RU2088760C1 - Method for recultivation of slopes in opencast mining of mineral deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: recultivation of disturbed land. SUBSTANCE: formed on upper platform of slope along its crest is a row of blocks by means of dams with subsequent filling them with hydraulic mixture of potentially fertile ground, beginning from most remote block from main pipeline. Height of mixture in each block depends on block parameters, physicomechanical properties of ground and hydraulic mixture, and on parameters of prism of possible caving of recultivated slope. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the reclamation of disturbed lands.

There is a method of reclamation in open cast mining, including storing the soil layer in a tape dump to the bottom in the center of the quarry field, and overburden at its borders, then overburden is moved to the flattened surface of the sides and bottom of the quarry, and the soil layer is laid on overburden [1 ]
The disadvantage of this method is the significant amount of bulldozer work to flatten the slopes, the need to remove, load and transport the potentially fertile layer, the duration of the restoration of the capillary system, which provides air and water access to the roots of plants during the "dry" laying of rocks.

 There is a method of reclamation of slopes during open pit mining, including water saturation of the rock mass followed by its collapse and applying to the reclaimed surface of potentially fertile rocks [2] prototype.

 The disadvantage of this method is its limited use only for the reclamation of an array of loose rocks. In addition, this method is time-consuming due to the need to lower the blade, the formation of trenches in each moving layer of rocks and coating the surface with imported soil.

 The objective of the method is to provide alternate and reliable collapse of all sections of the reclaimed slope from loose and semi-breeding rocks with the simultaneous application of potentially fertile rocks while reducing labor costs for reclamation.

где h_г высота слоя намываемой гидросмеси, м;
Φ_п угол внутреннего трения пород обрушаемого массива, град;
P_п удельная сила веса пород обрушаемого массива, т/м;
α угол откоса обрушаемого массива, град;
w угол выхода кривой скольжения,

c сцепление пород в массиве, т/м²;
l длина наклонного участка блока обрушаемого массива, м;
γ_г плотность гидросмеси, т/м³;
L ширина пригрузки, м;
Величина высоты намываемой гидросмеси для каждого блока является достаточной для обеспечения обрушения рекультивируемого откоса, соответствующего блока, его выполаживания и перемешивания полускальных пород, слагающих откос, с потенциально-плодородными породами гидросмеси. Поочередное заполнение всех блоков гидросмесью и их обрушение обеспечивает равномерную рекультивацию всего откоса.This is achieved by the fact that in the method of reclamation of slopes during open-pit mining of deposits, including water saturation of the rock mass followed by its collapse and the formation of a layer from a potentially fertile mixture on the reclaimed surface, a series of blocks are formed on the top of the slope along its edge, then they are filled a hydraulic mixture of potentially fertile rocks, starting from the block farthest from the main pipeline, to a height equal to

where h _{g the} height of the layer to be washed slurry, m;
Φ _{n the} angle of internal friction of the rocks of the collapsed massif, deg;
P _p specific gravity of rocks of the collapsed massif, t / m;
α slope of the collapsed massif, degrees;
w is the angle of exit of the slip curve,

c adhesion of rocks in the massif, t / m ² ;
l the length of the inclined section of the block collapsible array, m;
γ _{g the} density of the slurry, t / m ³ ;
L loading width, m;
The value of the height of the reclaimed slurry for each block is sufficient to ensure the collapse of the reclaimed slope, the corresponding block, its flattening and mixing half-rock forming the slope, with potentially fertile slurry rocks. The successive filling of all blocks with a hydraulic mixture and their collapse ensures uniform restoration of the entire slope.

 Thus, all the distinguishing features of the invention are interconnected and only their combination provides a solution to the problem.

 When conducting a patent search, no technical solutions have been identified that have the differences indicated in comparison with the prototype.

 Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a reclaimed slope; figure 2 - placement of blocks in the presence of an overlying ledge; figure 3 diagram of the formation of blocks in an annular embankment.

 The method is as follows.

 On the upper site of the reclaimed slope 1 along its edge 2 create a dam 3 and a zone of weakening of the array 4 using a bulldozer-ripper. Then, on the site, fenced by the dam 3 and the slope 5 of the overlying ledge, several closed blocks 6 are formed by means of dividing dams 7.

 In the absence of an overlying ledge or its considerable distance from the top edge of the reclaimed slope, each closed block 6 is formed by connecting adjacent dividing dams 7 from the side of the opposite embankment dam 3 with an additional enclosing dam 8 (Fig. 3). The capacities of the blocks thus formed are filled with a hydraulic mixture of non-toxic potentially fertile overburden in sequence, starting from the block farthest from the main pipeline 9. To prevent flooding of the underlying areas with a hydraulic mixture, drainage ditch 10 is carried out along the lower edge of the reclaimed slope.

где h_г высота слоя намываемой гидросмеси, м;
Φ_п угол внутреннего трения пород обрушаемого массива, град;
P_п удельная сила веса пород обрушаемого массива, т/м;
α угол откоса обрушаемого массива, град;
w угол выхода кривой скольжения,

c сцепление пород в массиве, т/м²;
l длина наклонного участка блока обрушаемого массива, м;
γ_г плотность гидросмеси, т/м³;
L ширина пригрузки, м;
При заполнении блоков гидросмесью происходит обводнение породного массива рекультивируемого откоса и появление сил гидростатического взвешивания и гидродинамического давления, величина которых зависит от высоты слоя намываемой гидросмеси. Воздействие гидростатических и гидродинамических сил на рекультивируемый откос вызывает нарушение его устойчивости, в результате чего происходит поочередное обрушение всех участков откоса с одновременным перемешиванием полускальных пород, слагающих откос, с потенциально-плодородными вскрышными породами гидросмеси.The height of the slurry layer in each block depends on the parameters of the block, physico-mechanical properties of the rocks and slurry, as well as on the parameters of the prism of the possible collapse of the reclaimed slope and is equal to:

where h _{g the} height of the layer to be washed slurry, m;
Φ _{n the} angle of internal friction of the rocks of the collapsed massif, deg;
P _p specific gravity of rocks of the collapsed massif, t / m;
α slope of the collapsed massif, degrees;
w is the angle of exit of the slip curve,

c adhesion of rocks in the massif, t / m ² ;
l the length of the inclined section of the block collapsible array, m;
γ _{g the} density of the slurry, t / m ³ ;
L loading width, m;
When the blocks are filled with a hydraulic mixture, the rock mass of the reclaimed slope is flooded and the forces of hydrostatic weighing and hydrodynamic pressure appear, the magnitude of which depends on the height of the layer of the washed hydraulic mixture. The impact of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces on the reclaimed slope causes a violation of its stability, as a result of which there is a successive collapse of all sections of the slope with the simultaneous mixing of half-rock forming the slope, with potentially fertile overburden rock mixtures.

 Thus, this method provides a flattening of the reclaimed slopes, significantly reduces the labor costs of reclamation due to reliable and uniform collapse and the application of potentially fertile rocks as a result of washing up the slurry layer with a height determined by the above dependence.

 An example of the implementation of this method.

 For the reclamation of slopes of the Eastern dump truck of semi-rock rocks A.O. The Bachatsky open pit of the Kuzbassrazrezugol concern from laid overburden with the help of a dyke and three dividing dams, two blocks are formed adjacent to the lower edge of the upper slope. Moreover, the width of each block is selected based on the strength properties of the rocks that make up the massif, and is equal to 100 and 150 m, respectively.

According to the results of determining the physicomechanical properties of the dump rocks: rock density γ 1.85 t / m ³ , adhesion C 3.8 t / m ² , internal friction angle v _p 31 ^o and surveying survey, the load width L 42 m was determined, taking the density slurry γ _g 1,08 t / m ³ , we calculate the value of h _{g by the} known methods of algebraic addition of forces along a curved sliding surface and a polygon of forces.

In this case, the calculation includes sequential search of the family of slip curves with the calculation of the corresponding values of Σcl and ΣP _n (tgΦ _n cosα-ηsinα) and the choice of the weakest sliding surface when η ≅ 1 for which the value of h _{g is} minimal. For specific conditions, h _g = 2.5 m.

Dams, the height of which is assumed to be 1.2 h _g 3 m to avoid overflow of the hydraulic mixture, are built with a T-180 bulldozer.

 The slope collapses within a week after the blocks are washed out in the form of a landslide circus and meets the forecast parameters, which meets the requirements of sanitary-hygienic reclamation of slopes of dumps of semi-rock breeds.

Information sources:
1. Autosvid. N 1062392 C. E 21 C 41/32 Reclamation method in open pit mining (analogue).

 2. Auth. testimonial. N 1579960 C. E 21 C 41/32 The method of reclamation of dumps (prototype).

Claims (1)

A method of reclamation of slopes during open-pit mining of deposits, including water saturation of the rock mass followed by its collapse and the formation of a layer of a potentially fertile mixture on the reclaimed surface, characterized in that a number of blocks are formed on the upper slope area along its edge, and water saturation of the rock mass is carried out by filling the blocks with a hydraulic mixture of potentially fertile rocks, starting from the block farthest from the main pipeline, to a height

where h _{r the} height of the layer to be washed slurry, m;
Φ _p - the angle of internal friction of the rocks of the collapsed massif, deg;
P _{p the} specific gravity of the rocks of the collapsed massif, t / m ² ;
α is the slope angle of the collapsed massif, degrees;
ω is the angle of exit of the slip curve,

with the adhesion of rocks in the massif, t / m ² ;
l the length of the inclined section of the block collapsible array, m;
γ _g is the density of the slurry, t / m ³ ;
L loading width, m;
η is the safety factor.

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