EA030977B1 - Friction shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to vehicles, primarily to railway vehicles. The objective is improvement of operational reliability of a friction shock absorber. The shock absorber (Fig. 9) comprises a body 1 with a neck 2 formed by its walls 3 and bottom 4, a pre-pressed reciprocating bearing device 5 located on the bottom 4, a friction unit 7 located above the pre-pressed reciprocating bearing device 5 through a support bed 6 and consisting of a pressure wedge 10 that receives an external force acting on the friction shock absorber and contacts friction wedges 11 that contact the support bed and guide plates 12 that contact, in turn, movable plates 13 contacting the body walls. The friction wedges and the pressure wedge form wedge-out angles that provide generation of a normal force acting upon the body walls. The wedge-out angles (from 24 to 34°) are formed to provide the possibility of generation of a normal force having a magnitude of its horizontal component not exceeding 28% of the magnitude of the external force acting upon the pressure wedge. Contact of friction wedges with guide plates is at an angle of 1.5 to 3°, and with the support bed at an angle of 0 to 25°. The reciprocating bearing device may be made of a stack of resilient polymer elements 9 acting on the support bed at the end of the full working travel with a force not lower than 44 kN. The stack of resilient polymer elements is made in the shape of a geometric figure having a contour 28 that widens toward the body bottom. The body is provided with projections having slants that contact the slants on mating ends of the guide plates. At the places of contacts between the slants, a lubricant is provided. Inserts made of metal ceramics or of a solid lubricant are mounted on surfaces of guide plates. The pressure cone and the body walls are made with hitches at which the contact of the pressure cone with the body walls is provided.

Description

The invention relates to transport, mainly railway. The objective of the invention is to improve the reliability of the friction damper, comprising a housing (1) with a neck (2) formed by its walls (3) and a bottom (4), on which a pre-pressed return-supporting device (5) is located, on top of which through a support plate (6) a friction assembly (7) is located, consisting of a pressure wedge (10), perceiving external force acting on the friction shock absorber and in contact with the friction wedges (11) in contact with the base plate and with guide plates (12), contact in turn, with movable plates (13) in contact with the walls of the housing. Friction wedges and pressure wedge are formed by wedging angles, ensuring the occurrence of a normal force acting on the walls of the housing. The wedging angles (from 24 to 34 °) are formed with the possibility of the occurrence of a normal force, the value of the horizontal component of which is not more than 28% of the value of the external force acting on the pressure wedge. The contact of the friction wedges with the guide plates is made at an angle in the range from 1.5 to 3 °, and an ac plate is made at an angle in the range from 0 to 25 °. The reciprocating device can be made of a package of polymer elastic elements (9) acting on the base plate at the end of the full working stroke of the pressure wedge with a force of not less than 44 kN. The package of polymeric elastic elements is formed in the form of a geometric figure, the contour of which (28) expands to the bottom of the case. The housing is provided with projections with bevels in contact with bevels made on the ends of the guide plates associated with these projections. In places of contact of bevels greasing is located. On the surface of the guide plates are installed inserts of metal or solid lubricant. The pressure cone and the walls of the body are made with hooks, which ensure the contact of the pressure cone with the walls of the body.

030977 B1

The invention relates to the field of engineering and transportation and relates to components for vehicles, mainly installed between the wagons of the train.

Known friction shock absorber [1, patent RU 2128301 C1, IPC F16F 7/08, B61G 9/02, priority 06/02/1998, published 03/27/1999], containing a package of elastic-elastic elements installed on each other located on the bottom of its case, and also containing in the neck of the case a mechanism for transferring shock loads or / and compressive forces to the package of elastic-elastic elements.

The disadvantage of this device is the inconvenience and complexity of its assembly and disassembly due to the need to use additional bulky devices for pre-compression by the multi-ton force of its package of elastic-elastic elements when mounting the device and subsequent unclamping of such a package when dismantling the device, for example, to replace elastic-elastic elements.

These shortcomings are eliminated in the friction damper [2, patent RU 2338100 C1, IPC F16F 7/08, B61F 5/12, B61G 11/04, Convention priority 18.04.2006, PL-379484, published 10.11.2008]. It contains the same elements as the analogue of [1], as well as a package of elastic-elastic elements installed on each other, located on the bottom of its body, through which the tie-rod fixed in the body is passed. In the neck of the casing of such a shock absorber is placed a mechanism for transferring shock loads and / or compressive forces to the package of elastic elements. In this case, the package of elastic-elastic elements is preloaded through a part of the shock load transfer mechanism with a nut wound on the threaded part of the said rod, which makes it possible to assemble and disassemble the device easily and without special accessories.

However, such a device - analogue [2] has an insufficient time between failures.

The fact is that on the bottom of the case of the friction damper [2] there is a protrusion for the tie rod, which increases the internal diameter of the two lower elastic elements and reduces their service life under repeated cyclic loads.

This disadvantage is eliminated in the friction damper [3, Absorbing apparatus PMKP-110 (Fig. 8.18) / Electronic resource - http://1jelesnodorojnik.ru/2012-10-09-03-46-57/67-8-/250- 83-access date 10.10.2015], adopted for the prototype.

Such a prototype device [3] contains a housing with a throat formed by its walls and a bottom, on which there is a preloaded preload and a retaining device, on top of which a friction assembly is located through the base plate, consisting of an external force of the pressure wedge acting on the friction damper, which contacts with friction wedges in contact with the base plate and with guide plates in contact with movable plates in contact with the walls of the body . Frictional wedges and pressure wedge are formed by wedging angles that ensure the occurrence of a normal force consisting of a vertical component and a horizontal component acting in the direction of the housing wall when the pressure wedge moves.

The pre-loaded reciprocating device can be made in the form of a package of compression springs inserted into each other or in the form of a package of elastic elements. In the first case, the friction shock absorber prototype [3] has the worst performance, but a simpler design. In the second case, its performance is improved by eliminating the aforementioned deficiency of the analogue [2], by ensuring that two elastic-elastic elements located immediately after the bottom of the case are installed so that they form a contour extending to the bottom of the case. Those. the elastic-elastic element located on the bottom of the body, covering the protrusion in it for the rod, has a larger central opening and is made more around the perimeter than the elastic element that follows it and all the other elements from this package.

However, for the normal operation of such a package of elastic-elastic elements, their identical rigidity is required (to evenly distribute the load between the elastic-elastic elements and, as a result, reduce the probability of destruction of one of the elements), which ensures compliance with commensurate amounts of material in the elastic-elastic elements. But this is not provided in the prototype device [3]. Therefore, in the process of compressing a package, the load is distributed unevenly in its elastic-elastic elements, and they receive unequal deformation. Since the outer diameter of one of the elastic-elastic elements with an enlarged central hole with the same load will always be greater than that of the other elastic-elastic elements, this may lead to its destruction due to the fact that part of such elastic-elastic element in contact with the plate, moves beyond its envelope and works to cut on the edge of this plate. As a result, the likelihood of both ductile and brittle fracture sharply increases (especially at low negative temperatures) and, as a result, the likelihood of reduced performance and even breakdown of the device increases.

If, in order to prevent such damage, to perform an elastic-elastic element near the bottom of the body of a thermoplastic elastomer of increased hardness, then this will adversely affect the remaining elastic-elastic elements of the package, since they will receive a greater

- 1 030977 deformation (i.e., they will compress more along the axis of the friction damper and increase more along the perimeter), which under extreme conditions may also cause their destruction.

The execution of the center hole of increased diameter in the elastic-elastic element adjacent to the protrusion on the bottom of the body of the device of the prototype [3], causes plastic deformation of some support plates between adjacent elastic-elastic elements. At the same time, elastic-elastic elements with a smaller central hole tend to push through an elastic-elastic element with a large central hole.

Application in analogues [1 and 2] and in the prototype [3] of metal-ceramic lining on guide plates in contact with friction wedges, allows to increase the coefficient of mutual friction, thereby increasing the friction force and the energy intensity of the dynamically loaded friction damper. However, the use of cermets increases the cost of the apparatus, on the one hand. On the other hand, metal-ceramic linings are sensitive to shocks, especially at low temperatures, which can lead to chipping of edges and chipping of friction surfaces. In addition, to achieve such a result (high friction force and energy intensity), the mutual arrangement of the friction wedges and the pressure wedge at an angle is required, ensuring the transfer of a normal force to each of the walls of the apparatus, the value of the horizontal component of which is more than 28% of the external force acting directly on pressure wedge from the automatic coupling device of the car. Otherwise, the use of metal-ceramic loses its meaning, because the arising normal force will not be able to create friction forces that cause an increase in energy intensity to the level required by the standards. In addition, an increase in the aforementioned angles increases the risk of the apparatus jamming both during the course of compression and during the reverse course.

Therefore, the object of the invention is to achieve a technical result aimed at improving the reliability of the friction shock absorber by eliminating the jamming of the friction shock absorber during its compression course or during its reverse course.

The problem is solved by the fact that (Fig. 1-13) in a friction damper, comprising a housing 1 with a neck 2 formed by its walls 3 and the bottom 4, on which is located a pre-pressed return-supporting device 5, on top of which through the base plate 6 a friction assembly 7 consisting of an external force F of the pressure wedge 10 that is acting on the friction shock absorber and contacts the friction wedges 11 in contact with the base plate 6 and the guide plates 12 in contact in its echelon l, with movable plates 13 in contact with the walls 3 of the housing 1, while the frictional wedges 11 and the pressure wedge 10 are formed wedging angles α, ensuring the occurrence of the normal force N, consisting of the vertical component n2 and the horizontal component n1, acting in the direction of the wall 3 of the housing 1 during the movement of the pressure wedge 10, moreover, the aforementioned wedging angles α are formed with the possibility of the above-mentioned normal force N, the value of the horizontal component n1 of which is not more than 28% of the external The forces F acting on the pressure wedge have distinctive features: the pressure wedge 10 and the walls 3 of the housing 1 are made with hooks 25, 24, along which the contact of the pressure wedge 10 is provided with the walls 3 of the housing 1, in addition, the contact of the friction wedges 11 is ensured with the guides plates 12 at an angle γ from 1.5 to 3 °, and with base plate 6 - at an angle β from 0 to 25 °, and the magnitude of the aforementioned α wedging angles is from 24 to 34 °.

Such distinctive features allow you to eliminate the possibility of jamming of the friction shock absorber during its compression or during its reverse, which eliminates the need to use metal-ceramic lining with a high friction coefficient on the guide plates, as in the prototype [3], and also allows you to apply a back-supporting device high stiffness, which will increase the initial tightening force of the reciprocating-retaining device of the friction shock absorber

Additional distinguishing features:

in samples 22 of the surfaces of the friction wedges 11, inserts of solid lubricant 23 are installed;

its reciprocating device 5 is made of a package of polymeric elastic elements 9 acting on the support plate 6) at the end of the full working stroke of the pressure wedge 10 with a force of not less than 44 kN;

the package of polymeric elastic elements 9 is formed in the form of a geometric figure with a contour G. that expands towards the bottom 4 of the housing 1.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1-3 are respectively frontal views with a local section, view A from above in FIG. 1 and the profile section B-B of FIG. 2 frictional shock absorbers with a reciprocating pre-pressed with a tie rod and nut - a package of elastic elements, where the guide plates are fixed in the housing with the help of bends;

in fig. 4 and 5 are respectively a front view with a local section and a view C from above in FIG. 4 frictional shock absorbers with a pre-compressed reciprocating-retaining device with hooks of the housing and a pressure wedge without using a centering element;

- 2 030977 in FIG. 6 and 7 are respectively a frontal view with a local section and a top view D of FIG. 6 friction shock absorber pre-pressed with the help of hooks of the housing and the pressure wedge reciprocating-retaining device using the centering element;

in fig. 8 and 9 show the profile sections of the friction damper with the use of compression springs and a package of elastic-elastic elements as its reciprocating device, respectively;

in fig. 10 shows a general view of the friction damper of FIG. 9 with the scheme of the relative position of the friction unit and the reciprocating device inside it;

in fig. 11 shows the upper part of the friction damper of FIG. 9 at the moment when the external force F is applied to its pressure wedge;

in fig. 12 and 13 show the options for the location of inserts of solid lubricant (bronze) in the samples on the surfaces of the parts of the friction assembly.

Friction shock absorber (Fig. 1-13) includes a housing 1 with a neck 2 formed by its walls 3 and a bottom 4, on which is located a pre-pressed return-supporting device 5, on top of which through a supporting plate 6 there is a friction assembly 7.

The reversing device 5 can be made in the form of compression springs 8 inserted into each other (Fig. 8) or in the form of a package of elastic elements 9 (Fig. 3, 9-13) arranged one behind the other in such a way that the contour G is formed (Fig. 3, 9), extending to the bottom 4 of the housing 1. This contour G is formed by more than two resilient-elastic elements 9 of different lengths arranged one behind the other, with the possibility of placing them in any place of the reciprocating device 5 in depending on the mechanism of transfer of loads on it and depending on the Instructions for housing 1. Such an installation of the described package of elastic-elastic elements 9 will ensure compliance with their equal volume due to the gradual increase in their dimensions.

The friction assembly 7 (FIGS. 1-9, 11-13) consists of a pressure wedge 10, perceiving the external force F acting on the friction damper (FIG. 11) and in contact with the friction wedges 11 (FIGS. 2, 3, 5, 7- 9, 11-13), in contact with the base plate 6 and the guide plates 12.

The guide plates 12 are in contact, in turn, with movable plates 13 in contact with the walls 3 of the housing 1.

The friction wedges 11 and the pushing wedge 10 form wedging angles α (Fig. 11), ensuring the occurrence of the horizontal component n1 and the vertical component n2, and the normal force N acting in the direction of the wall 3 of the housing 1 when the pressing wedge 10 moves under the influence of an external force F, attached to the pressure wedge 10 friction shock absorber installed, for example, in the coupling device of the car.

Moreover, the aforementioned wedging angles α are formed with the possibility of the above-mentioned normal force N, the value of the horizontal component n1 of which is not more than 28% of the value of the external force F acting on the pressure wedge 10.

To achieve this effect, it is necessary that the friction wedges 11, the movable plates 13 and the guide plates 12 are made of heat-treated steel (shown in FIGS. 12, 13).

It is also recommended that the magnitude of the mentioned angles (FIG. 11) of wedging α be in the range from 24 to 34 °, and the contact of the friction wedges 11 with the base plate 6 and with the guide plates 12 should be made at angles β and γ, respectively, in the range respectively from 0 to 25 ° and from 1.5 to 3 °.

It is possible to arrange a friction damper (fig. 4 and 5) in the throat 2 of the reciprocating device 5 without its centering along the axis, as well as with such alignment with the help of the guide rod 14 (fig. 6, 7) fixed (not shown) in the bottom 4 of the housing 1 and passed through the base plate 6 with the location of the free end in the pressure cone 10. It is possible to use as a centering element a tie rod 15 (Fig. 1-3, 8-9, 11-13) also fixed in the bottom 4 of the housing 1 (Fig. 3, 8, 9). At the threaded end of the clamping rod 15 is screwed on the nut 16, holding the return-support device 5 in the compressed state.

To fix the position of the guide plates 12 (Fig. 3), their ends closer to the bottom 4 of the body 1 can be made with the bends 17 located in the holes 18 of the walls 3 of the body 1.

In order to improve the power characteristics, increase the durability of the friction damper (reduce wear of its friction wedges 11, guide plates 12 and moving plates 13, walls 3 of housing 1), it is useful to use the option when the position of guide plates 12 can be fixed without bends 17 (FIG. 3). The guide plates 12 in this case are performed without bends (Fig. 8-10) and are fixed in the housing 1 with the help of their shoulders 27 (Fig. 10), like elements of an engagement T-shaped hook located at their ends closer to the bottom 4 of the housing

1. This is done to increase the contact area of the movable plates 13 with the guide plates 12 by introducing a peculiar T-shaped hook in their lower part.

- 3 030977

Inside the neck 2, the body 1 can be provided (FIG. 8, 9) with projections 19 with bevels 20 that contact them with similar bevels (not indicated) made on the ends of the guide plates 12 associated with these projections. The projections 19 of the body 1 are supporting sites for guide plates 12, and on the other hand - stops, preventing the pulling of the guide plate 12 from the housing 1 during the reverse course due to the engagement with the shoulders 27.

Burt 27 abuts (Fig. 10) in the lower part of the protrusions 19 (Fig. 8-10, Fig. 8 and 9 are shown with a dashed line), cast together with the housing 1. The supporting platform 19 is made with bevels 20, in contact with similar bevels ( not shown) of the guide plates 12.

At the points of contact of the above-mentioned bevels 20, it is useful to arrange a lubricant, for example, on the basis of oils, silicones, powders, paints, other types applied by spraying, irrigation, rubbing or in another way.

Holding lubricant on the bevels 20 and the above-mentioned surfaces can be made by hardening, adhesion, or using microroughness, microscopic grooves, samples, shagreen, which depends on the consistency of the selected type of lubricant, its ability to cure, freeze and so on. The presence of such a lubricant will allow to increase the thrust force in the first time of operation of the non-rubbed parts of the friction shock absorber, to prevent the friction surfaces from seizing, welding, and breaking at the friction assembly 7 in the non-running state. The characteristic of such a device is characterized by high energy consumption in the state of delivery, after which the lubricant is abraded and removed, and high energy consumption is achieved by absorbing energy on the surfaces of the friction wedges 11, guide and movable plates 12, 13 and walls 3 of body 1 that have been used up to this point.

On the surface of the guide plates 12 can be installed insert 21 (Fig. 3, 8, 9, 11) of cermet. This is done to increase the stability of characteristics, reduce self-oscillations of the friction assembly 7 and reduce wear of its friction surfaces with an increase in the friction coefficient and, accordingly, friction force and energy absorption.

If a package of elastic-elastic elements 9 (Fig. 3, 9-3) is applied as a reciprocating device 5, it is assembled with the possibility of impacting a support plate with a force of not less than 44 kN at the end of the stroke of the pressure wedge 10 under the action of it external force F (Fig. 11). The use of such a reciprocating support device 5 of increased rigidity is aimed at compensating for the reduction of the wedging angles α. Thus, the possibility of the jamming of the friction shock absorber during the forward or reverse course of its pressure wedge 10 is excluded, and the inserts 21 made of metal ceramics (Fig. 3, 9, 11) on the surface of the guide plates 12 can be used without the danger of chipping and destruction, because angle α decreases the normal force N acting on them (Fig. 11). Therefore, the tightening force of the reciprocating device 5 is also increased in comparison with the analogues [1, 2], the prototype [3], which increases the energy intensity of the friction damper.

If guide plates 12 are used from heat-treated steel and without metal-ceramic linings, then samples 22 (Fig. 12, 13) can be made in the surfaces of the friction wedges 11 facing the guide plates 12. They can be placed inserts of solid lubricant 23, such as cast iron or bronze of a special composition. The same sampling 22 and inserts from solid lubricant 23 can be made (Fig. 12) and in movable plates 13 on surfaces facing the guide plates 12 and / or to the walls 3 of housing 1. Samples 22 and inserts from solid lubricant 23 can be made (Fig. 13) and in the guide plates 12 on the surfaces facing the friction wedges 11 and / or the movable plates 13.

Fixation of the friction assembly and the reciprocating device in the shock absorber housing can be performed without the tie rod. The walls 3 of the housing 1 are made with hooks 24 near the pressure wedge 10, which is made with its hooks 25 and is fixed by them for the hooks 24 in the housing 1 from falling out. The use of hooks 24 and 25 in the design of the friction damper in the versions of FIG. 4-7 makes the disassembly process non-destructive, fast and safe, and the position in the initial state - stable.

To increase the damping properties of the package of elastic-elastic elements 9, rigid plates 26 are installed between them (Fig. 9, 10, 12).

To increase the energy intensity of the reciprocating device of the friction unit, its package of polymeric elastic elements 9 can be formed in the form of a geometric figure, for example, a cone or pyramid, extending to the bottom of the case. FIG. 3, 9 and 10, a contour 28 of such a cone is shown.

The principle of operation of the friction shock absorber is based on the fact that when an external force F (Fig. 11) is applied to the pressure wedge 10, for example, from the side of the coupling when the cars collide, the reciprocating device 5 is compressed. At the same time, the normal force N appears, consisting of the vertical component n2 and the horizontal component n1, acting in the direction of the wall 3 of the housing 1. The horizontal component n1, acting in the direction of each wall in contact with the movable plates 13 of the wall 3 of the housing 1, is at a given y

- 4 030977 lakh α not more than 28% of the external force F acting on the pressure wedge 10. Therefore, the friction shock absorber takes up a large part of it, absorbs it and softens the impact on the cars.

At the same time due to the implementation of the package of elastic-elastic elements 9 (Fig. 3, 9-12), arranged one behind the other in such a way that they form a contour G (Fig. 3, 9), extending to the bottom 4 of the housing 1, the same the deformation of all elastic-elastic elements 9 in the package when the friction shock absorber is operated, which reduces the likelihood of both ductile and brittle fracture of the elastic-elastic elements 9, especially at low negative temperatures.

Due to the necessary selection of the values of the wedging angles α, the contact angles β and γ (Fig. 11), the friction wedges 11, respectively, with the base plate 6 and the guide plates 12, the probability of welding the friction wedges 11 to the guide plates 12 is reduced, the performance (not shown) the friction damper takes a smoother appearance with fewer peaks, which has a positive effect on its performance.

The bevels 20 on the support pads 19 (Fig. 8, 9) of the housing 1 allow the guide plates 12 under the action of the friction wedges 11 and the vertical component n2 (Fig. 11) to slide down towards the bottom 4 and towards the walls 3 of the housing 1, pressing to them the movable plates 13 in that part of the guide plates 12 where the shoulder 27 is made (Fig. 10). As a result, the pressing of the movable plates 13 against the walls 3 of the housing 1 occurs throughout their increased area, and the specific pressure per unit of this area will be reduced in comparison with analogues [1, 2] and the prototype [3], which positively affects the wear of the rubbing surfaces in the frictional shock-absorber and the durability of its work increases.

In addition, rubbing particles of solid lubricant inserts 23 (Fig. 12, 13) with multiple cycles of exposure to external force F provides a smooth change in the coefficient of friction of the rubbing surfaces of the friction damper. At the same time, its performance also becomes smooth, with smaller peaks, and the process of wear of the base material of its parts is reduced.

List of sources.

1. Patent RU 2128301 C1, IPC F16F 7/08, B61G 9/02, priority 06/02/1998, published 03/27/1999.

2. Patent RU 2338100 C1, IPC F16F 7/08, B61F 5/12, B61G 11/04, Convention priority 18.04.2006, PL-379484, published 10.11.2008.

3. Absorbing apparatus PMKP-110 (Fig. 8.18) / Electronic resource - http://1jelesnodorojnik.ru/2012-10-09-03-46-57/67-8-/250-83- Access date 10.10.2015 /prototype/.

- 5 030977

List of reference symbols and names of elements to which these symbols refer

No NAME one body 2 neck 3 housing walls 1 four bottom of housing 1 five return and support; device 6 base plate 7 friction knot eight compression spring 9 elastic element ten push wedge eleven friction wedge 12 guide plate 13 moving plate 14 guide rod 15 tie rod sixteen nut 17 bend on the guide plate 12 18 the hole in the wall 3 of the housing 1 nineteen supporting platform in the housing 1 20 bevel support 19 21 insert on the guide plate 12 22 sampling in the friction wedges 11, the guide plate 12 and the movable plate 13 23 solid lubricant insert in sample 22 24 hook on the wall 3 of the housing 1 25 hook on the wedge 10 26 rigid plates between elastic elements 9 27 collar on guide plate 12 28 contour of a geometric figure formed by elastic elements 9 BUT Top view designation of FIG. one Bb cut designation of FIG. 2 WITH Top view designation of FIG. four D Top view designation of FIG. 6 F external force G contour formed by elastic elements 9 N Normal strength n1 horizontal component of normal force N n2 vertical component of normal force N but wedging angle β contact angle of wedges 11 with base plate 6 Υ contact angle of wedges 11 with guide plates 12

Claims (4)

CLAIM 1. A friction shock absorber, comprising a housing (1) with a neck (2) formed by its walls (3) and a bottom (4), on which a pre-pressed return-supporting device (5) is located, on top of which is located the friction assembly (7), consisting of the external force (F) of the pressure wedge (10) acting on the friction shock absorber, in contact with the friction wedges (11) in contact with the base plate (6) and with the guide plates (12) which contact turn with movable plates (13), contact tearing angles (α) are formed by the friction wedges (11) and the pressure wedge (10) that eject the walls (3) of the body (1), ensuring the occurrence of the normal force (N) consisting of the vertical component (n2) and the horizontal component ( n1) acting in the direction of the wall (3) of the body (1) during the movement of the pressure wedge (10), and the said wedging angles (α) are formed with the possibility of the said normal force (N), whose horizontal component (n1) is not more than 28% of external force (F), acting on the pressure wedge, characterized in that the pressure wedge (10) and the walls (3) of the body (1) are made with hooks (25, 24), which ensure the contact of the pressure wedge (10) with the walls (3) of the body (1) besides, the contact of the friction wedges (11) is ensured with the guide plates (12) at an angle (γ) from 1.5 to 3 °, and with the support plate (6) - at an angle (β) from 0 to 25 °, the value the said wedge angles (α) are between 24 ° and 34 °. 2. Friction shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the inserts of solid lubricant (23) are installed in the samples (22) of the surfaces of the friction wedges (11). - 6 030977 3. Friction shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that its reciprocating support device (5) is made of a package of polymer elastic elements (9) acting on the support plate (6) at the end of the full stroke of the pressure wedge (10) less than 44 kN. 4. The shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that the package of polymeric elastic elements (9) is formed in the form of a geometric figure with a contour (G) expanding towards the bottom (4) of the body (1). FIG. one FIG. 2 - 7 030977 Section bb In figure 2 FIG. 3 FIG. four VIZ C of FIG. four FIG. five 12 - 8 030977 TO FIG. 6 Bib D of FIG. 6 FIG. 7 \ \ AT 12 FIG. eight - 9 030977 FIG. 9 FIG. ten - 10 030977 FIG. eleven FIG. 12 FIG. 13