RU2057937C1 - Process of strip mining of deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for strip mining of deposits of mineral resources, for finishing operations in sections of underground workings, for opening and finishing of deep strippings with nonuniformly dipping group of deposits (at angle 20-45 deg to horizon), for dumping of toxic rocks and for incidental quarrying of construction materials from underlaying rocks. Process involves stripping of deposit, excavation and transportation of rock mass, dumping of barren rock into worked out spaces, formation of cross-overs over dumped rock. First of all deposits in flank of stripping on side of lying wall of deposit are developed. Deposit deepenings in flank of stripping are filled with overburden rock with addition of binding materials such as clay, for instance. High walls of dumped rock are anchored by blocks and slabs. Deepening of deposits are spread, enhanced in space, shielded and filled with toxic rock and there covered with water insulating layer. EFFECT: expanded application field of process. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, and in particular to methods of producing opencast mining in the development of mineral deposits, and can be used in opencast mining of minerals, the completion of areas for the repayment of underground workings, at the opening and completion of deep pits with an unevenly falling group of deposits (under angle of up to 20-45 ^on the horizon), for the storage of toxic species and by-production of construction materials from the underlying rocks.

 A very urgent problem of open-pit mining is considered the maximum completeness of mineral extraction with a minimum amount of overburden, storage of toxic rocks.

 With the open development of complex mineral deposits or the totality of such deposits, especially with a large depth of their location, they tend to use phased development and internal dumping.

где Г глубина дна карьера, м;
Н_п глубина промежуточного дна карьера; м;
Ш_д ширина промежуточного дна карьера; м;
Х₁ ширина по промежуточному дну карьера первой выработки между целиком и погашаемым бортом, м;
Х₂ ширина по промежуточному дну карьера второй выработки между циклом и погашаемым бортом, м;
Ш_а ширина автотранспортной площади, м;
α_ц1 результирующий угол первого откоса целика, расположенного на дне карьера, град;
α_ц2 результирующий угол второго откоса целика, расположенного на дне карьера, град.A known method for the reconstruction of quarries, including mining the quarry to the project contour of the quarry in depth, forming an intermediate bottom, paying off the bottom with the formation of a safety berm, conducting a ramp, dumping overburden to the bottom of the worked out space, detuning on the dumped rocks of the ramp before connecting it to the ramp on board , mining and transportation of minerals, characterized in that, in order to reduce the cost of stripping work by reducing the volume of excavated rocks with increasing In order to ensure the safety of mining operations at lower horizons, on the quenched side of the quarry, an exit is formed to a depth that is determined by the dependence:
G H _p -

where G is the depth of the bottom of the quarry, m;
N _{p the} depth of the intermediate bottom of the quarry; m;
W _{d the} width of the intermediate bottom of the quarry; m;
X ₁ width along the intermediate bottom of the quarry of the first production between the whole and redeemable side, m;
X ₂ width along the intermediate bottom of the quarry of the second production between the cycle and redeemable side, m;
W _{and the} width of the road area, m;
α _{c1 the} resulting angle of the first slope of the pillar located at the bottom of the quarry, deg;
α _{c2 the} resulting angle of the second slope of the pillar located at the bottom of the quarry, deg.

 Then, a rear pillar is formed in the array below the bottom of the quarry by conducting a congress to the intermediate bottom along the project contour. In this case, the formation of the side by means of a safety berm is carried out below the specified depth, after which overburden is poured between the whole and the quenched side, and after connecting the exits, the exit is completely cut to the end of the quarry. Then the rocks of the pillar are worked out.

З_i•i_i

З_Hi•i_i где Н высота погашения борта, м;
ΔЗ_i разность заложения съезда на целике на i-м участке, м;
i_i уклон съезда на i-м участке,
З_нi заложение насыпанного i-го участка съезда, м.According to claim 1, the formulas of this invention [1] the safety berm pass to the side height, defined by the expression:
H

W _i • _{i i}

З _Hi • i _i where Н is the board redemption height, m;
ΔЗ _{i the} difference of the congress on the rear in the i-th section, m;
i _{i the} ramp of the exit on the i-th section,
З _нi laying of the poured i-th section of the congress, m.

 This invention allows to reduce the volume of the current overburden due to the location of the lower motorways on temporarily formed internal dumps, which are then removed from the quarry and the roads are transferred to the rear. In general, the overburden volume in the design contour of the deep pit remains fixed.

 The method does not allow to further increase the completeness of the extraction of minerals compared with conventional methods of development and reconstruction.

 There is also known a method of working out rocks, including working out with leading and lagging ledges from the roof, blasting rocks, removing them, moving and transporting the rock, forming a recess in the roof of the lagging ledge with a depth exceeding the freezing depth of the rocks of the lagging ledge, moving oversized pieces on the roof of the lagging ledge and laying them into the indicated recess with a height not higher than the maximum freezing depth of the rocks of the lagging ledge. Then they are covered with insulating material and covered with rock, and mining is carried out after thawing together with the rocks of the lagging ledge.

 According to claim 2 of the claims [2], a recess is formed in the form of a trench; according to claim 3, frozen rocks are thermally insulated by rock with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity.

 The method is intended for the development of loose frozen oversized pieces that are shipped after thawing.

 In FIG. 1 shows the first stage of an open field development of three deposits; figure 2 the second stage of development with forced shipment of the reservoir 1; figure 3 the third stage of development.

 The development of deposits by the proposed method is as follows. At the first stage, deposits 1 and 2 are worked out by ledges 4. At the same time, deposit 1 is worked out forcibly, the indentation from the deposit in the quarry is covered with overburden with the addition of binding materials, such as clay. If it is necessary to store toxic rocks, for example substandard polymetallic ores, the slopes and the bottom of the recesses from the deposits are shielded with water-resistant rocks 5. Then toxic rocks, oversized pieces are stored in the recesses, they cover the surface of the stored rocks with a waterproofing layer. After that, transport berms 7, safety berms 8 are formed on the surface of the stored rocks 6, transport communications 10 are built. Working ledges 4 on the lower horizons are worked out to the limit circuit 11. The slopes of the ledges from the dumped rocks are strengthened with blocks and plates 12.

The proposed method of developing deposits provides:
the completeness of the extraction of minerals from deposit 1;
reduction in the volume of overburden exported from the quarry;
associated production of building materials when they lie in the lying side of the field;
internal circuits in the stacking career at angles of incidence of deposits to the group ^of 20-45;
reduction of rock transportation distances;
burial of toxic rocks in the open pit space.

Claims (2)

 1. METHOD OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEPOSITS, including their opening, excavation and transportation of rock mass, storage of waste rock and mined space, the formation of ramps for stocked waste rock, characterized in that it primarily develops deposits in the quarry side of the lying side of the field, deepening from deposits on the quarry are covered with overburden with the addition of binding materials, such as clay, and the escarpments of the ledges from the spilled rocks are reinforced with blocks and plates.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses from the deposits are spread and increased in volume, shielded, filled with toxic rocks, covered with a waterproofing layer.

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