RU169528U1 - ABSORBING APPARATUS - Google Patents

Abstract

A useful model of an absorbing apparatus relates to railway transport, and in particular to friction absorbing apparatus of couplers of freight cars. The goal of the task is to increase the uptime and, accordingly, the life of the absorbing apparatus (Fig. 1). In the case 2, made in the form of a glass, there are: a pressure cone 3, two friction wedges 4, two on each of the opposite sides of the movable 6 and fixed 1 plates with bronze friction inserts, a support plate 5 and a back-retaining device in the form of a polymer bag elastic elements 7, 8, 12. Friction wedges, movable and fixed friction plates, back-retaining device are compressed by means of a coupling bolt 10 and nut 11 through the pressure cone and the bonnet of the bottom of the housing, providing initial tightening of the absorbing device, by prepared for installation in an automatic coupler of a freight car. The angle between the pressure cone and the friction wedge is more than 42 °, but less than 47 °. Ceramic-metal elements on fixed plates are replaced by bronze friction inserts. Friction wedges are equipped with angle difference compensators. Between the polymer elastic elements, flat plates 9 are used without bead holes and flanges. In this case, an increase in the uptime of the absorbing apparatus and the period of its operation is achieved.

Description

The utility model relates to railway transport, namely to friction absorbing devices of automatic couplers of freight cars.

Known friction absorbing apparatus [1] containing a case in the form of a glass in which a truncated pressure cone, a pair of friction wedges with a support plate are placed symmetrically to its inner walls, a pair of movable and stationary friction plates, moreover, two are fixed on the fixed plates on both sides ceramic elements, as well as a reciprocating device in the form of a package of polymer elastic elements separated by dividing washers and tightened by a bolt through the central holes available in them. The elastic elements are separated by washers, and another washer is located between the package of polymer elastic elements and the pressure plate. Moreover, the separating washers installed between the elastic elements are made in several thicknesses and are used in a certain quantitative ratio, depending on the tolerance run of the mating parts, combining the function of the adjusting gaskets. Since the angle between the pressure cone and the friction wedges is relatively large, equal to 47 °, the friction wedges and the fixed plates with cermet elements have an increased shock load and a significant spacing force is created, which acts on the walls of the casing and on the cermet elements, increasing their wear and cracking, which reduces the reliability and energy intensity of the absorbing apparatus as a whole.

At the end of their working stroke, the polymer elastic elements in such a device, due to the relatively short base of their package, experience significant critical deformations and also significantly increase in diameter during compression. This causes the appearance of microcracks in polymer elastic elements over time and their intensive abrasion on the walls of the body of the absorbing device or on the details of its friction unit, which reduces the durability of polymer elastic elements and degrades the reliability of the absorbing device. Together, these shortcomings lead to a complete discrepancy in the operability of this absorbing apparatus, namely, failure to comply with paragraph 2.2.24 “Instructions for repair and maintenance of automatic couplers of rolling stock of railways”, item d) “Lack of swaying of parts of the apparatus, which is determined by tapping on with a hammer. ” The movable plate is pulled out of the absorbing apparatus from the hand.

The increased energy intensity is taken by an absorbing apparatus adopted as a prototype of a utility model [2]. It, like the analogue [1], contains a case in the form of a glass in which a pressure cone is placed, two friction wedges with a pressure plate, two movable and two stationary friction plates, on both sides of which two ceramic elements are also welded, and reciprocating device in the form of a package of polymer elastic elements separated by centering plates, moreover, friction wedges, movable and fixed friction plates, as well as a package of polymer elastic elements are compressed using a coupling bolt and nuts cone through the pressing and Bonk hull bottom, providing an initial tightening absorbing apparatus prepared for installation in the automatic coupler freight cars.

The disadvantage of this prototype apparatus is that the angle between the pressure cone and the friction wedges is less than 42 °. This creates an increased shock load on the reciprocating device and a significant force acting on the polymer elastic elements, increasing their wear and reducing the reliability of the absorbing apparatus, as well as the use of cermet elements, which during operation are the same as in the analogue [1], wear out and crack, which reduces the reliability of the absorbing apparatus.

In addition, the centering plates are provided with bead holes and flanges that are directed in different directions on the centering plates. This is also a disadvantage of this technical solution, because causes the appearance of microcracks in polymer elastic elements over time and their intensive abrasion, which reduces the durability, energy consumption of polymer elastic elements and degrades the reliability of the absorbing apparatus.

In this design of the apparatus, as in the first case, there is a drawback in implementing paragraph 2.2.24 d). "Instructions for the repair and maintenance of automatic couplers of rolling stock of railways." The movable plate is pulled out of the absorbing apparatus from the efforts of the hand, which is unacceptable.

The technical result, the achievement of which the creation of a utility model is aimed at, is to obtain increased energy intensity of the absorbing apparatus, increase the time of its trouble-free operation and completely eliminate the failure to comply with paragraph 2.2.24 d). “Instructions for the repair and maintenance of automatic couplers of railway rolling stock,” which will, in turn, reduce the impact on freight cars and increase their operating time before decommissioning.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the absorbing apparatus (Fig. 1), comprising a housing 2 in the form of a cup, a pressure cone 3, friction wedges 4 with compensators 14, a support plate 5, movable 6 and fixed 1 plates with friction bronze inserts 13, and also located between the base plate and the bottom of the housing 2, a back-up device in the form of a package of polymer elastic elements 7, 8, 12, moreover, friction wedges 4, movable 6 and fixed 1 plates, as well as a package of polymer elastic elements 7.8.12 are compressed using a coupling bolt 10 and nut 11 via the pressing cone 3 and Bonk hull bottom 2, providing an initial tightening absorbing apparatus prepared for installation in the automatic coupler freight cars, has the following features:

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawing (Fig. 1), which shows an absorbing apparatus in longitudinal section.

The positions in FIG. 1 denote:

1 - fixed plate;

2 - case;

3 - cone;

4 - wedge;

5 - base plate;

6 - movable plate;

7, 8, 12 - elastic polymer elements;

9 - plate;

10 - a coupling bolt;

11 - a nut of a coupling bolt;

13 - bronze inserts;

14 - compensator.

The absorbing apparatus comprises a housing 2 in the form of a glass in which a pressure cone 3 is placed symmetrically with its inner walls and is in contact with the wedges 4 resting on the base plate 5. The wedges 4 are in contact with the fixed plates 1 and the bronze friction inserts 13 fixed in case windows 2 (not shown in detail). Between the outer surfaces of the fixed plates 1 and the inner walls of the casing, movable friction plates are installed 6. Under the base plate 5 there is a return-retaining device in the form of polymer elastic elements 7, 8, 12. A package of polymer elastic elements together with the base plate 5, pressure cone 3 and the wedges 4 are pulled together by a bolt 10, brought in through a hole in the bonnet of the housing 2.

The assembly of the absorbing apparatus is carried out taking into account the required length of the package of polymer elastic elements 7, 8, 12 in a pressed state, corresponding to the initial tightening of the absorbing apparatus as part of an automatic coupler. In this case, the total length of the polymer elastic elements in the composition of the absorbing apparatus, corresponding to its initial tightening, should exceed at least 3 times its full stroke equal to 110 mm.

The resource tests of the experimental batch of the proposed design of the absorbing apparatuses confirmed their increased uptime, as well as their compliance with the indicators for class T1 absorbing apparatuses.

Information sources:

1. Patent RU 2380257 C2, B61G 9/18, priority 13.1.2007, published 01.27.2010.

2. Patent RU 149492 U1, B61G 9/02, B61G 9/18, F16F 7/08, priority 09/23/2014, published 01/10/2015.

3. "Instructions for the repair and maintenance of automatic couplers of rolling stock of railways." It was put into effect by the order of Russian Railways dated 12.28.2010 No. 2745r.

Claims (1)

An absorbing apparatus comprising a cup-shaped housing, a pressure cone with a central hole, friction wedges with a base plate, movable and fixed friction plates, and a reciprocating device located between the base plate and the bottom of the body in the form of a package of polymer elastic elements, and friction wedges , movable and fixed friction plates, as well as a package of polymer elastic elements are compressed with a tightening bolt and nut through a pressure cone and a bonnet of the bottom of the housing, providing an initial tightening for absorbing apparatus prepared for installation in freight coupler automatic coupling device, characterized in that the friction wedges are equipped with angle difference compensators and the angle between the pressure cone and the friction wedges is greater than 42 ° but less than 47 °, while the friction bronze inserts are located on the fixed plates, and the plates 9 located between the polymer blocks are made without bead holes and flanging.

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