RU145079U1 - ELASTIC DAMPER RECEIVING SHOCK LOADS AND MACHINE ABSORBING POWER ENERGY WITH ITS APPLICATION - Google Patents

Abstract

1. An elastic damper that receives shock loads made of elastic material, and at least one groove with its shelves inclined to each other is located along the perimeter of the outer surface of such a damper, characterized in that the point of closest convergence of the said shelves is continued by the formation of an elastic additional groove damper. 2. The damper according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional groove is made in the form of a line of contacting surfaces of the damper body. The damper according to claim 2, characterized in that the line of contacting surfaces of the damper body is continued by a cavity of regular or irregular shape. The damper according to claim 2, characterized in that the line of contacting surfaces of the damper body is continued by rays diverging from it. An apparatus that absorbs impact energy, comprising a housing in which a pressure unit is placed located in contact with a preloaded package of elastic dampers, characterized in that at least one elastic damper in the preloaded package of elastic dampers is made according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

Description

The utility model relates to products that perceive shock loads: dampers, absorbers, vibration dampers.

Known elastic damper, perceiving shock loads [1], which is made of polymers or elastomers and its external shape is barrel-shaped. Such a damper has an axial hole and an internal cavity in which a v-shaped radial-ring sample is made, the tapering edge of which is not rounded. The V-shaped radial-ring sample is formed by cutting after the formation of the axial hole and the external shape of the sleeve.

A V-shaped radial-ring sample of the internal cavity of a given elastic damper can be extended. This occurs as a result of the application of several cyclic pressures to its ends. Such a damper can also be equipped with at least an additional v-shaped radial-ring sample.

However, the elastic damper by analogy [1] has a relatively large height in its free state, and when it is excessively compressed, it increases significantly in diameter, which can cause an increase in the dimensions of devices in which such dampers are installed in the form of a package.

These shortcomings are eliminated in the design of the elastic damper [2], perceiving shock loads, which is taken as the first prototype of the utility model. It is made of an elastic material with an axial hole and an internal cavity, or with an axial hole without an internal cavity. Moreover, at least one V-shaped radial groove is located on the outer surface of such a damper.

However, the prototype elastic damper [2], being a part of the package of other such dampers, between the two rigid supports separating them, will have insufficient travel during its compression due to the arising restriction of the zone of increased rigidity around the tip of the V-shaped external radial groove. When the damper is deformed in the apparatus, its V-shaped shelves of the outer radial grooves will be closed, and with further continuation of the deformation of already closed these shelves, significant stresses will arise inside the damper material in the region of the tip of the said outer groove. This can, with significant cyclic repetition, cause microcracks and rupture of the damper material. And this will lead to the gradual destruction of the damper in the direction transverse to its axis, and as a result, to the failure of the apparatus in which such a damper is installed.

The dampers [1] and [2] described above can be used to form a package of elastic dampers, which is pre-inserted into an apparatus that absorbs impact energy, which is installed, for example, in an automatic coupler (Fig. 13) of a railway carriage of a railway damping system.

Known, for example, a device that absorbs impact energy [3], adopted for the second prototype of a utility model. It contains a housing in which there is a pressure unit located in contact with a preloaded package of elastic dampers, which are made of a modified material in the form of bushings with a continuous solid spherical surface.

The prototype apparatus, which absorbs impact energy [3] due to the fact that the elastic damper design of the modified material in the form of bushings with a continuous continuous spherical surface is used in its tightened pack of elastic dampers, has a working stroke insufficient for its effective application. This is due to the slight deformation of each elastic damper due to the significant resistance of the modified material in the zone of its lateral continuous spherical surface.

The objective of the utility model is to achieve technical results:

- for an elastic damper, an increase in its stroke during its compression, as well as an increase in its durability;

- for an apparatus that absorbs impact energy, an increase in its stroke.

The problem for the first device is solved in that the elastic damper, which receives shock loads, is made of elastic material, and at least one groove with its shelves inclined to each other is located along the perimeter of the outer surface of the damper, it has a distinctive feature: the place of closest approach said shelves is continued by the formation of an additional groove in the body of the elastic damper.

The introduction of such a distinctive feature is aimed at eliminating the disadvantage of the prototype [2] - zone of increased stiffness around the tip of the groove. Therefore, according to a utility model, the elastic damper will have an increased stroke, being part of a package of other such dampers, between the two rigid supports of the absorbing apparatus separating them.

In addition, with a significant cyclic repetition of loads, in the above-mentioned zone of an elastic damper according to a utility model, microcracks and rupture of its material will not occur. This will increase the durability of both the damper itself and the apparatus in which such a damper is installed.

Recommended damper designs for the main distinguishing feature:

- an additional groove made in the form of a line of contacting surfaces of the damper body;

- the line of contacting surfaces of the damper body is continued by a cavity of regular or irregular shape;

- the line of contacting surfaces of the damper body is continued by rays diverging from it.

The problem for the second device is solved in that the apparatus that absorbs impact energy, comprising a housing in which the pressure unit is located, located in contact with the preloaded package of elastic dampers, has distinctive features, at least one elastic damper in the preloaded package of elastic is made according to any of the options described above.

Since the elastic damper according to the utility model will have an increased stroke, in view of its distinguishing features described above, the apparatus that absorbs impact energy, in which at least one such elastic damper will be installed, will also have an increased working stroke and, as a result, have improved absorption capacity in case of impacts arising between the products in which it is installed, for example, in the couplings of railway cars.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1-8 depict possible options for the design of the damper; in FIG. 9-11 - the location of the elastic dampers of various designs in its initial state between the rigid supports; in FIG. 12-14 - the same as in FIG. 9-11, but with deformation of dampers; in FIG. 15, 17, 19 are examples of shock absorbing apparatuses employing the elastic dampers of FIG. 6-8; in FIG. 16, 18, 20 - the same as in FIG. 15, 17, 19, but when exposed to shock devices; in FIG. 21 shows a layout diagram of an automatic coupler device in which a shock absorbing apparatus is mounted.

The shock absorber absorbing shock loads is obtained from a blank (not shown) of a modified elastic material. In this case, special material can be used, characterized by the necessary combination of ductility indicators (relative deformation reaches 0.5) and dissipative properties, with high adaptability and the possibility of recycling elements that have exhausted their resources. An important property of such a material is a high coefficient of friction in contact with metal, so there is no need to provide a rigid connection of the polymer element with the metal lining; In addition, low sensitivity of this material to concentrators is of great importance.

Such a workpiece is subjected to molding and / or machining by cutting, to achieve the required overall dimensions and obtain the necessary structural elements of various options (Fig. 1-8) of the design of an elastic damper that perceives shock loads.

The result is a finished product - an elastic damper 1 in various versions of its execution (Fig. 1-8). It can be, for example, from a continuous modified material (Fig. 1), or with the resulting molding of the internal cavity 2 (Fig. 2, 3 and 6) of a closed type of regular (Fig. 2, 6) or irregular (Fig. 3) form or with the internal cavity 2 obtained by molding and the central hole 3 (Fig. 7), or with several such internal cavities (Fig. 4), or with the internal cavity 2 in the form of bored (Fig. 5) through the central hole 3, or obtained molding (Fig. 8) of radial V-grooves.

The outer surface of the elastic damper 1 has bevels 4, and along its perimeter there is a groove 5 (Fig. 1-8) with its shelves 6 curved (Fig. 1-7) or rectilinear (Fig. 8) contour inclined to each other. There can be more than one such grooves 5 along the perimeter of the outer surface of the elastic damper 1 (not shown), depending on its thickness. The bevels 4 can be associated with the shelves 6 of the groove 5 either through a curved contour 7 (Fig. 1 and 8), or at an angle (Fig. 2-7) with the formation of a sharp edge 8.

The place of closest convergence of the inclined shelves 6 of the groove 5 is continued by the formation of an additional groove in the body of the elastic damper 1, for example, in the form of a line 9 (Fig. 1-8) of the contacting surfaces of the body of the damper 1, as extensions of the inclined shelves 6 of the groove 5.

Line 9 of the contacting surfaces of the damper body can be extended either by cavity 10 of regular (as shown toroidal in Fig. 2-4) or irregular (not shown) shape, or by rays 11 diverging from this line 9 (Fig. 5-7).

An elastic damper 1 with an internal cavity and a central hole 3 (Fig. 5, 7, 8) is intended mainly for use in devices where the use of centering rods is provided, for example, if centering is provided for in a housing in which such a damper or damper package is installed . The elastic dampers 1 of a continuous modified material (Fig. 1) or only with an internal cavity 2 (Fig. 2, 3, 6), or with several internal cavities 2 (Fig. 4), as well as in some cases the first mentioned elastic dampers 1 (Fig. 5, 7, 8) are intended for use in devices where the aforementioned use of centering rods is not provided.

In FIG. Figures 9-11 show examples of installation of elastic dampers 1 with an internal cavity and a central hole 3 in the assembly, and with various additional grooves being made in them: in the form of line 9 (Fig. 9): in the form of line 9 with cavity 10 (Fig. 10 ); and in the form of a line 9 with diverging rays 11 from it (Fig. 11). Elastic dampers are located between the movable bearings 12 of the damper package.

In this case, the elastic dampers 1 are installed with the possibility of their deformation by the applied load F (Fig. 12-14) and the formation of solid lines 13 inside this obtained from the compression of the internal cavities 2 (Fig. 7-9), as well as the formation of sharp upward divergences the edges 8 of the inclined shelves 6 of the grooves 5 with the disappearance (Fig. 10) of the line 9 (Fig. 7) of the additional groove, the opening of the cavity 10 (Fig. 11) or deformation of the beams 11 (Fig. 12), and obtaining contact zones A (Fig. 10-12) sharp edges of 8 adjacent dampers 1.

The above-described designs of elastic dampers can be used in devices 14 that absorb shock energy (Fig. 15-17), containing a housing 15 in which a pressure unit 16 is located, which is in contact with the pack 17 of compressed elastic dampers 1, made according to the options shown in FIG. 6 and 7.

In FIG. 15 shows a sectional view of one of such devices 14. In its case 15 with a rectangular neck, a friction type pressure unit 16 is used, consisting of a pressure plate 18 directly resting on a pack of 17 preloaded elastic elements 1, the lower of which, of a large diameter, is made FIG. 8, and the rest according to FIG. 6. The structure of the pressure unit 16 also includes friction wedges 19, pressure cone 20, perceiving the shock load F (Fig. 16), movable plates 21 and fixed plates 22 provided with a wear-resistant coating 23. The package 17 is made of elastic dampers 1, arranged as shown in FIG. 6, interspersed with metal plates 24, sliding with their outer peripheral surface along special structural elements of the housing 1, for example, along the longitudinal protrusions 25, the centering plates 24 and, accordingly, the package 17 as a whole.

The power characteristics of such an apparatus 14 (Fig. 15, 16), absorbing impact energy, are selected in three main ways:

- according to the characteristics of the package 17 (the height of the elastic dampers 1, the configuration of their grooves 5 (Fig. 6) on the outer surface, the size of the metal plates 4);

- by the magnitude of the angle at the interface between the friction wedges 19 and the pressure cone 20 of the pressure unit 16, taking into account the fact that such an angle affects the redistribution of the shock load F between these friction parts of the package 17. For example, a sharper angle transfers a significant part of the perceived load on the package 17, and a more obtuse angle creates more favorable working conditions for the package 17, but loads the elements of the pressure unit 16;

- on a material with certain damping properties, from which elastic dampers 1 are made;

- by the number, type and dimensions of the selected elastic dampers 1 (Figs. 1-8), for example, as shown, the lower damper 1 of FIG. 8, and the remaining five elastic dampers are shown in FIG. 6.

By varying these indicators constructively, it is possible to obtain devices 14 with various power characteristics, which can be in demand in various sectors of the national economy.

In FIG. 17, 18, an apparatus 14 is shown with a friction assembly implemented in a housing 15 with a hexagonal neck. The package 17 therein is made of elastic dampers 1, the structure of FIG. 7, interspersed with metal plates 24, sliding their inner surface along the rod 26, centering the metal plates 24 and, accordingly, the package 17 as a whole. In this case, centering the package along the rod 26, elastic dampers 1 with a central hole 3 are used (FIG. 7), and other types of elastic dampers of FIG. 5 or 8.

In such an apparatus 14, a pressure unit 16 is also of a friction type, which consists of a pressure plate 18, which directly rests on a package 17 of elastic dampers 1, friction wedges 19, a pressure cone 20, which receives shock load F (Fig. 18). In such an apparatus 14, the main working area of the pressure unit 16 is the interface of the friction wedges 19 directly with the internal cavity of the neck of the housing 15.

In FIG. 19, 20, apparatus 14 is shown where the pressure assembly 16 is not frictional. Such a pressing unit 16 in the general case is a stepped sleeve 27 directly resting on the package 17 of elastic dampers 1 located in the housing 15. In this case, all the impact energy F (Fig. 20) falls only on the package 17. In this case, the centering of the package 17 also carried out on the rod 26.

Devices 14 (Fig. 15-20) are installed in the coupler 28 (Fig. 21) of the railway carriage 29 of the railway damping system. Such a coupling device is equipped with a wedge 30 acting on the thrust plate 31, to which the apparatus 14 is pressed in the clamp 32. The wedge 30 is fixed to the clamp 32 using the axis 33.

Apparatus 14 absorbing impact energy and elastic damper 1 in its composition are as follows.

The impact from the coupler 28 (Fig. 21) is transmitted through its wedge 30 to the thrust plate 31. As a result, the pressure unit 16 moves to the apparatus body 14. The impact energy is quenched by converting the impact energy into thermal energy in the pressure unit 16, followed by scattering into the environment, and due to the absorption of a fraction of the energy by the packet 17 (Fig. 16, 18, 20). At the end of the course, the residual excess impact is transmitted directly to the frame of the car 29 (Fig. 21).

In this case, when a shock load of force F (Fig. 10-12, 16, 18, 20) occurs, the elastic damper 1 and all the dampers 1 in the package 14, due to their high elasticity, are deformed (flattened), absorbing the energy of this load with the formation of this inside or solid lines 13 (Fig. 10-11), or decrease in height of the inner cavity 2 (Fig. 16, 18, 20). This is obtained by shrinking the internal cavities 2 (Fig. 2-8) of the elastic dampers 1. In this case, a sharp divergence upwards of the sharp edges 8 of the inclined shelves 6 of the grooves 5 (Fig. 10-12) with the disclosure (Fig. 10) of line 9 (Fig. 7) an additional groove, by opening the cavity 10 (Fig. 11) or deforming the beams 11 (Fig. 12), and obtaining contact zones A (Figs. 10-12) of the sharp edges 8 of adjacent dampers 1.

In the process of applying the shock load F to the apparatus 14 absorbing impact energy (Fig. 11, 12), in which the above-described elastic dampers 1 can be installed as part of the package 17, their internal cavities 2, as well as lines 9 (Fig. 7-9 ), cavities 10 (Fig. 8) and rays 11 (Fig. 9) are a barrier to migration (overflowing under pressure) of the material inside and outside the deformable elastic dampers 1. As a result, the residual deformation (crushing) and, accordingly, the elastic dampers are reduced 1 will have in comparison with the analogue [1] and prototype [2] less rigid performance and higher elasticity. The values of stiffness, elasticity and elasticity of the elastic dampers 1 can be pre-set when designing them with structural parameters: the diameter of the hole 3 (Fig. 5, 7, 8) or even the absence of this hole (Fig. 1); diameters, the configuration of the internal cavities 2 and the outer radial grooves 5, and the length of their extension line 9, as well as the nature of the location in the damper package.

After removing the shock load F, the elastic damper returns to its original state (Fig. 9-11). After several cyclic repetitions of the load, the groove 5 gradually changes to a certain limit and subsequently stably maintains its shape, as a result of which, after the subsequent removal of the load, the elastic damper 1 restores its shape due to its elastic properties, always returning to its original state.

Thus, the elastic damper 1 according to the utility model has the shapes and the required properties, characterized by stability characteristics, the ability to withstand overloads and fully recover when the force is removed. At the same time, an important opportunity arises for providing a large structural stroke for compression with a small increase in the diameter of the compressed elastic damper. Therefore, to increase the overall dimensions of the entire apparatus 14, in which such dampers 1 are installed as part of the package 17, is not required.

An important quality of such elastic dampers 1 is their ability to maintain stability of characteristics even when the material is abraded around the periphery, for example, if the internal dimensions of the cavity of the apparatus 14 in which the elastic dampers 1 are located are slightly smaller than their diameter.

By varying the composition of the material, the initial dimensions of the workpieces, the shape, location and number of auxiliary structural elements on the elastic damper 1, processing modes, it is possible to obtain various elastic dampers 1 having the characteristics necessary for the operation of shock absorbing devices in each case.

Such elastic dampers 1, obtained by a special manufacturing technology, have a relatively low height with respect to their diameter. In the process, due to the structural elements and special processing conditions and conditions, there is practically no “idle” when the elastic damper 1 is compressed, without providing the required resistance to the load. These elastic dampers 1 begin to show damping properties almost from the very beginning of compression and quickly return to their original state when the load is removed. Moreover, variations in the size, location and shape of the structural elements of the elastic dampers 1 allow you to program their behavior, their characteristics during compression.

Other advantages of the elastic damper 1 according to the utility model:

- an element of this design is able to absorb large loads;

- high stability characteristics;

- small radial expansion with a sufficiently large axial elastic deformation;

- radial wear practically does not impair the performance of the elastic damper 1 and the apparatus 14 in which it is installed;

- high resistance to overloads.

The introduction of elastic damper 1 will improve the efficiency of absorption of impact energy in products where this damper can be used, in particular in devices 14 (Fig. 15, 17, 19) installed in the coupler 28 (Fig. 21) of the railway carriage 29 of the railway damping system composition. Moreover, the efficiency of the apparatus and the coupler 28 can also be improved.

Information sources:

1. Patent EA 015195, IPC F16F 1/44, B61G 11/16, priority 2009.02.27, published 2011.06.30.

2. Patent US 3402924, IPC B61G 11/16, priority 1996.05.2, published 1968.09.24 / first prototype /.

3. Patent RU 2225306, IPC B61G 9/18, Convention priority 2001.02.13, published 2004.03.10 / second prototype /.

Claims (5)

1. An elastic damper that receives shock loads made of elastic material, and at least one groove with its shelves inclined to each other is located along the perimeter of the outer surface of such a damper, characterized in that the point of closest convergence of the said shelves is continued by the formation of an elastic damper additional grooves. 2. The damper according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional groove is made in the form of a line of contacting surfaces of the damper body. 3. The damper according to claim 2, characterized in that the line of contacting surfaces of the damper body is continued by a cavity of regular or irregular shape. 4. The damper according to claim 2, characterized in that the line of contacting surfaces of the damper body is continued by rays diverging from it. 5. An apparatus that absorbs impact energy, comprising a housing in which a pressure unit is placed located in contact with a preloaded package of elastic dampers, characterized in that at least one elastic damper in the preloaded package of elastic dampers is made according to any one of claims 1- four.