RU2048747C1 - Method for management of grape plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves planting the grape saplings, forming the trunk and arms of a brush with fruit formations at the end, and fixing the brush to an adjacent individual prop with free-hanging vines. Brushes are formed on a low trunk with several contrary-directed arms. Brushes are planted in a row by nests at a distance of 0.3-0.5 m between the plants. The distance between the nests is three times the pitch between the plants in the nest, i.e. 0.9-1.5 m. Props are spaced at a distance of a pitch between the plants in the nest. The arm "head" is fixed to the nearest right or left prop in the row. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture and can be used in the cultivation of grapes in all areas of viticulture.

 A known method of maintaining grape bushes (1), including planting bushes in paired rows, installing support pillars, laying the bush for the winter in a trench by fixing the bush with trellis wire on anchor hooks installed on the bottom at the end of the trench. The distance between paired rows is 1.0-1.4 m, and the row spacing is 2.5-3.0 m.

 A significant disadvantage of this management method is the high cost of planting material for laying the vineyard and materials for the organization of trellis, as well as labor for laying, covering and opening the bushes.

 Known highly productive method of maintaining a grape bush (2), providing for a compact planting of vineyards, the formation of a vertical stem and capitate or cup-shaped formation.

 A significant disadvantage of this method is the excessive cost of planting material and the inability to give plants (within the reference system) large developed forms.

 There is also a method of maintaining grape bushes (3) prototype. The method includes planting plants, forming a bush and bush sleeves with fruit formations on the top of the sleeves, installing individual supports near each bush, fixing the sleeves on the individual support of a neighboring bush with free drooping of fruit vines.

The disadvantages of this method are:
high costs of planting material for planting;
single-arm formations in this reference system have a limited ability to timely replace aging or damaged hoses, which leads to a decrease in plant productivity;
the impossibility of giving plants (within the control system) large developed forms that would increase their productivity and which are possible with rarer plantings.

 A decrease in the number of plants, i.e. increasing the nutritional area of bushes in this technology would lead to an increase in the size of plants that do not fit into the technological regimes of such cultivation methods.

 Thus, the aim of the present invention is to increase the yield of plants and reduce the cost of laying and caring for the vineyards. In addition, the method provides universalization of the reference system, i.e. the possibility of its use both in hiding and non-hiding viticulture.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of maintaining grape bushes, including planting plants, forming a bush and bush sleeves with fruit formations on the top of the sleeves, installing individual supports near each bush, fixing the sleeves on an individual support of the adjacent bush with free drooping of fruit vines, planting in a row they carry out nests, while the distance between plants in the nest is 0.3-0.5 m and between the nests in a row of three distances between plants in the nest, bushes are formed with two or more n sleeves are oppositely directed, and the supports are installed at a distance from one another, equal to the distance between the bushes in the nest.

 The drawing schematically shows the placement and formation of vine bushes in a row.

 The method is as follows.

 A vineyard is laid with row spacings of not more than 3 m. In a row, bushes 1 are planted with nests with a distance between plants in a nest of 0.3-0.5 m, and the distance between nests in a row is three distances between bushes in a nest, for example, 0.9 -1.5 m. Along the axis of the row, individual supports 2 are installed in the form of a stake 0.8-1.0 m high. The supports are installed at a distance equal to the pitch between the plants in the nest. The bush is formed on a short stub 3 with two or more tilted sleeves 4, at the end of which form fruit formations forming the "head" 5 of the sleeve. The “heads” of 5 sleeves are fixed for a growing season by a hook in the upper part of the row of individual supports 2 adjacent to the left and right, and in the resting period for the lower hooks on quiet supports and after that they cover the bush with hilling. With the onset of spring, the bush is opened and again fixed in the upper part of the support.

 The method is also applicable to non-covering vineyards.

 A vineyard with the Flower variety is laid with a row spacing of 3.0 m. Planting plants 1 in a row is carried out by nests with a distance between plants in the nest of 0.5 m. The distance between the nests is 1.5 m, i.e. three times the step between the bushes in the nest. Along the axis of the row, individual supports 2 are installed in the form of stakes 0.9 m high. The distance between the supports is equal to the step between the plants in the nest, i.e. 0.5 m. The bushes are formed on a low stub 3 with two tilted sleeves 4. Sleeves are formed at the end of the sleeves in the form of a “head” 5. When the sleeves reach 4 of sufficient length for the growing season, each of them is placed on the adjacent on the right or left in a row of individual support 2, by fixing the "head" 5 of the sleeve with the fruiting organs in the upper part of the rack with a hook. Vines and growth are left hanging freely, dry and green garter shoots do not produce. For the winter, the sleeves 4 are removed from the hooks of the supports 2 and laid on the ground, winding them by the lower hook at the base of the same support, then they cover the bushes by earthing up. In the spring, after opening, the sleeves are pulled out from under the lower hooks and again fixed in the upper part of the support 2.

 The method involves nesting planting bushes with small (30-50 cm) distances between bushes and widened between nests (equal to three distances between plants in the nest). This allows you to halve the cost of planting material for laying a vineyard, increase the size of plants within the reference system, improve the illumination of the leaf apparatus, and thereby increase plantation productivity and labor productivity.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR MANAGING GRAPE BUSHES, including planting plants, forming a bush and bush sleeves with fruit formations on the top of the sleeves, installing individual supports near each bush, fixing the sleeves on the individual support of the adjacent bush with free drooping of fruit vines, characterized in that the plants are planted in a row nests, while the distance between the plants in the nest is 0.3 0.5 m and between the nests in the row of three distances between the plants in the nest, the bushes are formed with two or more opposite directions sleeves, and supports set at a distance from one another, equal to the distance between the bushes in the nest.

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