RU2055596C1 - Method for cyclic raising of commercial fish in groups of ponds with regulated living conditions and closed water circulation system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fish farming. SUBSTANCE: fish is raised in groups of eight ponds equal in volume and design. Raising is effected with water closed circulation system and regulated living conditions. Introduced into the first pond of each group is fish-planting material in the amount required for fishing all other ponds of the group. This material is grown up to maximum permissible size of ichtyomass. Then, fish is transferred from one pond to another one, by transferring one half of raised fish into the following one in the following sequence: from pond 1 to pond 2, from two ponds 2 into ponds 3 and 4, from the first four ponds into the four remaining. From pond 1 commercial fish is realized fully, and from seven remaining, only by one half. In all next raising cycles, full withdrawal of fish from seven ponds is accomplished before their stocking with 50% portion of fish to be stocked. EFFECT: maintained uniform load on water cleaning apparatuses, multiple realization of product during one raising cycle and higher fish raising efficiency. 1 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

 Known is the traditional generally accepted year-round method of growing fish, in which pools are stocked with planting material based on the maximum possible ichthyomass at the end of the growing period. At the same time, most of the time, the volumes of pools and water purification devices are underloaded by ichthyomass, which leads to inefficient use of their volumes, and fish are sold once at the end of the growing cycle. This creates difficulties in the operation of apparatus for water purification in the installation and increases their cost.

 A method of growing fish, called "polycycle", taken by the authors as a prototype, involves the monthly receipt of planting material through own production or importation of it from growing farms with successive monthly fish transplants as it grows. In this case, the total number of outgrowth pools should be equal to 12. The method requires maintaining your own broodstock, special equipment for monthly incubation of eggs and rearing of young, additional areas for placement. Constant qualified service is required. Moreover, the incubation of eggs, the cultivation of juveniles and commercial fish at the same time in one installation is not very effective, since it requires different conditions for keeping broodstock, larvae, fry, and commercial fish. The monthly delivery of fish seed material requires large transport costs and the reservation of planting material, which occupies certain production volumes, which could be used for growing marketable products.

 The aim of the invention is the creation of a method for the cyclic cultivation of commercial fish in groups of pools with adjustable living conditions with a closed system of water circulation, which allows to increase fish productivity, maintain a uniform load on water purifiers and repeatedly sell products during the growing cycle.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that fish are grown in pools of the same volume and design, the number of which in the group is 8, the pools create the same living conditions, in the first pool of each group, when stocking, planting material is added in the amount necessary to stock all pools of this group, growing is carried out to the maximum permissible value of ichthyomass (M), and when transplanting fish from the pool to the pool, half of the grown amount is transferred in the following sequence Nativeness: from the first pool to the second, from the first two to the third and fourth, from the first four to the remaining four, while the selection of marketable fish from the first basin, the fish are fully sold, and from the remaining seven half and in all subsequent growing cycles, a complete selection of marketable fish from 7 pools are produced before stocking with their next 50% portion of the seated fish (see drawing).

 The essence of the method consists in the fact that on day A the imported planting material in the amount of 8P pieces of a certain total mass of 05M kg is placed in the fish tank 1.

 After time B, the ichthyomass in the first pool reaches the maximum value of M kg, is divided in half and 0.5 M kg (4P pieces) remains in the first pool, and 0.5 M kg (4P pieces) are deposited in the second pool.

 After time B, the ichthyomass in the first and second basins will reach M kg in each value. From the first and second pools, ichthyomass in an amount of 0.5 M kg (2P pieces) is planted in pools 3 and 4.

 After time G, the ichthyomass in each of the basins 1-4 doubles again, reaching M kg in each. Half (0.5 M kg) of ichthyomass from each pool is deposited in pools 5-8.

 After time D, planting material in each pool reaches marketable weight and total ichthyomass M kg. Of the 7 pools, half of the available fish is sold (a total of 3.5 P pieces), and from the first pool, the fish is fully sold (P pieces). The first pool is stocked up with a new batch of planting material on day A in the amount of 8P pieces, and in the remaining 7 pools, fish continues to be grown.

 After time B, the ichthyomass in the first pool reaches the maximum value of M kg, is divided in half and 0.5 M kg (4P pieces) remains in the first pool, and 0.5 M kg (4P pieces) are planted in the second pool, from which the commodity is previously sold fish of the previous cycle in an amount of 0.5 P pieces, weighing> 0.5 M kg.

 After time B, the ichthyomass in the first and second basins will reach M kg in each value. From the first and second pools, ichthyomass in an amount of 0.5 M kg (2P pieces) is planted in pools 3 and 4, of which pre-marketed fish of the previous cycle is sold in the amount of 0.5 P pieces and weighing> 0.5 M kg from each (total P pieces).

 After time G, the ichthyomass in each of the basins 1-4 doubles again, reaching M kg in each. Half (0.5 M kg) of ichthyomass from each pool is planted in pools 5-8, of which 0.5 P pieces (a total of 2 P pieces) of merchandise from the previous cycle are previously sold, each weighing M kg.

 After time D, planting material in each pool reaches a marketable weight and total ichthyomass of M kg, half of the available fish is sold from 7 pools (total 3.5 P units) and one pool is fully sold (P units), which is stocked up with a new batch of planting material per day And in the amount of 8 P pieces. The fish growing cycle closes.

 The time period BD corresponds to one cycle, i.e. planting material is imported once, while fish is sold 5 times per cycle in all subsequent cycles except the first.

 The total value of ichthyomass in the pools is relatively constant and ranges from 4 M kg to 8 M kg, which provides a relatively stable load on the water treatment apparatus, and the volumes of fish tanks are fully used at any time during the B-D rearing period. The maximum lump sum of fish in each group of 8 pools is 8 M kg. For this amount of fish, water purification and preparation devices are calculated.

 If the number of pools is not equal in group 8, but less, then at the end of the growing cycle for pooling fish pools will not be enough, and if more, then extra pools cannot be involved in the proposed method of growing fish.

 If the pools are of different sizes, then periodic division of ichthyomass in half and depositing into other pools will lose its meaning, as this will lead either to underloading of fish-breeding pools, or to their overload and, as a result, to a violation of the relative synchronization of fish growth in the pools. The implementation of the method will become impossible.

 If in the pools there are different conditions for keeping fish or they are not stable, the relative synchronization of fish growth will also be impaired and the implementation of the method will also become impossible.

 Compared with the prototype, the proposed method has advantages: monthly delivery or reproduction of planting material for stocking pools is not required, stocking is enough to be done 2 times a year: for the first time in autumn with yearlings, when transplanting them from outgrowths to wintering ponds, for the second in spring, when transplanting them from wintering to feeding ponds, in connection with which transport costs are reduced; Highly skilled and labor-intensive maintenance is not required associated with the harvesting of pituitary glands, the organization of breeding herds of producers and repairs, the process of preparing producers for spawning, injecting, incubating eggs, keeping, growing and growing larvae, fry, and working with live food; the use of additional areas and volumes of pools is not required for the placement of special equipment for the organization of broodstock and fry farming; fish productivity of the pools increases by 1.5 times.

PRI me R 1 (see table 1). The examples take into account fish waste during rearing. In 8 pools with a volume of 1 m ^3, each water enters with a constant concentration of dissolved oxygen 16.8-1.7 mg / l with a constant flow rate of 1 m ³ / h. Water maintained at a constant temperature of 26 ± 1 ^° C Hydrochemical indicators correspond to full standard requirements for carp. Given these conditions, the maximum ichthyomass of carp, which may be located in each pool at a time, is 84 kg / m ³ , which corresponds to a landing density of 168 pcs / m ³ with an average commercial mass of fish at the end of the cultivation of 500 g. Thus, at the end of the cycle for The stocking of all 8 pools requires 1344 carp. This is the amount of planting material for carp with an average weight of 20.3 g at a planting density of 1344 pcs./m ³ and placed in the first pool.

After 51 days, the fish reaches an average weight of 62.3 g, and the total ichthyomass practically reaches the maximum permissible value (80.5 kg). Half of the fish obtained from the first pool is transplanted into the second pool. Seated fish with a planting density of 646 pcs / m ³ doubles their weight, reaching an average weight of 124.7 g, on 84 day of cultivation. The ichthyomass at the same time again reaches the maximum permissible value. We plant 50% of the fish from the first two pools to the third and fourth pools.

Planted fish grows at a planting density of 322 pcs / m ³ to an average weight of 250.1 g on the 122nd day of cultivation, while the ichthyomass again reaches the maximum permissible value. Half of the fish from each of the first four pools is planted in the four remaining pools, i.e. 161 pcs./m ³ .

The fish reaches a marketable weight of 500.4 g on the 182 day of cultivation, and the ichthyomass again reaches the maximum permissible value. We completely free the first pool from marketable fish and sell it in the amount of 80.6 kg and plant a new batch of carp planting material in the amount of 1344 pcs. / m ^{3 with an} average weight of 20.3 g. Of every seven other pools we sell half of the fish grown, which is 282.1 kg, i.e. In total, 362.7 kg of carp were sold. The first growing cycle is completed. The remaining fish in these seven basins continues to be raised at a planting density of 81 pcs / m ³ .

 After 51 days, the fish reaches an average weight of 62.3 g, and the total ichthyomass reaches the maximum permissible value (80.5 kg). We transfer half of the obtained fish from the first pool to the second pool, from where we sell commodity fish of the previous cycle in the amount of 68.8 kg.

Seated fish with a planting density of 646 pcs / m ³ double their weight, reaching an average weight of 124.7 g on the 84th day of cultivation from the beginning of the cycle. The ichthyomass at the same time again reaches the maximum permissible value. We precipitate 50% of the fish from the first two pools into the third and fourth pools, having previously released them from commercial fish of the previous cycle in the amount of 159 kg.

Planted fish grows at a planting density of 322 pcs / m ³ to an average weight of 250.1 g on day 122 of cultivation, while the ichthyomass thus again reaches the maximum allowable value. After that, half of the fish from each of the first four pools is planted in the four remaining pools, i.e. 161 pcs. / m ³ , having previously sold 368 kg of carp from the previous cycle.

 The fish reaches a marketable weight of 500.4 g on the 182 day of cultivation, and the ichthyomass again reaches the maximum permissible value. We free the first pool from commercial fish of the previous growing cycle in the amount of 80.6 kg and plant a new batch of carp planting material. Out of every seven remaining pools, we sell half of the fish grown, which is 282.1 kg, i.e. In total, 362.7 kg of carp are sold. The remaining fish continues to be grown according to the described scheme. The cycles close.

Thus, during the year (in two cycles) from 8 pools of 1 m ³ each 1917 kg of live carp are sold at a fish productivity of 239.6 kg / m ³ per year, whereas with traditional or polycyclic cultivation under similar conditions, this value is 1369, 2 kg with a fish productivity of 171.2 kg / m ³ per year, i.e., the fish productivity of the pools increased by 68.4 kg / m ^{3 of} commercial fish per year.

PRI me R 2 (see table 2). In 8 pools with a volume of 1 m ^3, each water enters with a constant concentration of dissolved oxygen 15.3 ± 1.5 mg / l with a constant flow rate of 2 m ³ / h. Water temperature is maintained at 15 ± 1 ^о С. Hydrochemical indicators fully comply with the requirements of the standards for trout. Given these conditions, the maximum ichthyomass of trout, which can be located in each pool at a time, is 83.0 kg / m ³ , which corresponds to a planting density of 277 pcs / m ³ , with an average weight of commodity trout 300 g. Thus, at the end of the cycle for the stocking of all 8 pools requires 2216 pieces of trout. This is the amount of trout planting material with an average weight of 27.5 g at a planting density of 2216 pcs./m ³ and placed in the first pool.

 After 17 days, the fish reaches an average weight of 37.5 g, and the total ichthyomass practically reaches the maximum permissible value, (80.3 kg). Half of the fish obtained from the first pool is transplanted into the second pool.

Planted fish at a planting density of 1070 pcs / m ³ doubles their weight, reaching an average weight of 75 g, on the 46th day of fish cultivation. The ichthyomass at the same time again reaches the maximum permissible value. We plant 50% of the fish from the first two pools, into the third and fourth pools.

Planted fish grows at a planting density of 516 pcs / m ³ to an average weight of 150 g on the 104th day of cultivation, while the ichthyomass thus again reaches the maximum permissible value. Half of the fish from each of the first four pools is planted in the four remaining pools, i.e. 254 pcs./m ³ .

The fish reaches a marketable weight of 300 g on 219 days of cultivation, and the ichthyomass again reaches the maximum permissible value. We completely free the first pool from marketable fish and sell it in an amount of 75 kg and plant a new batch of trout planting material in an amount of 2216 pcs / m ^{3 with an} average weight of 27.5 g. Of every seven other pools we sell half of the fish grown, which is 262.5 kg, i.e. total sold 337.5 kg of trout. The remaining fish in these seven basins continues to be raised with a landing density of 125 pcs / m ³ . The first growing cycle is completed.

 After 17 days, the fish reaches an average weight of 37.5 g, and the total ichthyomass reaches the maximum permissible value (80.5 kg). Half of the fish obtained from the first pool is transplanted into the second pool, from where we sell marketable fish of the previous cycle in the amount of 40.3 kg.

Planted fish at a planting density of 1070 pcs / m ³ doubles their weight, reaching an average weight of 75 g, on the 46th day of cultivation. The ichthyomass at the same time again reaches the maximum permissible value. We deposit 50% of the first two pools into the third and fourth pools, having previously released them from the commercial fish of the previous cycle in the amount of 89.2 kg.

Planted fish grows at a planting density of 516 pcs / m ³ to an average weight of 150 g on the 104th day of cultivation, while the ichthyomass thus again reaches the maximum permissible value. Half of the fish from each of the first four pools is planted in the four remaining pools, i.e. 254 pcs./m ³ .

The fish will reach marketable weight on day 219 of cultivation, and the ichthyomass again reaches the maximum permissible value. We completely free the first pool from marketable fish and sell it in an amount of 75 kg and plant a new batch of trout planting material in an amount of 2216 pcs / m ^{3 with an} average weight of 27.5 g. Of every seven other pools we sell half of the fish grown, which is 262.5 kg, i.e. total sold 337.5 kg of trout. The remaining fish in these seven basins continues to be raised with a landing density of 125 pcs / m ³ . The second growing cycle is completed.

 After 17 days, the fish reaches an average weight of 37.5 g, and the total ichthyomass reaches the maximum permissible value (80.5 kg). We transfer half of the obtained fish from the first pool to the second pool, from where we sell marketable fish of the previous cycle in the amount of 40.5 kg.

Planted fish at a planting density of 1070 pcs / m ³ doubles their weight, reaching an average weight of 75 g, on the 46th day of cultivation. The ichthyomass at the same time again reaches the maximum permissible value. We deposit 50% of the fish from the first two pools into the third and fourth pools, having previously released them from the commercial fish of the previous cycle in the amount of 89.2 kg.

Planted fish grows at a planting density of 516 pcs / m ³ to an average weight of 150 g on the 104th day of cultivation, while the ichthyomass thus again reaches the maximum permissible value. Half of the fish from each of the first four pools is planted in the four remaining pools, i.e. 254 pcs / m ³ , having previously sold 215.6 kg of trout from the previous cycle.

The fish reaches a marketable weight of 300 g on 219 days of cultivation, and the ichthyomass again reaches the maximum permissible value. We completely free the first pool from marketable fish and sell it in an amount of 75 kg and plant a new batch of trout planting material in an amount of 2216 pcs / m ^{3 with an} average weight of 27.5 g. Of every seven other pools we sell half of the fish grown, which is 262.5 kg, i.e. total sold 337.5 kg of trout. The remaining fish in these seven basins continues to be raised at a planting density of 125 pcs / m ³ according to the described scheme. The cycles close.

Thus, in two cycles of 8 pools with a volume of 1 m ³ each 1365.2 kg of live trout are sold at a fish productivity of 170.7 kg / m ³ , whereas with traditional or polycyclic cultivation under similar conditions, this value is 1200 kg, with a fish productivity of 150 kg / m ³ over the same period of time, i.e., the fish productivity of the basins increased by 20.7 kg / m ^{3 of} commercial fish per year.

 Compared with the polycyclic method of growing fish, it was not necessary to create a laborious monthly reproduction of own planting material or to import it monthly in small batches (for one pool), and the sale of marketable fish is carried out throughout the entire growing cycle, from 68.8 kg to 368 being sold at a time. kg of carp or from 40.3 to 337.5 kg of trout.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR CYCLIC GROWING OF COMMODITY FISH IN POOL GROUPS WITH ADJUSTABLE CONDITIONS OF HABITATION UNDER A CLOSED WATER CIRCULATION SYSTEM, providing in each cycle the stocking of one of the swimming pools of the group with planting material, its reaming in the fish pool, its growing, that, in order to maintain a uniform load on the water purification apparatus, multiple sales of products during the growing cycle and thereby increase fish productivity, grow Fish are carried out in pools of the same volume and structural design, the number of which in the group is 8, in the pools they create the same living conditions, in the first pool of each group, planting material is added in the amount necessary for stocking all the pools of this group to stock up; the maximum permissible value of ichthyomass, and when transplanting fish from the pool to the pool, half of the grown quantity is transferred in the following sequence: from the first pool to the second, from two the first one - in the third and fourth, of the first four - in the remaining four, at the same time, during the selection of marketable fish from the first pool, the fish are fully sold, and from the remaining seven - half and in all subsequent breeding cycles, a full selection of marketable fish from seven pools is carried out before stocking them with the next 50% portion of the seated fish.

Images