RU2672863C2 - Method for treating hepatoses in cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary medicine and is intended for the treatment of hepatoses in cattle. Cows with an interval of 5 days with a course of 45 days of 10 ml parenterally injected an oil solution of the hepatoprotector containing 0.03–0.06 % diacetophenylsilinide, 0.09–0.18 % beta-carotene, 5.5–6.0 % phospholipids, and at the same time 150 g of bentonite is applied to the feed for 30 days daily, and then 100 g for 15 days.EFFECT: method allows to increase the effectiveness and shorten the treatment period, as well as to increase the safety and milk productivity of cows.1 cl, 2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine and can be used in the treatment of hepatosis in cattle.

Liver diseases in animals occupy one of the leading places in the list of diseases from the total number of non-infectious pathologies. Animal husbandry suffers significant economic damage from hepatopathies due to death of animals, decreased productivity, reproductive ability, resistance, the development of many infectious and non-communicable diseases against this background, as well as an increase in direct material costs for therapeutic and preventive measures. In highly productive dairy cattle, the load on the liver increases dramatically during such critical periods in the life of animals as pregnancy, calving, and subsequent lactation. With a highly concentrated type of feeding, fatty liver is observed in most cows [1, 2].

Therefore, it seems justified to search for new, more effective methods of treating hepatosis in cattle, which, in addition, can have a stimulating effect on their productivity and safety.

A known method of treatment and prevention of hepatosis in animals, comprising injecting animals with a hydrolyzate of liver tissue and mineral salts of isotonic concentration in effective doses. At the same time, for therapeutic purposes, for 5-6 days in a row, cows in a dose of 20-40 ml, and calves in a dose of 10-12 ml, are injected with a solution of a hydrolyzate of liver tissue and mineral salts in an isotonic concentration, with 0.5 doses being administered subcutaneously and 0, 5 doses are administered intramuscularly; for critical animals, a solution of a liver tissue hydrolyzate and mineral salts in isotonic concentration is administered intravenously at a dose of 100-200 ml in a 1: 1 dilution with 40% glucose; cows for the purpose of prevention are administered a solution of a hydrolyzate of liver tissue and mineral salts in an isotonic concentration at a dose of 10-20 ml every 7-10 days, for a total of 5-6 injections. The composition of mineral salts to the isotonic concentration of the solution is as follows: sodium disulfite, magnesium oxide, sodium chloride, potassium hydroxide, sodium acetate. In addition, glucose and water are injected [3].

A known method of treating combined mycotoxicosis of dairy cows, which includes the introduction of enterosorbents into the diet. Vermiculite is used as a sorbent, and vermiculite is fed to animals daily at a dose of 100 g per head for 60 days. Additionally, animals are injected with sedimin at a dose of 10 ml per head and vitaptin at a dose of 20 ml per head at the beginning of treatment and again after 30 days of treatment. In this case, expanded vermiculite of the Kovdorsky field with particle sizes of 0.1-2.0 mm is used. [four].

The closest in technical essence is a method of treating hepatosis of dairy cows in a technogenic province with an excess of nickel and lead, taken as the closest analogue. The method includes symptomatic therapy and administration of a drug with an antioxidant, hepatoprotective effect, wherein, as an antioxidant, depolene is used once a day at a dose of 1.9-2.1 ml per 100 kg of body weight; in addition to the diet, vermiculite of the Potanensky deposit is added at the rate of 0.10-0.15 g per 1 kg of live weight twice a day for 14-15 days with an interval of 14-15 days, for 85-90 days [5].

However, the application of the above methods either does not directly affect the liver at all, or cannot completely protect or restore the impaired functions of membranes, mitochondria, and other structures of hepatocytes, since it affects only certain links of pathogenesis in hepatopathology. Known methods do not allow to provide a complex effect, showing therapeutic efficacy in hepatosis in cattle (acting on hepatocytes and simultaneously solving the problem of detoxification of the body), as well as lead to a simultaneous increase in the productivity and preservation of animals. In some cases, the use of these methods for ruminants is either not acceptable at all, or is not economically feasible.

Objective: improving the effectiveness of treatment for hepatosis, improving the safety and productivity of cattle.

This object is achieved in that in a method for the treatment of hepatosis in cattle, including the use of a hepatoprotective drug, according to the invention, an oil solution of a hepatoprotector containing 0.03-0.06% diacetophenonylselinide is parenterally administered to cows with an interval of 5 days at a rate of 45 days. , 0.09-0.18% beta-carotene, 5.5-6.0% phospholipids and at the same time with food, 150 g of bentonite are used for 30 days daily, and then 100 g for 15 days.

The technical result provided by the proposed method, including the use of bentonite and hepatoprotective drug, is to increase the efficiency and reduce the treatment time for hepatosis in cattle, increase milk production and preserve the livestock.

The claimed method differs from the closest analogue, where the depolene preparation containing barium selenate (selenite) and liquid paraffin is used as a hepatoprotector, by the inclusion of a whole complex of substances that target liver cells — essential phospholipids, as well as antioxidants — the chelated form of selenium and beta-carotene . Applicants have discovered good compatibility and synergism of the action of phospholipids, carotene and diacetophenonylselinide, which improves the efficiency of their use. This combination of components selectively affects hepatocytes, contributing to the intensification of cellular metabolism and metabolism, redox processes, cell regeneration, lipid metabolism, which leads to an additional positive effect in the treatment of liver diseases in animals with the realization of the effect of increasing their safety and productivity.

The complex effect of the claimed method on the etiological and pathogenetic components of hepatosis also lies in the use of bentonites, rather than vermiculite, in the therapeutic regimen.

Vermiculites, as well as bentonites, belong to three-layer silicates, i.e. their crystal lattice consists of two tetrahedral networks between which there is an octahedral layer. Therefore, they fully possess sorption activity. However, vermiculite as the sorbent was most widely used not in animal husbandry, but in hydroponics and crop production, where it is used as a substrate, for mulching and aeration of the soil, saturating the plant with useful minerals and. For pets, vermiculite is used as a cat litter.

Unlike bentonites, vermiculites are not capable of unlimited swelling and absorb a strictly defined amount of liquid. In this case, vermiculite fixes large weakly hydrated cations, K ⁺ , NH ₄ ⁺ , Rb ⁺ , Cs ⁺ , in the interpackage spaces, which actively displace Ca ⁺ , Mg ^2+, and other cations with higher hydration energies from the interpackage positions, which leads to compression crystal lattice.

Whereas the minerals of the bentonite group (montmorillonite) have a low charge between the layers of the packets, which leads to weak electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged three-layer packets and interpacket cations. As a result, the crystal lattice of bentonites is able to expand 10-15 times, greatly increasing their sorption activity, which makes bentonites one of the most effective adsorbents.

Due to the low charge and weak electrostatic interaction between the three-layer packets and interpacket cations, bentonites are able to carry out sorption and desorption processes not only on internal, but also on external (external) surfaces. That is why bentonites in the digestive tract of animals actively attract and retain the polar functional groups of xenobiotic molecules - toxins, bacterial cells, under-oxidized waste products of the body, creating new structural compounds based on them that are unable to be absorbed by the internal walls of the intestine. Bound toxins are fixed on the surface of bentonite particles, which prevents their absorption and spread throughout the body, and then excreted with feces. This explains the detoxification function of bentonites, which help to reduce the toxic load on the liver.

In addition, the effect of bentonites on the liver is due to the intensification of metabolic changes in hepatocytes and is associated with the restructuring of the transamination enzyme system, leading to the mobilization of amino acids from other tissues, their transamination and use for the synthesis of specific proteins in the liver. Normalization of transaminase activity can serve as one of the signs of a decrease in the cytolytic syndrome that occurs during hepatosis in animals, which results in the destruction of the walls of hepatocytes and a violation of the structure of cell membranes, leading to the excretion of enzymes into the bloodstream.

The effect of the proposed method for the treatment of hepatosis, which increases the safety and productivity of cattle, is confirmed by testing.

The scientific and production experiment was carried out on cows of the Holstein-Friesian breed, which are in the deadwood period.

In the experiment, 20 animals were selected that had symptomatic manifestations of chronic liver pathology (according to the type of fatty hepatosis - fatty liver degeneration).

Clinical examination of animals was carried out according to the scheme generally accepted in veterinary practice, an ultrasound study was additionally performed, in which the echogenicity of the tissues of the liver and gall bladder, the echostructure, as well as the shape, size, presence or absence of volumetric formations and free fluid were performed. Blood samples for laboratory studies were taken at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.

Cows were above average weight, body temperature, heart rate and respiratory movements within normal limits. Clinical examination revealed peeling of the epidermis in all animals, in 40% - extensive alopecia, in 50% - dystonia of the pancreas with a violation of rhythm and strength of ruminations. In 80% of the cows, the percussion borders of the liver were expanded, in 30%, its pain on palpation was manifested. In the majority of cows examined, the last caudal vertebrae were softened. Yellowness of the skin and mucous membranes was absent.

Ultrasound diagnostics of the liver and biliary system confirmed the diagnosis of fatty degeneration of the liver (an increase in liver size was noted, the edges were rounded, the contour was fuzzy, the echostructure was heterogeneous, fine-grained, and increased echogenicity).

A background biochemical study found that the diagnosis of hepatosis was confirmed by the following indicators: hypoproteinemia (a decrease in the level of total protein to 68.7 ± 1.34 g / l against 79-89 g / l normal); disturbances in proteinograms - a decrease in albumin and an increase in the β- and γ-globulin fractions; low urea level (2.8 ± 0.57 mM / L versus 3.3 mM / L normal); positive thymol test; increased activity of aminotransferases (AlAt 48.9 ± 1.48 U / L and AsAt 126.7 ± 3.4 U / L); the concentration of vitamins (carotene, tocopherol) was recorded beyond the lower limit of the norm.

Cows were divided into 2 groups of 10 animals each:

1 - positive control (treatment according to the scheme adopted on the farm: adsorbents, urotropin, choleretic drugs, intravenous glucose solution);

2 - experience (the proposed method for the treatment of hepatosis: cows were parenterally injected with an oil solution containing diacetophenonylselinide (0.03-0.06%), beta-carotene (0.09-0.18%) and phospholipids (5.5-6, 0%) in 10 ml per animal every five days for 45 days. Additionally, bentonite was used with food at a dose of 150 g per head for a month, in the next 15 days the dose was 100 g per animal). All animals were in the same room and received the same basic diet.

The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated by forced slaughter, the clinical condition of the cows, data from a biochemical blood test and ultrasound diagnostics. After calving, cows took into account the amount of milk weighed.

The therapeutic effectiveness of the proposed method was expressed in the absence of animal death in the experimental group, whereas in the group treated according to the scheme adopted on the farm, 2 cows (20%) were forcedly slaughtered immediately after calving (the safety in testing the proposed method was 100% versus 80% in the standard method), see table. one.

At the end of the experiment, analyzing the data of biochemical studies of blood of cows after treatment, it was found that the proposed method had a pronounced positive effect on the metabolism of animals. Indicators of protein metabolism were characterized by a significant increase in the level of total protein by 18.9% in comparison with the positive control. This process was accompanied by stabilization of its fractional composition (increase in albumin and decrease in globulin fractions to normal values). A tendency toward an increase in urea concentration to 3.8 ± 0.37 Mm / L was noted, while in control animals this indicator varied within narrow boundaries and did not reach the norm (2.4 ± 0.23 mm / L). Data on enzyme activity indicate a decrease in the cytolytic syndrome in the experimental group (the level of amino transferases significantly decreased with a difference in AlAt by 57.9% and AcAt by 48.3% compared with control animals). Therefore, the normalizing effect of the proposed method on the activity of hepato-indicator enzymes indicates a more effective restoration of the membrane structures of hepatocytes.

A decrease in the qualitative expression of the thymol test in animals of the experimental group also testified to reparative processes in the liver. In these animals, by the end of the experiment, the process of increasing the level of vitamins was observed (with a high significance of differences): 1.8 times for carotene and 1.4 times for tocopherol. In the control group, changes in these indicators were insignificant.

Normalization of biochemical parameters during therapy with the proposed method had a pronounced positive effect on the clinical status of animals. By the end of the experiment, in 9 animals of the experimental group (90%) there was an increase in the number of scar reduction, pain on palpation of the liver disappeared, its percussion borders returned to normal, the coat became stronger and shinier, bald patches were partially overgrown. In the control group, such changes were recorded only in 3 animals (30%).

In the experimental group, with an ultrasound examination of the liver at the end of the experiment in 9 cows, the echogram almost corresponded to healthy animals. With positive registration of echo signals, transverse and oblique sections of peripheral vessels were visible in the form of small echopositive areas of a round or oval shape. The structure of the liver parenchyma became homogeneous, the edges were more even, the hepatic lobes were well delimited, the bile ducts ceased to be visualized. The vascular pattern has become well defined.

All control cows recorded a diffuse increase in echogenicity and an increase in size with ultrasound of the liver, indicating a pathology of the type of hepatosis.

From the data presented in table 2, it is seen that the application of the proposed method contributed to an increase in milk yield by 13.1%. The quality of milk also improved, which was manifested by an increase in the yield of milk protein and an increase in the fat content (3.5% versus 3.0%), while the milk contained more dry matter.

Example. The effectiveness of using the method is presented in an example where the cow had clinical signs of hepatosis (depression, digestive upset, yellowness of the mucous membranes, enlargement of the liver, its tightening, ruffle and brittle coat), the diagnosis was confirmed by blood chemistry data (a decrease in protein synthesis of the liver and the presence of cytolytic syndrome).

An oily solution containing diacetophenonylselinide (0.03-0.06%), beta-carotene (0.09-0.18%) and phospholipids (5.5-6.0%), 10 ml each, was administered parenterally to the cow every five days for 45 days. Additionally, bentonite was used with food at a dose of 150 g for a month, in the next 15 days the dose was 100 g.

Diagnostic studies showed that the use of the treatment method improved the clinical condition of the animal. After two weeks of therapy, the signs of gastrointestinal disturbances disappeared, and at the end of the experiment the percussion borders of the liver returned to normal, the coat of the cow became stronger and more shiny. A biochemical blood test showed that indicators reflecting the functional state of the liver were optimized.

Thus, the proposed method has a pronounced therapeutic efficacy for hepatosis in cattle, allowing to increase the effectiveness and reduce treatment time, as well as increase the safety and milk productivity of cows.

Information sources

1. Antipov V.A., Menshenin V.V., Turchenko A.N., Semenenko M.P., Kuzminova E.V. / Effective zoo veterinary technologies to increase the reproduction, preservation and productivity of animals (guidelines) // Krasnodar, 2005. 79 p.

2. Kuzminova E.V. Modern approaches to the treatment of cattle hepatopathies / Kuzminova E.V., Semenenko M.P., Shah-Melikyan T.A. // Bulletin of Veterinary Medicine. 2011. No4 (59). S. 135-137.

3. Patent RU 2385728 / Method for the treatment and prevention of hepatosis in animals, 2010

4. Patent RU 2444376 / Method for the treatment of combined mycotoxicosis of dairy cows, 2010

5. Patent RU 2402323 / Method for the treatment of hepatosis of dairy cows in a technogenic province with an excess of nickel and lead, 2010

Claims (1)

A method for the treatment of hepatosis in cattle, including the use of a hepatoprotective drug, characterized in that cows with an interval of 5 days in a 45-day course of 10 ml are parenterally administered an oil solution of hepatoprotector containing 0.03-0.06% diacetophenonylselinide, 0.09- 0.18% beta-carotene, 5.5-6.0% phospholipids, and simultaneously with food, 150 g of bentonite are used for 30 days daily, and then 100 g for 15 days.