RU2751887C2 - Frictional shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering.

SUBSTANCE: friction shock absorber comprises a body (1) with a bottom (4) and a neck (3) formed by the walls (2) thereof. A wedge assembly (5) containing a pressure wedge (6) and spacer wedges (7) is located between the walls (2). A return and retaining apparatus (8) is located between the wedge assembly (5) and the bottom (4). The spacer wedges (7) are located in contact with the guiding elements (N). In the area from the ends (T) of the guiding elements (N) towards the bottom (4) of the body (1) at application of an external force to the pressure wedge (6), the contact of the spacer wedges (7) with the guiding elements (N) is supplemented with clearance areas (Z) between them. The length (a') of this section is equal to the size of the working stroke (a).

EFFECT: improved power characteristics, increased energy consumption and increased stability and reliability of the frictional shock absorber are achieved.

10 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering and concerns friction shock absorbers used for vehicles, mainly performing the function of draft gears installed between the cars of the train.

Known friction shock absorber [1, Patent RU172488, priority 03/14/2016, published 07/11/2017, Bul. No. 20], taken as a prototype and containing a body with a neck formed by its walls, as well as a bottom, on which a back-and-forth device is located, on which a friction unit partially protruding beyond the neck is located, having friction surfaces on its movable elements and on its guides elements. The friction surfaces of some of the movable elements of the friction assembly of such a shock absorber are limited in the area behind the neck of the housing.

The aforementioned limitations of the friction surfaces make it possible to reduce the intensity of the growth of the final force at maximum compression of the reciprocating and supporting device due to the fact that the work of the friction forces of some moving elements of the friction unit against its stationary elements will decrease, and will also allow the use of a reciprocating support device of high rigidity, whether it is a package compression springs inserted into each other or a package of elastic-elastic elements, which will increase the force of its initial tightening and the total energy intensity, while the growth of the final force will be reduced.

However, such restrictions on the friction surfaces on the protruding parts in the prototype [1] concern only the movable elements of the friction unit, and are described only in relation to the movable plates and the pressure wedge of the classical scheme of plate friction shock absorbers, where such movable plates are enclosed between the guide plates and the walls of the body, and, in addition, such friction surface restrictions can only be effective at the very end of the working stroke of the pressing wedge to prevent an excessive increase in the final force. For other schemes of friction shock absorbers, for example, in the design of which the spacer wedges of the friction unit contact directly with the walls of the housing, this solution is not applicable. In addition, for high-energy friction shock absorbers, this is not enough to ensure their stable and smooth operation, in order to achieve a decrease in the intensity of the increase in force only at the end of the working stroke.

The above-described disadvantages of the friction shock absorber according to the prototype [1] reduce the stability and reliability of its operation, and also limit its applicability for high-energy devices.

Therefore, the objective of the invention is to improve the power characteristics, increase the energy intensity, stability and reliability of the friction shock absorber due to the achievement of the technical result - a selective reduction in the work of friction forces between the spacer wedges and the guiding elements of the friction shock absorber.

The problem is solved by the fact that a friction shock absorber containing a housing (1) with a bottom (4) and with a neck (3) formed by the walls (2) of the housing (1), between which there is a wedge assembly (5) containing a pressure wedge (6 ) and spacer wedges (7), between which and the bottom (4) there is a back-and-forth device (8), while the spacer wedges (7) are located in contact with the guide elements (N) with the possibility, when applied to the wedge assembly ( 5) external force (Q), immersion of the pressure wedge (6) inside the neck (3) of the body (1) by the amount of its working stroke (a), has distinctive features: in the area from the ends (T) of the guide elements (N) to the side the bottom (4) of the body (1) when an external force (Q) acts on the pressure wedge (6), the mentioned contact of the spacer wedges (7) with the guide elements (N) is supplemented with zones of gaps (Z) between them, while the length (a ') this section is equal to the size of the working stroke (a).

This distinctive feature allows:

- firstly, to improve the power performance and increase the energy intensity of the friction shock absorber;

- secondly, significantly improve and stabilize the behavior of the power characteristic of the friction shock absorber much earlier than at the end of the working stroke, which will ensure the smoothness of this characteristic, the stability of the operation of such a product in a wider range, not only when the maximum friction shock absorber is applied to the wedge assembly, but also minimum or average values of loads, which is not provided in the prototype [1].

Additional distinctive features of the invention, enhancing the above-mentioned effects:

- the mentioned zones of the gaps (Z) are formed by means of recesses (11) made in the guiding elements (N);

- the said zones of the gaps (Z) are formed by means of recesses (11 ') made in the spacer wedges (7);

- the guiding elements (N) are made in the form of fixed plates (9), completely placed in the body (1);

- the guiding elements (N) are the walls (2) of the neck (3) of the body (1);

- the guiding elements (N) are made in the form of fixed plates (9), completely placed in the body (1), while between them and the walls (2) of the neck (3) of the body (1) there are movable plates (10), partially protruding from necks (3);

- the width (S) of the recesses (11) made in the guiding elements (N) is less than the width (S _N ) of the guiding elements (N);

- the width (S) of the recesses (11 ') made in the spacer wedges (7) is less than the width (Sk) of the spacer wedges (7);

- the zones of the gaps (Z) are also formed with the help of recesses (11 '), made in the spacer wedges (7);

- the zones of the gaps (Z) are also formed with the help of recesses (11), made in the guiding elements (N).

The essence of the invention is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1-3 are side views of a friction shock absorber according to the invention with recesses in the guide members and with localized sections, respectively, in its initial, intermediate and fully compressed position; in fig. 4-6 are partial sectional side views of a friction shock absorber according to the invention with recesses on the spacer wedges, respectively, in its initial, intermediate and fully compressed position; in fig. 7-9 are partial sectional side views of a friction shock absorber according to the invention with recesses in its guides and spacer wedges, respectively, in its initial, intermediate and fully compressed position; in fig. 10 shows an embodiment of the recesses on a guide element made in the form of a fixed plate; in fig. 11 shows an embodiment of the recesses on the spacer wedge; in fig. 12 shows view A of FIG. 7 to a section with recesses on the spacer wedges and guide elements in the friction shock absorber in its initial position; in fig. 13 shows a view B of FIG. 8 to the area with recesses on the spacer wedges and guide elements in the friction shock absorber in its intermediate position.

A friction shock absorber in its various designs (Figs. 1-9) contains a housing 1 with a neck 3 formed by its walls 2 and a bottom 4. In the housing 1, from the neck 3 side, a wedge assembly 5 partially protruding from it is located, formed by a pressure wedge 6 and spacer wedges 7. The pressure wedge 6 protrudes from the throat 3 by the amount of its working stroke a , and the spacer wedges 7 - by the value b, and a> b.

In a particular case (not shown), the spacer wedges 7 may not protrude from the neck 3, that is, b = 0. The spacer wedges 7 are movably in contact with the guide elements N, which can be made in the form of fixed plates 9 (Figs. 1-6, 10). The function of these guide elements N can also be performed by the walls 2 of the housing 1 (Figs. 7-9).

The fixed plates 9, after assembling the friction shock absorber, are completely immersed in the housing 1, and between them and the walls 2 of the housing 1, movable plates 10 can be placed, partially protruding from the neck 3 by an amount c, and a> c> b.

Between the wedge assembly 5 and the bottom 4 of the body 1, a back-and-forth device 8 is installed, capable of being compressed under the action of an external force Q and expanding when its action stops, bringing the wedge assembly 5 to its original position (Figs. 1, 4, 7). The return-supporting device 8 can be made, for example (not shown), in the form of metal compression springs or in the form of a package of polymeric elastic-elastic elements.

It is known that in the prototype [1] the zones of limitation of friction surfaces, made on movable plates or on a pressure wedge, are included in action when the wedge assembly passes the working stroke equal to the amount of protrusion of the movable plates from the throat, that is, only at the very end of the working stroke of the friction shock absorber ... In the friction shock absorber according to the invention, such an actuation and a positive effect on the power characteristic occurs much earlier, from the initial position and during the passage of the pushing wedge 6 of the section, the length a 'of which is determined within the magnitude of its working stroke a . This influence on the power characteristic is due to the provision between the spacer wedges 7 and the guide elements N zones of the gaps Z (Fig. 2, 5, 8) formed by recesses 11 'on the spacer wedges 7 (Fig. 4-6, 11), or recesses 11 on guide elements N (Figs. 1-3, 10), or on the mentioned parts at the same time (Figs. 7-9, 12, 13). This ensures the smoothness, stability of the power characteristics of the friction shock absorber almost from the very beginning of the friction shock absorber operation under the action of an external force Q, which prevents the formation of pronounced self-oscillations, peaks and deviation of the energy intensity value during compression-rebound cycles.

Also, an important difference between the friction shock absorber according to the invention and the prototype [1] is the ability to select the stage of its working stroke a , at which the mentioned positive effect on the power characteristic of the friction shock absorber should be exerted, which expands the range of applicability even of the same design with obtaining different performance characteristics ... For example, in one case of making recesses 11 on the guide elements N (Figs. 1-3, 10), due to the zones of the gaps Z between them and the spacer wedges 7 formed in the section of length a ', a positive effect on the power characteristic will be exerted, starting from the initial position of the friction shock absorber (Fig. 1) and along the section from the ends T of the guide elements N towards the bottom 4, the length of which within the value a 'in this case is approximately equal to the value b of the protrusion of its spacer wedges 7 from the throat 3, which is smaller of the working stroke a , that is, until a certain intermediate position is reached (Fig. 2), after which the zones of the gaps Z cease to exert their effective influence closer to the end of the working stroke a of the friction shock absorber (Fig. 3).

In the second case of making grooves 11 'on the spacer wedges 7 (Fig. 4-7, 11), due to the zones of the gaps Z between them and the guide elements N, a positive effect on the power characteristic will also be provided, but already gradually, starting from the initial position of the friction shock absorber (Fig. 4) and along the section from the ends T of the guide elements N towards the bottom 4, the length a 'of which is equal to the value of the full working stroke a of the friction shock absorber, at the end of which the pressure wedge 6 is completely immersed in the housing 1 (Fig. 6) ...

In the third case of making recesses 11 'on the spacer wedges 7 and recesses 11 on the guide elements N (Fig. 7-9, 12, 13), due to the zones of the gaps Z between the spacer wedges 7 and the guide elements N, the effectiveness of the influence on the force characteristic will be , as in the second case, gradually, starting from the initial position of the friction shock absorber (Fig. 7) and at the length a 'of the section from the ends T of the guide elements N towards the bottom 4, equal to the value b of the protrusion of its spacer wedges 7 from the throat 3 to the intermediate position (Fig. 8), plus and throughout the entire working stroke a of the friction shock absorber, at the end of which the pressure wedge 6 is completely immersed in the housing 1 (Fig. 9). Moreover, the difference between the third case and the second case (Fig. 4-7) is the variable intensity of this influence caused by the difference in the relative position of the grooves 11, 11 'in the initial position of the friction shock absorber (Fig. 7, 12), in an intermediate position (Fig. 8, 13) and in the final position (Fig. 9).

In any of the cases, the key advantage of the friction shock absorber according to the invention is a beneficial effect on its power characteristic in the section from the ends T of the guide elements N towards the bottom 4, the length a 'of which is equal to the value of the working stroke a of the pushing wedge 6, and this influence is provided starting from the initial position of the friction shock absorber, since the most intense occurrence of negative self-oscillations and peaks is observed, especially often, at this stage of the friction shock absorber operation.

It is also important to note that the formation between the spacer wedges 7 and the guiding elements N of the zones of the gaps Z in the prototype [1] may result in their mutual unstable arrangement, which in the structure according to the invention is eliminated by observing certain relationships, namely that the width S of the recesses 11 in the guides elements N are less than their width S _N (Fig. 10, 12), and the width S of the recesses 11 'in the spacer wedges 7 is also less than their width Sk (Fig. 11, 13). This allows you to keep the support areas on the mentioned parts, preventing their displacement and distortions relative to each other.

Additionally, to increase the smoothness and stability of the friction shock absorber, in the guide elements N (Figs. 1-6, 10) or in the spacer wedges 7 (not shown), solid lubricant inserts 12, made, for example, of bronze or other materials, can be installed, whose properties are capable of providing the required coefficient of friction.

Thus, the introduction of the aforementioned distinctive features makes it possible to have a significant positive effect on the behavior of the friction shock absorber, which is expressed in increasing the smoothness and stability of its power characteristics and eliminating self-oscillations, chaotic peaks, accompanied by a decrease in energy consumption and the inconstancy of its value.

Sources of information:

1. Patent RU172488, priority 03/14/2016, published 07/11/2017, Bul. # 20 / prototype /

Claims (10)

1. Friction shock absorber containing a housing (1) with a bottom (4) and a neck (3) formed by the walls (2) of the housing (1), between which there is a wedge assembly (5) containing a pressure wedge (6) and spacer wedges (7), between which and the bottom (4) there is a back-and-forth device (8), while the spacer wedges (7) are located in contact with the guide elements (N) with the possibility of applying external force to the wedge assembly (5) (Q), immersion of the pushing wedge (6) inside the neck (3) of the body (1) by the amount of its working stroke (a), characterized in that in the section from the ends (T) of the guide elements (N) towards the bottom (4) body (1) when an external force (Q) acts on the pressure wedge (6), the mentioned contact of the spacer wedges (7) with the guide elements (N) is supplemented with the zones of gaps (Z) between them, while the length (a ') of this section is equal to working stroke (a). 2. A shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that said clearance zones (Z) are formed by recesses (11) made in the guide elements (N). 3. A shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that said clearance zones (Z) are formed by recesses (11 ') made in the spacer wedges (7). 4. A shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide elements (N) are made in the form of stationary plates (9), completely placed in the housing (1). 5. A shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the guiding elements (N) are the walls (2) of the neck (3) of the housing (1). 6. The shock absorber according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 4, characterized in that the guide elements (N) are made in the form of stationary plates (9), completely placed in the body (1), while between them and the walls (2) of the neck (3) of the body (1) there are movable plates (10) partially protruding from the neck (3). 7. A shock absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that the width (S) of the recesses (11) formed in the guide elements (N) is less than the width (S _N ) of the guide elements (N). 8. A shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that the width (S) of the recesses (11 ') formed in the spacer wedges (7) is less than the width (Sk) of the spacer wedges (7). 9. A shock absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that the clearance zones (Z) are also formed by recesses (11 ') made in the spacer wedges (7). 10. A shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that the clearance zones (Z) are also formed by recesses (11) made in the guide elements (N).

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