RU2631085C2 - Absorbing frequency apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: absorbent apparatus comprises a housing (1) with a neck (2), inner support pads (3), side walls (4) and a bottom (5). On the bottom (5) there is a preloaded return-support device (6), on top of which there is a friction unit (7). The friction unit (7) consists of a pressure cone (8), spacer wedges (9), a base plate (10), movable plates (11) and guide plates (12). The friction unit (7) forms the friction pairs: "a spacer wedge (9) - a guide plate (12)", "a guide plate (12) - a movable plate (11)" and "a movable plate (11) - the housing (1)". The housing (1) and the friction unit (7) are configured to create an additional friction pair "a spacer wedge (9) - the housing (1)", which acts during the final period of applying the load to the cone (8).

EFFECT: increasing the operation efficiency.

7 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway transport and relates to friction absorbing devices in an automatic coupler.

Known absorbing friction apparatus [1. Auth. testimonial. USSR, No. 906762, IPC B61F 16F 7/00, priority 06/06/1980, published 02/23/1982], containing a prismatic housing in which there is a pressure wedge, friction wedges located in contact with the spring supported by the support, spring set, movable friction plates and friction plate guides.

The disadvantage of this apparatus is the complexity of its assembly and instability due to the use of a spring kit, which also limits the stroke of the product, which determines its energy intensity.

More simple in design, stable and energy-intensive in work, adopted as a prototype of a utility model, absorbing a friction apparatus [2. Patent RU 2128301 C1, IPC F16F 7/08, B61G 9/02, priority 02/06/1998, published 03/27/1999].

The absorbing friction apparatus prototype comprises a housing with a neck, internal supporting platforms, side walls and a bottom, on which is located a pre-tensioned reciprocating device made in the form of a package of elastic elements. On top of such a package is a friction assembly consisting of a pressure cone, spacer wedges, a base plate, movable plates and guide plates. At the same time, friction pairs are formed by the friction unit: “spacer wedge - guide plate”; “Guide plate - movable plate” and “movable plate - housing”.

In such an absorbing friction apparatus, the energy intensity is increased by optimally selected angles between its pressure cone and friction wedges, the special material of these surfaces, certain characteristics of the reciprocating device, as well as an increased number of friction surfaces when the friction wedges rub against the body, as in the analogue [1 ], and through additional elements of the friction unit - guide and movable plates installed between the housing and the spacer wedges,

However, in practice it is known that many designs made according to the prototype [2], especially not worked out, do not meet the requirements of current standards in such parameters as the initial tightening force, the product closing force at the end of its compression stroke, which results in insufficient friction energy consumption absorbing apparatus.

To solve such problems, the following methods are used: Increase the angle between the pressure cone and the spacer wedges. This allows you to increase the force of mutual pressing of the movable and guide plates, and, accordingly, increase the magnitude of the friction forces. An increase in the friction forces entails an increase in the energy intensity of the apparatus on the one hand, but at the same time on the other hand, the spacer force on the walls of the casing also increases, which requires the use of expensive steels. This can also cause destruction of the housing or jamming of the apparatus. That is, such a technique, eliminating one drawback of the apparatus, entails the appearance of its other drawbacks.

Increase the rigidity of the reciprocating device. This allows you to increase the initial force of the apparatus, its readiness to perceive the impact at the very initial moment of exposure. A more rigid package of resiliently elastic elements of the reciprocating device is capable of absorbing a large share of the impact energy, and, accordingly, absorb it, increasing the energy intensity of the entire apparatus. However, such a technique is possible only in a small interval of the initial tightening of the apparatus, since when it is compressed, closer to the end of the stroke, the force of its closure can significantly exceed the standard limit value.

Therefore, the object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the absorbing friction apparatus by achieving the technical result of providing an initially increased frictional resistance of such an apparatus as a result of increasing the spacer force on the spacer wedges of the friction assembly and reducing its effect on the spacer plates at the end of the stroke in order to achieve the maximum possible energy consumption of the absorbing friction apparatus that meets the requirements of normative documentation for its closing force tions.

The problem is solved in that the absorbing friction apparatus, comprising a housing with a neck, internal bearing pads, side walls and a bottom, on which is located a pre-tensioned reciprocating device, on top of which is a friction assembly consisting of a pressure cone, spacer wedges, support plates, movable plates and guide plates, while friction assemblies form friction pairs: "spacer wedge - guide plate", "guide plate - movable plate" and " zhnaya plate - Corpus ", has the features: a housing and a friction unit configured to create additional friction pair" spacer wedge - Corpus ", in the final period the current application to the pressing load cone.

The implementation of the housing and the friction unit with the possibility of creating an additional pair of friction "spacer wedge - housing", will ensure the dispersion of the spacer effort from the expansion wedges at the end of the stroke, redistributing it from the moving plates to the walls of the housing directly. As a result of this, there is a decrease in the friction forces between the movable and guide plates. Therefore, the increase in effort towards the end of the compression stroke of the apparatus will slow down.

Therefore, it will be possible to use the angles between the pressure cone and the expansion wedges with high values to create a high wedging force of the absorbing friction apparatus with a predetermined rigidity at the beginning of the stroke, which is aimed at increasing the energy consumption and work efficiency of the patented product.

Additional features of the invention:

- the housing and the friction unit are configured to create an additional friction pair “expansion wedge - housing”, which is valid during the final period of application of the load cone to the pressure cone with the termination of the friction pair “expansion wedge - guide plate” during this period;

- the housing and the friction unit are configured to create an additional friction pair “spacer wedge - housing”, acting in the final period of application to the pressure cone of the load together with the action of the friction pair “spacer wedge - guide plate” during this period;

- the possibility of creating an additional pair of friction "spacer wedge-housing" is provided due to the location of the internal protrusions in the neck of the housing, in the direction of movement of the expansion wedges;

- the internal protrusions are made in the form of inserts inserted into the gap between the internal supporting platforms of the housing;

- on the surface of the guide plates in contact with the surface of the spacer wedges, near the internal supporting platforms of the housing, a selection is made;

- bevels are made on the internal supporting platforms of the body, onto which guide plates with their own bevels are installed;

The invention is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1-3 shows frontal sections of an absorbing friction apparatus in its initial position in various embodiments of some elements of its friction assembly, FIG. 5-6 are the same as in FIG. 1-3, but in the final position of the friction absorbing apparatus when a load is applied to it; in FIG. 7-9 highlighted the pairing of the elements of the friction unit of the apparatus with each other and with the elements of the housing in the layout axonometric diagram of the absorbing friction apparatus, respectively, in its initial, intermediate and final position; in FIG. 10 shows a general perspective view of the internal protrusions of the housing, made in the form of inserts.

The friction absorbing device comprises (Fig. 1-3) a housing (1) with a neck (2), internal bearing pads (3), side walls (4) and a bottom (5), on which there is a pre-clamped back-supporting device (6 ), on top of which there is a friction unit (7), consisting of a pressure cone (8), spacer wedges (9), a base plate (10), movable plates (11) and guide plates (12). In the friction unit 7, the guide plates (12) are fixed by movable plates (11) and spacer wedges (9).

Friction unit (7) formed friction pairs: "spacer wedge (9) - guide plate (12)"; “Guide plate (12) - movable plate (11)” and “movable plate (11) - housing (1)”.

The housing (1), as well as the friction assembly (7), are configured to create an additional friction pair “expansion wedge (9) - housing (1)”, acting in conjunction with the friction pair “expansion wedge (9) - guide plate (11) "In the final period (Fig. 4, 5) application to the pressure cone (8) of the load.

The possibility of creating an additional friction pair “expansion wedge (9) - housing (1)” is provided due to the location of the internal protrusions (13) in the neck (2) of the housing (1), in the direction of movement of the expansion wedges (9).

The inner protrusions (13) can be made in one piece (not shown) with the side walls (4) of the housing (1) or can be made in the form of inserts (Fig. 1-9) inserted into the gap between the internal supporting platforms (3 ) housing (1).

On the surface of the guide plates (12) in contact with the surface of the spacer wedges (9), near the inner bearing pads (3) of the housing (1), a sample (14) was made.

The angle of inclination (α1) of the contact surfaces of the friction pair “spacer wedge (9) - housing (1)” is equal to the angle of inclination (α2) of the surfaces of the friction pair “spacer wedge (9) - guide plate (12)” (Fig. 1).

Bevels (15) are made on the internal supporting platforms (3) of the housing (1), onto which guide plates (12) are installed with their own bevels (16).

Between the pressure cone (8) and the base plate (10) there is a spring (17) with the possibility of its impact on the pressure cone (8) when it is brought back to its initial position (Fig. 2).

Closer to the bottom (5) of the housing (1), the movable plates (11) are made with shanks (18).

Hooks (19) are made on the guide plates (12).

The housing (1) is made of a prismatic shape (Fig. 1-9). The return retaining device (6) (Fig. 2, 3, 5, 6) can be made either in the form of compression springs (not shown) or in the form of a pre-pressed package mounted on top of one another located on the bottom (5) (Fig. 1) through the disks (20) of the elastic elements (21) (Fig. 1, 4). The rod (23) fixed in the protrusion (22) of the bottom (5) of the body (1) is passed through this package.

The rod (23) (Fig. 1) is passed through a package of elastic elements (21), as well as through a base plate (10) located between the spacer wedges (12) and this package, and passed through the pressure cone (8), where a nut (24) is screwed onto the threaded end of the rod (23), which, through the stop of the head (25) of the rod (23), into the protrusion (22) of the bottom (5) preliminarily compresses a package of elastic components (21), and is also implemented the corresponding pairs of friction, the engagement of the guide plates (12) with spacer wedges (9) and movable plates (11), and captivity spacer wedges (9) with a press cone (8) and movable plates (11), - the walls (4) of the neck (2) of the housing (1).

Internal protrusions (13) are located in each corner (Fig. 7) of the neck (2) of the housing (1) near its side walls (4) with an inclination angle (α1) of its working surfaces (26) (Fig. 10) equal to one plane with the angle of inclination (α2) of the guide plates (12) from the side of the spacer wedges (9). Those. it turns out that the angle of inclination (α1) refers to the contact surfaces of the friction pair “expansion wedge (9) - housing (1)” and it is equal to the angle of inclination (α2) relating to the surfaces of the friction pair “expansion wedge (9) - guide plate ( 12)".

The inner bearing pads (3) of the housing (1) can be (Fig. 1) interconnected by a common support (27) for the guide plates (12) and the liners of the inner protrusions (13).

The principle of operation of the device according to the invention is based on the fact that upon application (Fig. 4-6) to the pressure cone (8) of the resulting force F from the shock load and / or from the compressive force, compression of the back-up device occurs through the friction unit (7) ( 6).

The guide plates 12 and the movable plates 11 under the action of the spacer forces N from the spacer wedges 9 are pressed against each other. In this case, the movable plates 11 abut against the side walls 4 of the neck 2 of the housing 1. As a result of the longitudinal movement of the spacer wedges 9 and the movable plates 11 over their mating surfaces, the friction unit 7 intensively absorbs impact energy or compressive force.

After moving the pressure cone 8 (Fig. 4) by a certain amount, the spacer wedges 9 go to the working surfaces 26 of the inner protrusions (13), partially remaining on the surfaces of the guide plates 12. Therefore, the action of the spacer forces N is distributed based on the interaction area of the spacer wedges 9 with guide plates 12 and inner protrusions (13).

As a result of decreasing the magnitude of the spacer forces N acting on the guide plates 12 at the end of the stroke, the frictional resistance of the apparatus itself also decreases, which makes it possible to obtain a greater frictional resistance (energy intensity) of the apparatus when using sharper angles of its wedging, and at the end of the stroke to provide its specified rigidity (closing force).

When the resulting force F is removed from the shock load and / or from the compressive force, the reciprocating retaining device (6) backtracks due to the unloading of its spring (not shown) or elastic-elastic elements 21, and, as a result of the action on the base plate 10, spacer wedges 9 and movable plates 11 are pushed out, and all elements of the apparatus occupy their original position (Fig. 1, 2).

Thus, as a result of the course of the absorbing friction apparatus, its frictional resistance changes and this change is caused not only by the characteristics of the reciprocating retaining device (6) and friction unit 7, but also by the distribution of the area of interaction of the spacer wedges 9 with the guide plates 12 and internal protrusions (13 )

An embodiment of the design (Fig. 3) may be the use of a movable plate 11 having a slope 28 on the surface facing the guide plate 12. In this case, when the apparatus is compressed (Fig. 6), the movable plate 11 is lowered into the cavity of the housing 1 , will form a gap between the wall of the housing 1 and the guide plate 12. This gap from the side of the spacer wedge 9 will be selected by the guide plate 12 under the action of the spacer force N, that is, the guide plate 12 will be displaced to the wall of the housing 1.

With the passage of a certain predetermined section of the stroke, the expansion wedge 9 overlaps the internal protrusions 13 with its friction surface. By the time of this phase of the working stroke, the guide plate 12 moves away in the direction of the wall of the housing 1 so that the expansion wedge 9 can only rely on the internal protrusions 13. the force N from the side of the spacer wedge 9 ceases to act on the guide plate 12, and as a result, part of the friction assembly 7 (friction pairs, the spacer wedge 9 - the guide plate 12; the guide plate 12 - zhnaya plate 11, movable plate 11 - the housing wall 1) is disconnected.

With this option, sampling 14 is not required on the guide plate 12.

Thus, there are two options for the friction unit. In the first case, the expansion wedge 9 toward the end of the stroke smoothly slides everything with less contact along the guide plate 12, gradually transferring the spacer force N to the inner protrusions 13, due to the selection 14 on this plate. That is, at the end of the apparatus stroke, an additional friction pair “expansion wedge 9 - housing 1” is created, which acts in conjunction with the friction pair “expansion wedge 9 - guide plate 12”.

In the second case, the expansion wedge 9 bumps onto the inner protrusions 13, after which, or at the same moment, the guide plate 12 moves to the wall of the housing 1 by reducing the thickness of the movable plate 11, due to the presence of a slope 28 on it. That is, at the end of the apparatus creates an additional pair of friction "expansion wedge 9 - housing 1", acting instead of the friction pair "expansion wedge 9 - guide plate 12".

Due to the use of internal protrusions (13) and the transfer of part of the spacer force to the side walls (4) of the neck of the body, without the participation of moving plates (11), increased frictional resistance at the beginning of the stroke is provided with adjustment of the removal force of such resistance in the required parameters at the end of the stroke , which allows to increase the energy intensity and efficiency of the absorbing friction apparatus according to the invention.

Information sources

1. Auth. testimonial. USSR, No. 906762, IPC B61F 7/00, priority 06/06/1980, published 02/23/1982.

2. Patent RU 2128301 C1, IPC F16F 7/08, B61G 9/02, priority 02.06.1998, published 03.27.1998 / prototype /.

Claims (7)

1. An absorbing friction apparatus comprising a housing (1) with a neck (2), internal bearing pads (3), side walls (4) and a bottom (5), on which there is a pre-tensioned reciprocating device (6), on top of which a friction unit (7) is located, consisting of a pressure cone (8), spacer wedges (9), a support plate (10), movable plates (11) and guide plates (12), while friction pairs are formed by the friction unit (7): "Spacer wedge (9) - guide plate (12)", "guide plate (12) - movable plate (11)" and "p movable plate (11) - housing (1) ", characterized in that the housing (1) and the friction unit (7) are configured to create an additional pair of friction" spacer wedge (9) - housing (1) ", valid in the final period applications to the pressure cone (8) of the load. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (1) and the friction assembly (7) are configured to create an additional friction pair “spacer wedge (9) - housing (1)”, which is valid during the final period of application to the pressure cone (8) loads with the termination of the friction pair “spacer wedge (9) - guide plate (12)” in this period. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (1) and the friction assembly (7) are configured to create an additional friction pair “spacer wedge (9) - housing (1)”, which is valid during the final period of application to the pressure cone (8) the load together with the action of the friction pair “spacer wedge (9) - guide plate (12)” during this period. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the possibility of creating an additional friction pair “spacer wedge (9) - housing (1)” is provided due to the location of the internal protrusions (13) in the neck (2) of the housing (1), in the direction movement of expansion wedges (9). 5. The apparatus according to p. 4, characterized in that the inner protrusions (13) are made in the form of inserts inserted into the gap between the internal supporting platforms (3) of the housing (1). 6. The apparatus according to p. 4, characterized in that on the surface of the guide plates (12) in contact with the surface of the spacer wedges (9), near the inner bearing pads (3) of the housing (1), a sample (14) is made. 7. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the bevels (15) are made on the internal supporting platforms (3) of the housing (1), onto which the guide plates (12) are installed with their own bevels (16).

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