RU198160U1 - Friction shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to friction shock absorbers used for vehicles, mainly performing the function of absorbing devices installed between railway cars. The task is to improve power characteristics, increase energy intensity, as well as increase the stability and reliability of the friction shock absorber. Friction shock absorber (Fig. .7) contains a housing (1) with a bottom (4) and with a neck (3) formed by its walls (2), between which there is a wedge assembly (5) containing a pressure wedge (6) and expansion wedges (7), between which and the bottom (4) is located reciprocating device (8). Spacer wedges (7) are located in contact with the guiding elements (N). It is possible to immerse the pressure wedge (6) inside the neck (3) of the housing (1) by the amount of its working stroke (a) when external force is applied to the wedge assembly (5) (Q) .In the area from the ends (T) of the guide elements (N) towards the bottom (4) of the housing (1) when an external force (Q) is applied to the pressure wedge (6), said contact of the expansion wedges (7) with the guide elements ( N) supplemented by gaps (Z) between them. The length (a 'of this section is equal to the magnitude of the stroke (a). Other distinguishing features of the utility model and the relationship between them are also described.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of transport engineering and applies to friction shock absorbers used for vehicles, mainly performing the function of absorbing devices installed between railcars.

Known friction shock absorber [1, Patent RU172488, priority 03/14/2016, published July 11, 2017, Bull. No. 20], adopted as a prototype and containing a housing with a neck formed by its walls, as well as with a bottom, on which a reciprocating device is located, on which a friction unit partially protruding beyond the neck is located, having friction surfaces on its movable elements and on its guides elements. Friction surfaces of some movable elements of the friction assembly of such a shock absorber are limited in the area behind the neck of the housing.

The mentioned limitations of the friction surfaces make it possible to reduce the growth rate of the final force with maximum compression of the reciprocating device due to the fact that the work of the friction forces of some movable elements of the friction unit against its stationary elements will be reduced, and it will also allow the use of a reciprocating device of high stiffness, be it a package inserted into each other compression springs or a package of elastic components, which will increase the force of its initial tightening and the total energy intensity, while the growth of the final force will be reduced.

However, such limitations of the friction surfaces on the protruding parts in the prototype [1] apply only to the movable elements of the friction assembly, and are described only in relation to the movable plates and the pressure wedge of the classic plate friction shock absorber scheme, where such movable plates are enclosed between the guide plates and the walls of the housing, and, in addition, such restrictions on the friction surfaces can be effective only at the very end of the stroke of the pressure wedge to prevent excessive growth of the final force. For other friction shock absorber circuits, for example, in the design of which the spacer wedges of the friction assembly are in direct contact with the walls of the housing, this solution is not applicable. Moreover, for high-energy friction shock absorbers, this is not enough to ensure their stable and smooth operation, in order to achieve a decrease in the intensity of growth of effort only at the end of the working stroke.

The above-described disadvantages of the friction shock absorber of the prototype [1] reduce the stability and reliability of its operation, and also limit its applicability to high-energy devices.

Therefore, the objective of the utility model is to improve the power characteristics, increase the energy consumption, stability and reliability of the friction shock absorber by achieving a technical result - the selective reduction of the friction forces between the spacer wedges and the guiding elements of the friction shock absorber.

The problem is solved in that the friction shock absorber comprising a housing (1) with a bottom (4) and a neck (3) formed by the walls (2) of the housing (1), between which there is a wedge assembly (5) containing a pressure wedge (6 ) and expansion wedges (7), between which and the bottom (4), a reciprocating device (8) is located, while the expansion wedges (7) are located in contact with the guiding elements (N) with the possibility, when applied to the wedge assembly ( 5) external force (Q), immersion of the pressure wedge (6) inside the neck (3) of the housing (1) by the size of its working stroke (a), has distinctive features: in the section from the ends (T) of the guide elements (N) to the side the bottom (4) of the housing (1) when an external force (Q) acts on the pressure wedge (6), the mentioned contact of the expansion wedges (7) with the guiding elements (N) is supplemented by the gap zones (Z) between them, while the length (a ') this section is equal to the magnitude of the stroke (a).

This distinguishing feature allows you to:

- firstly, to improve the power characteristic and increase the energy intensity of the friction shock absorber;

- secondly, to significantly improve and stabilize the behavior of the power characteristic of the friction shock absorber much earlier than at the end of the stroke, which will ensure the smoothness of this characteristic, the stability of such a product in a wider range, not only when the friction shock absorber is applied to the wedge assembly maximum, but also minimum or average loads, which is not provided in the prototype [1].

Additional distinguishing features of the utility model reinforcing the above effects:

- said gap zones (Z) are formed using recesses (11) made in the guide elements (N);

- said gap zones (Z) are formed using recesses (11 ') made in expansion wedges (7);

- the guide elements (N) are made in the form of fixed plates (9), fully placed in the housing (1);

- the guide elements (N) are the walls (2) of the neck (3) of the housing (1);

- the guide elements (N) are made in the form of fixed plates (9), completely placed in the housing (1), while between them and the walls (2) of the neck (3) of the housing (1) are movable plates (10) partially protruding from necks (3);

- the width (S) of the recesses (11) made in the guide elements (N) is less than the width (S _N ) of the guide elements (N);

- the width (S) of the recesses (11 ') made in the expansion wedges (7) is less than the width (Sk) of the expansion wedges (7);

- the gap zones (Z) are also formed with the help of recesses (11 '), made in the spacer wedges (7);

- the gap zones (Z) are also formed using recesses (11), made in the guide elements (N).

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1-3 shows side views of a friction shock absorber according to a utility model with recesses on the guide elements and with local cuts, respectively, in its initial, intermediate and fully compressed position; in FIG. 4-6 shows side views with local cuts on a friction shock absorber according to a utility model with recesses on spacer wedges, respectively, in its initial, intermediate and fully compressed position; in FIG. 7-9 show side views with local cuts on a friction shock absorber according to a utility model with recesses on its guide elements and expansion wedges, respectively, in its initial, intermediate and fully compressed position; in FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of recesses on a guide element made in the form of a fixed plate; in FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of recesses on a spacer wedge; in FIG. 12 is a view A of FIG. 7 to the area with recesses on the spacer wedges and guide elements in the friction shock absorber in its initial position; in FIG. 13 shows a view B of FIG. 8 to the section with recesses on the spacer wedges and guide elements in the friction shock absorber in its intermediate position.

The friction shock absorber in its various design (Fig. 1-9) contains a housing 1 with a neck 3 formed by its walls 2 and a bottom 4. In the housing 1, a wedge assembly 5 partially protruding from it and formed by a pressure wedge 6 is formed from the neck 3 and spacer wedges 7. The pressure wedge 6 protrudes from the neck 3 by the size of its working stroke a, and the spacer wedges 7 - by the value of b, and a> b.

In the particular case (not shown), the spacer wedges 7 may not protrude from the neck 3, i.e., b = 0. Spacer wedges 7 movably contact with the guide elements N, which can be made in the form of fixed plates 9 (Fig. 1-6, 10). The function of these guide elements N can also perform the walls 2 of the housing 1 (Fig. 7-9).

The fixed plates 9 after the assembly of the friction shock absorber are completely immersed in the housing 1, and between them and the walls 2 of the housing 1 can be placed movable plates 10, partially protruding from the neck 3 by an amount c, with a> c> b.

Between the wedge assembly 5 and the bottom 4 of the housing 1, a back-retaining device 8 is installed, capable of being compressed under the action of an external force Q and unclenched when its action ceases, bringing the wedge assembly 5 to its original position (Figs. 1, 4, 7). Reciprocating device 8 can be performed, for example (not shown), in the form of metal compression springs or in the form of a package of polymer elastic elements.

It is known that in the prototype [1] the zone of restriction of friction surfaces made on movable plates or on a pressure wedge is activated when the wedge assembly passes a stroke equal to the protrusion of the movable plates from the neck, that is, only at the very end of the stroke of the friction shock absorber . In the friction shock absorber, according to the utility model, such a response and a positive effect on the power characteristic occurs much earlier, from the initial position and during the passage by the pressure wedge 6 of the section, the length a 'of which is determined within the limits of its working stroke a. This effect on the power characteristic is due to the provision between the spacer wedges 7 and the guide elements N of the gap zones Z (Figs. 2, 5, 8) formed by recesses 11 'on the spacer wedges 7 (Figs. 4-6, 11), or recesses 11 on guide elements N (Figs. 1-3, 10), or on said parts simultaneously (Figs. 7-9, 12, 13). This ensures the smoothness, stability of the power characteristic of the friction shock absorber almost from the very beginning of the work of the friction shock absorber under the action of an external force Q, which prevents the formation of pronounced self-oscillations, peaks and deviations of the energy intensity during compression-rebound cycles.

Another important difference between the friction shock absorber according to the utility model and the prototype [1] is the possibility of choosing the stage of its working stroke a, on which it is necessary to exert the aforementioned positive effect on the power characteristic of the friction shock absorber, which expands the range of applicability of even one and the same design to obtain different working characteristics. For example, in one case of the implementation of the recesses 11 on the guide elements N (Figs. 1-3, 10), due to the zones of gaps Z between them and the spacer wedges 7 formed on a section of length a ', a positive influence on the power characteristic will be provided, starting from the initial position of the friction shock absorber (Fig. 1) and throughout the section from the ends T of the guide elements N towards the bottom 4, the length of which within the range of a 'in this case is approximately equal to the value b of the protrusion of its spacer wedges 7 from the neck 3, less of the working stroke a, that is, until a certain intermediate position is reached (Fig. 2), after which the gap zones Z cease to exert their effective influence closer to the end of the working stroke a of the friction shock absorber (Fig. 3).

In the second case, the implementation of the recesses 11 'on the spacer wedges 7 (Figs. 4-7, 11), due to the gap zones Z between them and the guide elements N, a positive influence on the force characteristic will also be exerted, but gradually, starting from the initial position of the friction the shock absorber (Fig. 4) and throughout the section from the ends T of the guide elements N towards the bottom 4, the length a 'of which is equal to the full working stroke a of the friction shock absorber, at the end of which the pressure wedge 6 is completely immersed in the housing 1 (Fig. 6) .

In the third case, the implementation of the grooves 1G on the expansion wedges 7 and the recesses 11 on the guide elements N (Figs. 7-9, 12, 13), due to the zones of the gaps Z between the expansion wedges 7 and the guide elements N, the effectiveness of the impact on the power characteristic will be as in the second case, gradually, starting from the initial position of the friction shock absorber (Fig. 7) and along the length a 'of the section from the ends T of the guide elements N to the side of the bottom 4, equal to the value b of the protruding wedges 7 from the neck 3 to the intermediate position (Fig. 8), plus throughout the entire stroke a of the friction shock absorber, at the end of which the pressure wedge 6 is completely immersed in the housing 1 (Fig. 9). Moreover, the difference between the third case and the second case (Fig. 4-7) is the variable intensity of this effect, caused by the difference in the relative position of the recesses 11, 11 'in the initial position of the friction shock absorber (Fig. 7, 12), in the intermediate position (Fig. 8, 13) and in the final position (Fig. 9).

In any case, the key advantage of the friction shock absorber according to the utility model is the beneficial effect on its power characteristic from the ends T of the guide elements N towards the bottom 4, the length a 'of which is equal to the working stroke a of the pressure wedge 6, and this effect is ensured starting from the initial position of the friction shock absorber, since the most intense occurrence of negative self-oscillations and peaks is observed, especially often, at this stage of the friction shock absorber.

It is also important to note that the formation between the spacer wedges 7 and the guide elements N of the zones of gaps Z in the prototype [1] can lead to their mutual unstable arrangement, which in the design according to the utility model is eliminated by observing certain relations, namely, that the width S of the recesses 11 the guide elements N are smaller than their width S _N (Figs. 10, 12), and the width S of the recesses 11 'in the spacer wedges 7 is also smaller than their width Sk (Figs. 11, 13). This allows you to save on the mentioned parts of the supporting areas, preventing their displacement and distortions relative to each other.

Additionally, to increase the smoothness and stability of the friction shock absorber, solid lubricant inserts 12 made, for example, of bronze or other materials, can be installed in the guide elements N (Figs. 1-6, 10) or in the spacer wedges 7 (not shown) whose properties are able to provide the necessary coefficient of friction.

Thus, the introduction of the above distinguishing features allows you to have a significant positive impact on the behavior of the friction shock absorber, expressed in increasing the smoothness and stability of its power characteristics and eliminating self-oscillations, chaotic peaks, accompanied by a decrease in energy intensity and its variability.

Sources of information:

1. Patent RU 172488, priority 03/14/2016, published July 11, 2017, Bull. No. 20 / prototype /

Claims (10)

1. Friction shock absorber comprising a housing (1) with a bottom (4) and a neck (3) formed by the walls (2) of the housing (1), between which there is a wedge assembly (5) containing a pressure wedge (6) and spacer wedges (7), between which and the bottom (4) there is a reciprocating device (8), while the spacer wedges (7) are located in contact with the guide elements (N) with the possibility of applying external force to the wedge assembly (5) (Q), immersion of the pressure wedge (6) inside the neck (3) of the housing (1) by the value of its working stroke (a), characterized in that in the section from the ends (T) of the guide elements (N) towards the bottom (4) of the housing (1) when an external force (Q) acts on the pressure wedge (6), the mentioned contact of the expansion wedges (7) with the guide elements (N) is supplemented by the gap zones (Z) between them, while the length (a ') of this section is equal to working stroke (a). 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the said gap zones (Z) are formed using recesses (11) made in the guide elements (N). 3. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the said gap zones (Z) are formed using recesses (11 ') made in expansion wedges (7). 4. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide elements (N) are made in the form of fixed plates (9), fully placed in the housing (1). 5. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide elements (N) are the walls (2) of the neck (3) of the housing (1). 6. The shock absorber according to any one of paragraphs. 1 or 4, characterized in that the guide elements (N) are made in the form of fixed plates (9), fully placed in the housing (1), while movable plates are located between them and the walls (2) of the neck (3) of the housing (1) (10) partially protruding from the neck (3). 7. The shock absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that the width (S) of the recesses (11) made in the guide elements (N) is less than the width (S _N ) of the guide elements (N). 8. The shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that the width (S) of the recesses (11 ') made in the expansion wedges (7) is less than the width (Sk) of the expansion wedges (7). 9. The shock absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that the gap zones (Z) are also formed using recesses (11 ') made in expansion wedges (7). 10. The shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that the gap zones (Z) are also formed with recesses (11) made in the guide elements (N).

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