RU198159U1 - Friction shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to friction shock absorbers of vehicles, mainly absorbing devices installed between railcars. The task is to increase the reliability of the friction shock absorber. The friction shock absorber (Fig. 2) contains a housing (1) formed in the direction of the longitudinal axis ( O1) by the walls (2), and in the direction of the transverse plane (P1) by the bottom (3), provided with long and short sides (a, b). In the housing (1) are located contacting each other along inclined surfaces (n1, n2) to the longitudinal axis (O1) and to the transverse plane (P1) of the pressure wedge (4) and three spacer wedges (5, 5 ', 5``), between which and the bottom (3) is located reciprocating device (6). Spacer wedges (5, 5 ', 5``) are located in contact with the walls (2) of the housing (1) and are placed in the landing beds (7, 7', 7 '') formed by these walls (2), and the said inclined surfaces (n1, n2) with respect to the said longitudinal axis (O1) and the transverse plane (P1) are located at acute angles (α1, α2 and β1, β2). One of the angles (α2) between the longitudinal axis (O1) and the inclined the surfaces (n2) of two adjacent spacer wedges (5, 5``) are larger than the angle (β2) between their inclined surfaces (n2) and the transverse plane (P1). Other distinguishing features of the utility model and the relationship between them are also described.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to friction shock absorbers of vehicles, mainly absorbing devices, installed between railcars.

Known friction shock absorber [1, Patent RU 2225306, priority 13.02.2001, published 12.11.2002], adopted as a prototype and containing a housing in which are placed a force-absorbing wedge, friction elements, a spring stop adjacent to the friction elements, and a package of elastomeric pillows mounted between the bottom of the housing and the emphasis. Friction elements are made in the form of a set of circumferential friction shoes, each of which has an inclined inner surface in contact with the inclined inner surface of the wedge, and the inclined inner surface of each of the three friction shoes and the inner surface of the wedge in contact with them are angled relative to the main axis about 35 ± 3 °.

The implementation scheme of the friction unit, given the small angle of inclination of the inner surface of the friction shoe and the inner surface of the wedge relative to the main axis of the housing, allows for a high spacing force, and, therefore, high energy consumption due to the work of friction forces under the action of an external force.

However, such a high spacer force negatively affects the reliability of the friction shock absorber in that there can be mutual seizure of the inner surface of the friction shoe with the walls of the housing, and when the external force is removed, the package of elastomeric pillows is unable to push the wedge and friction shoes to their original position. In addition, for all three friction shoes equipped with inclined internal surfaces, their inclination to the main axis is the same and small, that is, the angle of this inclination is excessively sharp. The contact surfaces of the wedge with the shoes at such an acute angle of inclination can also be mutually seized, and significantly limit the possibility of their return to their original position with a package of elastomeric pillows.

The above disadvantages of the friction shock absorber of the prototype [1] reduce the stability and reliability of its operation.

Therefore, the objective of the utility model is to achieve a technical result aimed at improving the reliability of the friction shock absorber.

The problem is solved in that the friction shock absorber comprising a housing (1) formed in the direction of the longitudinal axis (O1) by the walls (2), and in the direction of the transverse plane (P1) by the bottom (3), equipped with long and short sides (a, b ), while in the housing (1) are located contacting each other along inclined surfaces (n1, n2) to the longitudinal axis (O1) and to the transverse plane (P1) of the pressure wedge (4) and three expansion wedges (5, 5 ', 5 ''), between which and the bottom (3) there is a reciprocating device (6), with spacer wedges (5, 5 ', 5' ') located in contact with the walls (2) of the housing (1) and placed in the landing beds (7, 7 ', 7``) formed by these walls (2), and said inclined surfaces (n1, n2) with respect to said longitudinal axis (O1) and to the transverse plane (P1) are located at acute angles (α1, α2 and β1, β2) has a distinctive feature: one of the angles (α2) between the longitudinal axis (O1) and the inclined surfaces (n2) of two adjacent spacer wedges The holes (5, 5``) are larger than the angle (β2) between their inclined surfaces (n2) and the transverse plane (P1).

Such a distinguishing feature makes it possible to increase the reliability of the friction shock absorber due to the pushing of the pressure wedge by the third expansion wedge towards a pair of other expansion wedges due to a different and preferably smaller angle between its inclined surfaces and the longitudinal axis than between the longitudinal axis and the inclined surfaces of the pair of other expansion wedges. Such a difference in the geometric shape of the pair of expansion wedges and the third expansion wedge, as well as their mutual arrangement and interaction with the pressure wedge, provides wedging and repulsion of the pressure wedge upon the termination of the external force from the expansion wedges, thereby facilitating their joint recovery.

Additional features of the utility model:

said angle (α2) between the longitudinal axis (O1) and the inclined surfaces (n2) of two adjacent spacer wedges (5, 5``) is larger than the angle (α1) between the longitudinal axis (O1) and the inclined surface (n2) of the third expansion wedge (five');

the angle (α1, α2) between the inclined surfaces (n2) of the spacer wedges (5, 5 ', 5' ') and the longitudinal axis (O1) does not exceed 65 degrees;

formed by the walls (2) of the housing (1) the landing beds (7, 7 ', 7``) and the spacer wedges (5, 5', 5 '') are made in such a way that in two adjacent landing beds (7, 7 '' ) it is possible to place a pair of expansion wedges (5, 5 '') so that their placement in the landing bed (7 '), where the third expansion wedge (5') is located, is not possible, while the third expansion wedge (5 '), placed in its landing bed (7 '), made with the impossibility of its placement in the landing beds (7, 7``), in which the mentioned neighboring expansion wedges (5, 5' ') are placed;

the angle (α2) between the longitudinal axis (O1) and the inclined surfaces (n2) of two adjacent spacer wedges (5, 5``) is made equal to the angle (α1) between the longitudinal axis (O1) and the inclined surfaces (n2) of the third expansion wedge (5 ');

spacer wedges (5, 5 ', 5``) are arranged in such a way that one adjacent spacer wedges (5, 5' ') face their inclined surfaces (n2) to the long sides (a) of the bottom (3), and the spacer wedge ( 5 ') faces with its inclined surface (n2) to the short sides (b) of the bottom (3);

a pressure wedge (4) is placed in the housing (1) with a partial protrusion from it by a value (x) of at least 80 millimeters;

the contact of the expansion wedges (5, 5 ', 5``) with the walls (2) of the housing (1) is supplemented by the inserts (8) placed between them.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1 shows a front view of a friction damper according to a utility model; in FIG. 2 shows a section AA in FIG. 1 to the friction shock absorber according to the utility model in the initial position; in FIG. 3 shows a section AA in FIG. 1 per frictional shock absorber according to a utility model in a fully compressed position.

The friction shock absorber (Fig. 1-3) contains a housing 1 formed in the direction of the longitudinal axis O1 by the walls 2, and in the direction of the transverse plane P1 by the bottom 3, provided with long and short sides a, b. In the housing 1 are located contacting each other along inclined surfaces n1, n2 to the longitudinal axis O1 and to the transverse plane P1 of the pressure wedge 4 and three spacer wedges 5, 5 ', 5' ', between which and the bottom 3 there is a back-retaining device 6, able to contract under the action of an external force F (Fig. 3). Spacer wedges 5, 5 ', 5' 'are in contact with the walls 2 of the housing 1 and are placed in the landing beds 7, 7', 7 '' formed by these walls 2, and inserts 8 can be installed between them (Fig. 2, 3), designed to provide the necessary coefficient of friction, to protect the walls 2 of the housing 1 from wear or for another purpose. The angle α2 between the longitudinal axis O1 and the inclined surfaces n2 of two adjacent spacer wedges 5, 5 '' is larger than the angle β2 between the inclined surfaces n2 of these spacer wedges 5, 5 '' and the transverse plane P1. This ratio of the angles α2 and β2 eliminates the disadvantages of the prototype [1], where too sharp an angle between the inclined inner surface of each of the three friction shoes and the main axis makes it difficult to bring the wedge and shoes to their original position. It should be noted that in order to maintain the possibility of providing a high energy intensity in the friction shock absorber, the angle α2 should not exceed 65 degrees. Otherwise, the pressing of the expansion wedges 5, 5 '' to the walls 2 of the housing 1 will be too weak, and the work of the friction forces between them will be insufficient.

It is desirable to arrange the 5, 5 ', 5' 'spacing wedges in the housing 1 so that two of them (5, 5' ') are facing with their inclined surfaces n2 to the long sides of the bottom 3, and the third spacing wedge 5' is facing its inclined surface n2 to the short sides b of the bottom 3 (Fig. 1). This will make it possible to install the friction shock absorber in the coupler (not shown) in any of two possible positions, resting it on one of two identical walls 2 along the long sides and the bottom 3, without fear that the functioning of the friction shock absorber will vary. That is, two adjacent spacer wedges 5, 5 '' forming a pair should be placed with their inclined surfaces n2 facing the long sides and the bottoms 3.

The third expansion wedge 5 'can be made in two ways. In the first case, it is necessary that the angle α1 between its inclined surface n2 (Fig. 2) and the longitudinal axis O1 be smaller than the angle α2 between the longitudinal axis O1 and the inclined surfaces n2 of a pair of spacer wedges 5, 5 '', i.e., a sharper angle α1, in comparison with the angles α2, prevents the expansion wedges 5, 5 ', 5' 'from seizing with the pressure wedge 4, and also provides uniform and uniform pressing of the pressure wedge 4 to each of the pair of expansion wedges 5, 5' ', preventing “swaying” »One of them in the initial position of the friction shock absorber and the exclusion of energy intensity dips in its power characteristic. In the second option, and as a rule in justified cases, when the friction shock absorber shows already good and stable results of its work, the angles α1 and α2 can be performed the same, observing in this case the ratios α1> β1 and α2> β2, with α1 and α2 no more than 65 degrees.

The advantage of the second option is the ability to unify the spacer wedges 5, 5 'and 5' 'with the possibility of their manufacture completely identical. In the first case, a pair of spacer wedges 5, 5 '' differs in shape from the third spacer wedge 5 ', and when assembling the friction shock absorber, protection against possible improper placement in the housing 1 should be provided. For this, the contours of the landing beds 7, 7' ' (Fig. 2) for a pair of spacer wedges 5, 5 '' are different from the contour of the landing bed 7 'for the third spacer wedge 5' so that the placement of any of the pair of spacer wedges 5, 5 '' in the landing bed T is impossible, as placement of the third spacer wedge 5 'in the landing boxes 7, 7' '.

It should be noted that the application of the first option is especially useful when the angle α2 is larger than the angle β2 slightly, and in the second version, when the angle α2 is much larger than the angle β2, the angles α1 and α2 can be equal.

The mentioned distinctive features of the friction shock absorber according to the utility model are mainly applicable for high energy-intensive devices characterized by a large stroke. The working stroke of the friction shock absorber is provided by placing a pressure wedge 4 in the housing 1 so that part of it protrudes from the housing 1 by an amount x, the value of which is at least 80 millimeters.

Thus, the introduction of the above distinguishing features, allows you to provide a significant increase in the reliability of the friction shock absorber.

Sources of information:

1. Patent RU 2225306, Convention priority 13.02.2001 US 09/782114, published 10.03.2004, Bull. No. 7 / prototype /

Appendix to patent application for utility model “Friction shock absorber”

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reference designations and names of elements to which these designations relate

Claims (8)

1. Friction shock absorber comprising a housing (1) formed in the direction of the longitudinal axis (O1) by the walls (2), and in the direction of the transverse plane (P1) by a bottom (3) provided with long and short sides (a, b), while in the housing (1) are located contacting each other along inclined surfaces (n1, n2) to the longitudinal axis (O1) and to the transverse plane (P1) of the pressure wedge (4) and three expansion wedges (5, 5 ', 5``), between which and the bottom (3) there is a reciprocating device (6), and the spacer wedges (5, 5 ', 5``) are located in contact with the walls (2) of the housing (1) and are placed in the landing beds (7, 7 ', 7' ') formed by these walls (2), and said inclined surfaces (n1, n2) with respect to said longitudinal axis (O1) and to the transverse plane (P1) are located at acute angles (α1, α2 and β1, β2), characterized in that one of the angles (α2) between the longitudinal axis (O1) and the inclined surfaces (n2) of two adjacent spacer wedges (5, 5``) is larger than the angle (β2) between their inclined surfaces (n2) and the transverse plane (P1). 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the said angle (α2) between the longitudinal axis (O1) and the inclined surfaces (n2) of two adjacent spacer wedges (5, 5``) is greater than the angle (α1) between the longitudinal axis (O1) and the inclined surface (n2) of the third spacer wedge (5 '). 3. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle (α1, α2) between the inclined surfaces (n2) of the spacer wedges (5, 5 ', 5' ') and the longitudinal axis (O1) does not exceed 65 degrees. 4. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the landing beds (7, 7 ', 7``) and the expansion wedges (5, 5', 5 '') formed by the walls (2) of the housing (1) are made in this way that in two adjacent landing beds (7, 7``) it is possible to place a pair of expansion wedges (5, 5 '') so that their placement in the landing bed (7 '), where the third expansion wedge (5') is placed, is impossible while the third expansion wedge (5 '), placed in its landing bed (7'), is made impossible to place in the landing beds (7, 7 ''), in which the mentioned neighboring expansion wedges (5, 5 '' are placed ) 5. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle (α2) between the longitudinal axis (O1) and the inclined surfaces (n2) of two adjacent spacer wedges (5, 5``) is made equal to the angle (α1) between the longitudinal axis (O1 ) and the inclined surfaces (n2) of the third spacer wedge (5 '). 6. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacer wedges (5, 5 ', 5``) are arranged in such a way that one adjacent spacer wedges (5, 5' ') faces its long sides (n2) to the long sides (a) the bottoms (3), and the expansion wedge (5 ') faces its tilted surface (n2) to the short sides (b) of the bottom (3). 7. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure wedge (4) is placed in the housing (1) with a partial protrusion from it by a value (x) of at least 80 millimeters. 8. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact of the spacer wedges (5, 5 ', 5' ') with the walls (2) of the housing (1) is supplemented by inserts (8) placed between them.

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