RU2005100520A - Способ и устройство для уменьшения содержания noх и n2o в газах - Google Patents

Способ и устройство для уменьшения содержания noх и n2o в газах Download PDF

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RU2005100520A
RU2005100520A RU2005100520/15A RU2005100520A RU2005100520A RU 2005100520 A RU2005100520 A RU 2005100520A RU 2005100520/15 A RU2005100520/15 A RU 2005100520/15A RU 2005100520 A RU2005100520 A RU 2005100520A RU 2005100520 A RU2005100520 A RU 2005100520A
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catalyst
gas
mixer
layers
iron
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RU2005100520/15A
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RU2318581C2 (ru
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Майнхард ШВЕФЕР (DE)
Майнхард Швефер
Майкл ГРОУВЗ (DE)
Майкл Гроувз
Рольф ЗИФЕРТ (DE)
Рольф Зиферт
Райнер МАУРЕР (DE)
Райнер МАУРЕР
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Уде Гмбх (De)
Уде Гмбх
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  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Claims (21)

1. Способ уменьшения содержания NOx и N2O в газах, в частности, в технологических газах и отходящих газах, предусматривающий:
а) пропускание N2O- и NOx-содержащего газа через ряд двух слоев катализаторов, содержащих один или несколько нагруженных железом цеолитов,
b) добавление восстановителя для NOx между слоями катализаторов,
с) поддержание температуры менее чем 500°С в первом слое катализатора и во втором слое катализатора,
d) поддержание газового давления по меньшей мере 2 бар в обоих слоях катализаторов,
е) выбор такой объемной скорости в первом и втором слоях катализаторов, что в первом слое катализатора происходит разложение N2O, содержащегося в газе максимально до 90% в расчете на содержание N2O на входе первого слоя катализатора и устанавливается содержание N2O более чем 200 ppm, и во втором слое катализатора происходит дальнейшее разложение N2O, содержащегося в газе по меньшей мере 30% в расчете на содержание N2O на входе второго слоя катализатора.
2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в первом и втором слое катализатора используют одинаковый катализатор.
3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что нагруженный железом цеолит или нагруженные железом цеолиты являются цеолитами типа MFI, BEA, FER, MOR, FAU и/или MEL.
4. Способ по п.3, отличающийся тем, что нагруженный железом цеолит является цеолитом типа MFI.
5. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что цеолит является Fe-ZSM-5.
6. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что способ проводят при давлении в диапазоне от 4 до 25 бар.
7. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в качестве восстановителя для NOx используют аммиак, который применяется в количестве от 1,0 до 1,2 молярных частей на одну молярную часть подлежащего разрушению NOx.
8. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что газ, содержащий NOx и N2O, пропускается через слои катализатора с объемной скоростью от 5000 до 50000 ч-1, в расчете на суммарный объем катализатора обоих слоев.
9. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что температура в первой и во второй реакционных зонах находится в диапазоне 350-450°С.
10. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что по меньшей мере в одном слое катализатора используют нагруженные железом цеолиты, которые были обработаны водяным паром.
11. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в качестве катализаторов используют по меньшей мере один слой катализатора с нагруженными железом цеолитами, в которых соотношение алюминия вне решетки к алюминию в решетке составляет по меньшей мере 0,5.
12. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что он интегрирован в процесс производства азотной кислоты.
13. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что он интегрирован в процесс эксплуатации газовой турбины.
14. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что он интегрирован в процесс эксплуатации электростанции.
15. Устройство для уменьшения содержания NOx и N2O в газах, в частности, в технологических газах и отходящих газах, включающее:
А) два расположенных друг за другом слоя катализаторов, содержащих один или несколько нагруженных железом цеолитов, через которые проходит содержащий NOx и N2O газ,
В) расположенные между слоями катализаторов устройство для введения газообразного восстановителя в поток содержащего NOx и N2O газа, включающее смеситель, через который пропускается газ после прохождения первого слоя катализатора, и включающее трубопровод для восстановителя, который входит в пространство после первого слоя катализатора перед смесителем или в смеситель, причем подлежащий очистке газ после прохождения смесителя пропускается через второй слой катализатора, причем
С) по меньшей мере один из слоев катализатора выполнен в форме полого цилиндра, через который NOx- и N2O-содержащий газ проходит радиально.
16. Устройство по п.15, отличающееся тем, что оба слоя катализатора расположены в одном резервуаре.
17. Устройство по п.15, отличающееся тем, что через оба слоя катализатора NOx- и N2O-содержащий газ проходит радиально.
18. Устройство по п.15, отличающееся тем, что два слоя катализатора, через которые радиально проходит газовый поток, расположены один над другим, или имеется комбинация расположенных друг над другом слоев катализатора с аксиальным и радиальным прохождением газа, причем посредством подходящим образом установленных поверхностей раздела между слоями катализатора прохождение газа устанавливается таким образом, что газ проходит сначала первый, а затем второй слой катализатора.
19. Устройство по п.15, отличающееся тем, что имеет два слоя катализатора с радиальным прохождением газа с различными размерами, причем наружный размер одного слоя катализатора меньше, чем внутренний размер другого слоя катализатора, и оба слоя катализатора располагаются концентрически друг к другу, и посредством подходящим образом установленных поверхностей раздела между слоями катализатора прохождение газа устанавливается таким образом, что газ проходит сначала первый, а затем второй слой катализатора.
20. Устройство по п.15, отличающееся тем, что газ после прохождения первого слоя катализатора направляется в смеситель, расположенный в центре устройства.
21. Устройство по п.15, отличающееся тем, что смеситель выполнен в виде статического смесителя или в виде динамического смесителя, предпочтительно в форме проточной трубы.
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