatosis in relation to the normalization of the functional state of the liver is more effective in comparison with other methods.

During the treatment, it was also found that in the second experimental group of cows, against the background of a decrease in total lipids, a regular decrease in the main oxidizing agent, cholesterol, was especially pronounced by the end of treatment. During this period, its concentration was 25.8% below baseline.

Although a decrease in cholesterol was detected in the blood serum of cows of the third experimental group, by the end of treatment its level was 4.5% lower than background values, but 27.6% higher than standard data. The established changes indicate that in the second experimental group of cows normalization of indicators of fat metabolism is noted. This assumption is confirmed by the Postnikov colloid-sedimentary reaction, which in the second experimental group by the end of treatment was negative, in the control group positive, in the third experimental group weakly positive.

In addition, in the blood serum of cows of the second experimental group, there was a decrease in bilirubin, the level of which on the 90th day of treatment was 19.6% lower than baseline and 1.1% higher than normal. This phenomenon indicates the normalization of pigment metabolism and the normal neutralization of bilirubin in hepatocytes of the liver by the addition of glucuronic acid.

Thus, the indicators obtained in the second experimental group of cows convincingly indicate a correctly selected method of treatment for hepatosis of dairy cows, that is, the proposed method of treatment normalizes the metabolism of fats in the body, which is the basis for this pathology.

In patients with hepatosis of cows, a pronounced violation has antioxidant protection, since the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) is much higher than the normative data, and the content of ceruloplasmin (CP) is lower.

The treatment, especially in the second experimental group, where vermiculite mineral enterosorbent and selenium-containing drug depolene were introduced into the diet of cows allowed normalizing free radical oxidation in the body of cows and reducing the toxic effect of lipid peroxidation products (LPO). These patterns were manifested in a decrease in serum MDA and an increase in the concentration of CP, expressed on the 90th day of treatment. During this period, the concentration of MDA decreased by 54.1% compared to baseline indicators, and the content of CP increased by 68.2%. In other experimental groups of cows, no significant changes in the indicated parameters were observed.

Summarizing the obtained data, we can conclude that the claimed method in comparison with the prototype and other methods proposed in this area allows us to recommend the mineral enterosorbent vermiculite of the Potanensky field in the treatment of hepatosis of dairy cows in technogenic provinces with an excess of nickel and lead at the rate of 0.10- 0.15 g per 1 kg of live weight twice a day for 14-15 days with an interval of 14-15 days in combination with a single administration of depolen in a dose of 1.9-2.1 ml per 100 kg of body weight. The duration of treatment is 85-90 days.

Information sources

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Claims (1)

A method for the treatment of hepatosis of dairy cows in technogenic provinces with an excess of nickel and lead, including symptomatic therapy and the administration of a drug with antioxidant, hepatoprotective effects, characterized in that as an antioxidant subcutaneous depole is used once at a dose of 1.9-2.1 ml per 100 kg of body weight and in addition to the diet - vermiculite of the Potanensky deposit at the rate of 0.10-0.15 g per 1 kg of live weight twice a day for 14-15 days with an interval of 14-15 days, for 85-90 days .