RU2036291C1 - Method for reconstructing buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: civil engineering. SUBSTANCE: bored piles with strip-type foundation mat are installed along building perimeter out of area where compressed mass of base soil under building foundation is located. Carrying vertical monolithic supports and warm enclosing claydite-reinforced-concrete wall with additional floors on levels of existing building are erected concurrently followed by erection of building structures up to the roof level of the existing building. Roof of the existing building is disassembled and solid monolithic reinforced concrete safety plate supporting on walls of the existing building is made instead of it. Then carrying frameworks with parallel booms are mounted on heads of carrying vertical supports. Then superstructure of overlaying storeys is erected on the frameworks. Then rooms of the existing building are partially replanned by disassembling underwindow elements of external walls of the existing building as well as a part of existing partitions, and new partitions are installed instead of them. EFFECT: increased area, improved comfort. 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to construction and can be used in the reconstruction of obsolete housing stock, as well as social and some industrial buildings.

 When reconstructing existing buildings, especially low-rise residential buildings, which include five-story mass buildings made of bricks and large blocks, the task is not only to change the morally outdated apartment layout that does not meet the social and domestic needs of residents, but also to increase the area of apartments, change and improve the architectural appearance of houses, increase the range of premises included in the building (shops, garages, stroller storages, etc.). These tasks are solved by various methods.

 There is a method of converting non-residential attics into residential ones, in which farms forming a roof and resting on the longitudinal walls of buildings undergo a number of structural changes that allow freeing the attic space from braces and struts without reducing their bearing capacity (1). The described method allows to increase the useful living space of the building only within the bearing capacity of existing foundations and walls, which is adequate to the number of storeys of the building itself.

 For buildings, mainly frame construction, providing for the future expansion of areas after construction, a technical solution is known that uses a movable external wall panel connected to the floor panels and roller bearings with guides to move the panels. The building is equipped with additional fencing panels of its expanded part, and the crossbars of the building have pull-out consoles. On the lateral faces of the crossbars, guides are fixed on which the axes of the roller bearings are mounted, interacting with the upper and lower parts of the extension arms (2). This solution is possible only when the possibility of increasing its area is foreseen during the construction of the building. Therefore, during the reconstruction of a residential building, it is practically not applicable.

 There is a method of reconstruction of residential buildings by increasing the area of apartments using building elements located on the facade of the building. These building blocks in the analogue (3) are a remote staircase located in a bay window attached to the wall of the building. The horizontal section of the staircase is a polygon or circular arc inscribed in the outer section of the staircase and continued with straight lines reaching the end parts of the base, which has a width twice the modular distance between the axes of the building facade. This solution has limited application, since it is regulated by the weight of the attached staircase, which, together with the mass of the entire building, should not exceed the bearing capacity of the foundation.

 For the arrangement of balconies in constructed buildings, vertical columns are installed in front of the outer wall of the building, making up a structure that is practically independent of the building and carrying balconies at a given height. This construction, which has a foundation separate from the building, consists of two columns located at a certain distance from one another and at a slightly smaller distance from the outer wall of the building. Balconies are located between these columns to which they are attached (4).

 With the help of the described construction, only a local problem is solved, but not the problem of reconstruction of the building as a whole.

 Closest to the proposed is a method of erecting a non-load superstructure over an existing building. When implementing this method, superstructure supports are installed in the immediate vicinity of the existing building, then a special platform is assembled around the supports at ground level, and lifting equipment with cargo rods is installed at the top of the supports, by which the platform is raised above the roof level of the existing building. After raising the platform, spatial floors of the superstructure are erected by known methods, which rely only on the supports, and after all the floors of the superstructure are erected, the platform is dismantled in the reverse order (5). The described method has several significant drawbacks, the most important of which is the need to use a complex metal-intensive platform, moved by a special lifting mechanism. In addition, this method allows you to build on the building without changing its architectural image, and the installation of poles around the building in combination with the floors constructed above the building (but not on the building) is not able to improve the architectural expressiveness of the building.

 The purpose of the invention is the reconstruction of typical houses of mass development, which allows to increase the usable area and number of premises in the house, improve architectural expressiveness, expand the possibilities of redevelopment of premises, increase the comfort of living; development of technology for the reconstruction of a house without resettling residents, which eliminates the significant costs of creating a resettlement fund.

 The method is as follows.

 Bored piles with reinforced concrete tape grillage are arranged around the perimeter of the existing building outside the zone of compressible thickness of the base soil under the foundations of the existing building. Vertical supports are erected along the grillage, on which additional floors are supported at the levels of existing floors, having cantilevered protrusions in the direction of the existing building. The covering of an existing building is dismantled and a reinforced concrete safety slab is arranged in its place, capable of absorbing dynamic loads that are possible during the construction process. Bearing forms with parallel belts are installed on the heads of the bearing vertical supports, on which the superstructure of the overlying floors is installed. Window sills of an existing building are dismantled. Partial necessary redevelopment of existing apartments is carried out by dismantling part of the existing partitions and installing new ones.

 A comparative analysis of the claimed method and prototype shows that it is distinguished by the presence of a number of new operations and a new procedure for conducting known and new operations, in particular: the installation of bored piles with a grill outside the zone of compressible soil thickness of the base of the foundation around the perimeter of the building, the arrangement of vertical supports on them; the device on the supporting vertical supports of additional floors located at the floors of the existing building and having cantilevered protrusions in the direction of the existing building; disassembly of the coating of the existing building and the installation in its place of a continuous protective reinforced concrete slab resting on the walls of the existing building; installation on the ends of the bearing vertical supports of the bearing trusses with parallel belts; the erection of superstructures of overlying floors on them; redevelopment of existing apartments of the building by dismantling the window sill elements of the external walls and partially the internal partitions and the installation of new partitions. The described operations allow during the reconstruction of the building to build and build it in a complex, using the newly erected supporting structures, as well as to include the existing building in the newly reconstructed, rather than mechanical construction of new floors above the existing building without any changes to the building itself, as in the prototype.

 The proposed method allows to increase the useful area of houses, the number and quality of premises in them, improve the architectural expressiveness of the building, expand the possibilities of redevelopment of premises and increase the comfort of living. The method makes it possible to reconstruct residential buildings without resettling residents.

 In FIG. 1 shows a plan of building structures; in FIG. 2, section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 layout of the existing building (fragment); in FIG. 4 version of the redevelopment of the building (fragment); in FIG. 5 building facade after reconstruction.

 In the immediate vicinity of the existing building 1, bored piles 4 are installed along the perimeter of the building outside the zone of compressible thickness of the soil of the base 2 and its foundation 3, on top of which a tape monolithic reinforced concrete grillage 5 is arranged. Bored piles do not violate the bearing capacity of the compressible thickness of soil under the foundation of the existing building and are capable of to perceive further loads from additional structures of the superstructure 6 and the superstructure 7 of the reconstructed building.

 Bearing monolithic reinforced concrete supports 8 are erected on the grillage, which can be made in the form of pylons 9 or in the form of two-branch columns 10. Simultaneously with the erection of the supports, an external warm expanded clay-reinforced concrete wall 11 and new ceilings 12 at the level of the floors of the existing building are erected. After the building structures are brought out to the roofing level of the existing building 13, it is disassembled with the preliminary device of the waterproofing carpet 14 to protect the attic floor 15. Instead of the coating, a monolithic reinforced concrete safety plate 17 is designed along the walls of the existing building 16, designed for dynamic loads that may arise during the installation of overlying structures add-ons.

 Then, trusses 19 with parallel belts are mounted on the heads 18 of the bearing supports. Farms can be mounted from the ground using a truck crane, can be pre-installed on new structures from the edge of the building, and then moved to the design position by rolling, can be raised to the design mark in parts and here are connected into a single structure. The main condition for choosing the method of installation of farms is the maximum reduction in the weight of a single element to be lifted, and the possibilities of the construction site. The volume of the building 20, limited in height by the belts of the trusses 19, is subsequently used as a technical floor to accommodate additional engineering systems (not shown). Further on the farms, a superstructure of 6 overlying floors of the reconstructed building is carried out.

 After the completion of the main building and superstructure works, a partial redevelopment of the apartments of the existing building is carried out. When replanning apartments, the opinions and wishes of their owners are taken into account. This redevelopment consists in dismantling the window sill elements 21 of the bearing walls 22 of the existing building, part of the partitions inside the existing building and erecting new ones. As a result, the area of apartments increases, additional rooms, large kitchens, kitchens, dining rooms, halls, common family rooms, additional toilets and bathrooms appear. Residents of the existing building receive an elevator and a chute, which increases the comfort of living. In the superstructure can be designed (at the request of the customer) and apartments in two levels. The increase in the number of apartments during the reconstruction of the building is achieved by the location of additional apartments both in the superstructure of the building and in the construction along the ends of the building.

 The application of the proposed method for the reconstruction of an existing building allows you to expand the possibilities of the architectural diversity of buildings of existing typical houses of mass development. The same method is also applicable to houses of old construction according to individual projects.

 The introduction to the building structure of a safety plate 17, designed for dynamic loads arising during the installation of overlying structures, makes it possible to carry out work without resettling the residents, both for adjusting the floors and for installing two-three-level attics.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS, including the construction of supporting vertical supports near the walls of the building and the construction of superstructures of overlying floors, characterized in that bored piles with grillage are made along the perimeter of the building outside the compressible thickness of the soil of the foundation foundation of the building, on which the supporting vertical supports are then installed with simultaneous the device in the levels of the floors of the existing building of additional floors with cantilevered protrusions in the direction of the building, and the construction of the outer walls of the building, then they remove the roofing of the existing building and in its place arrange a continuous protective slab resting on the walls of the existing building, after which the trusses with parallel belts are mounted on the tops of the bearing vertical supports, on which the superstructure of the higher floors is erected and the rooms of the building are redeveloped by removing the window-sill wall elements external walls and parts of internal partitions and the installation of new partitions.

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