RU182908U1 - Three-element truck of the freight car - Google Patents

Abstract

The three-element truck of a freight car is designed for heavy freight cars in high-speed traffic and has increased braking ability. It contains two side frames (1), in each of which there is a central and two peripheral openings, a spring bar (2) is inserted into the central openings, supported on spring sets (3) placed in these openings, and side frames (1) are supported by peripheral openings on axle boxes (6) of two wheelsets (7, 8), a brake linkage including two internal triangles (10, 11) having spacers (23, 24) and brake pads (17) pivotally suspended by the suspension brackets (14) on the internal brackets (15) of side frames (1), internal vertical levers (19, 20), articulated mounted in their middle parts with spacers (23, 24) and pivotally connected to each other by their lower parts by a tightening (26), the longitudinal axis of which is centered with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the trolley, the dead center earring (29), pivotally attached at one end to the pressure beam ( 2). The brake linkage is equipped with two additional triangles (12, 13) having spacers (22, 25) and brake pads (17) located on the outside of the carriage and pivotally suspended by suspension brackets (14) on additional brackets (16) rigidly mounted at the ends side frames (1), and is equipped with additional vertical levers (18, 21) pivotally connected in their middle parts with struts (22, 25) of additional triangels (12, 13), one of the additional vertical levers (21) is pivotally connected in its top of the longitudinal arm an agom (27) with one of the internal levers (20), and the other additional vertical lever (18) in its upper part is pivotally connected to the other end of the dead center earring (29), while both additional vertical levers (18, 21) with their lower parts pivotally interconnected by a thrust (30). The rod (30) consists of two parallel rods, the longitudinal axis of symmetry of which is centered with the longitudinal axis of the tightening (26). 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to transport equipment, namely to freight wagon trolleys of the three-element type, in which two side frames and a spring beam do not have rigid connections between each other. Three-element carts are the main carts of freight cars.

Known three-element trolley of a freight car (RU 155735 B61F 3/08, publ. 20.10.2015) containing wheelsets with axle boxes, side frames having central and peripheral openings, while the side frames are supported by peripheral openings on axle boxes, and in the central each side frame has spring openings on which a spring bar with a thrust bearing in the form of an bead circle with a central hole into which the kingpin is inserted is supported, and vertical and horizontal vibration dampers are pivotally mounted between the spring ball side and side frames, and the brake linkage includes triangles with vertical levers and brake pads, and a traction and braking force transmission device is installed between the spring bar and each side frame, which is made in the form of rollers. The brake transmission of this trolley involves the installation of two triangels, each of which presses its brake pads on the inside of the trolley.

A disadvantage of the known three-element trolley is the inadequacy of its braking force for heavy vehicles, especially in high-speed traffic, due to only one-sided pressing of the brake pads to the rolling surface of the wheelset wheels only from the inside of the trolley. It is impossible to increase the braking force of the trolley by increasing the preload of the brake pads to the rolling surface of the wheelsets, because this increased preload increases the thermodynamic heating of the wheels, entailing a change in the structure of the metal of the wheels with their subsequent intensive wear and damage.

A three-element type railway freight cart is known for increased carriage speeds (RU 39558, B61F 3/02, publ. 08/10/2004), adopted as a prototype, which contains wheelsets, a sprung beam, spring sets, side frames with brackets for attaching diagonal connections and triangel suspension brackets, diagonal ties in the form of intersecting rods, longitudinal leashes, vertical vibration dampers, brake linkage, which includes triangles with vertical levers, the lower ends of which are connected puffs. The trolley is equipped with autonomous horizontal dampers of oscillations of constant friction pivotally fixed between the side frames and the nadressornoj beam. The side frames of the trolley have a central opening and two peripheral openings. In the central opening of each side frame, spring kits are placed. A spring beam with a thrust bearing is mounted on spring kits for installing a car body friday on it. The peripheral openings of the side frames are supported on axle boxes. Between the nadressornoj beam and each side frame mounted pivotally mounted autonomous vertical vibration dampers. The longitudinal leashes connecting each side frame of the trolley with a nadresornoy beam are designed to transmit traction and braking forces. Traction efforts are transmitted from the carriage body through its Friday, which is usually connected by a pivot pin to the thrust bearing of the nadresornoy beam, from the nadresornoy beam traction forces are transmitted through the longitudinal leashes to the side frames of the trolley and from them, through the walls of the peripheral openings, to the axle boxes and make the wheels couples move on rails, performing a rotational movement in axle boxes. To provide braking, a brake device is actuated containing triangles with vertical arms and brake pads. Two triangels suspended from the brackets of the side frames, under the action of vertical levers, press brake pads to the wheelsets and inhibit their rotation. In this case, the braking forces from the wheel pairs are transmitted through the axle boxes to the vertical walls of the peripheral openings of the side frames, from the side frames, the braking forces are transmitted by longitudinal leashes to the nadressornoj beam and through its thrust bearing and king pin to the Friday of the car body and brake the car.

A disadvantage of the known three-element trolley is the inadequacy of its braking force for heavy vehicles, especially in high-speed traffic, due to only one-sided pressing of the brake pads to the rolling surface of the wheelset wheels only from the inside of the trolley. It is impossible to increase the braking force of the trolley by increasing the preload of the brake pads to the rolling surface of the wheelsets, because this increased preload increases the thermodynamic heating of the wheels, entailing a change in the structure of the metal of the wheels with their subsequent intensive wear and damage.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to increase the braking force in a three-element truck of a freight car, necessary for the operation of heavy freight cars in high-speed traffic.

This problem is solved due to the fact that a three-element trolley of a freight car is proposed, containing two side frames, each of which has a central and two peripheral openings, while a spring bar is inserted into the central openings of the side frames, supported on spring sets located in these openings, and peripheral openings, the side frames are supported on the axle boxes of two wheelsets, vibration dampers are installed between the nadressornoj beam and each side frame, the nadresorno beam has a thrust bearing and king pin, brake lever a transmission comprising two internal triangels having struts and brake pads articulated by pendants on the internal brackets of the side frames, internal vertical arms pivotally connected in their middle parts to the struts of the internal triangles and pivotally connected to each other by their lower parts by tightening with a longitudinal axis centered with a longitudinal axis of symmetry of the trolley, a dead center earring pivotally attached at one end to the nadressornoj beam. The brake linkage is equipped with two additional triangles having spacers and brake pads located on the outside of the cart and pivotally suspended by additional brackets rigidly mounted at the ends of the side frames, and is equipped with additional vertical levers pivotally connected in their middle parts with spacers of additional triangels , one of the additional vertical levers is pivotally connected in its upper part by a longitudinal lever with one of the internal vertically levers, and another additional vertical lever in its upper part is pivotally connected to the other end of the dead center earring, while both additional vertical levers are pivotally connected to each other by their lower parts.

A link pivotally connecting the lower parts of the additional vertical levers consists of two parallel rods, and the longitudinal axis of symmetry of these two parallel rods is centered with the longitudinal axis of the inner vertical levers.

The technical result provided by the given set of features is a very significant increase in the braking force of a three-element freight truck of a freight car to ensure the movement of heavy-load mobile railway transport in high-speed traffic.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated by drawings, where in figure 1 is a side view of the trolley, in figure 2 is a top view of the trolley, and in figure 3 is a transverse section of the trolley. In the figures indicated:

1 - side frame of the trolley;

2 - a nadressorny beam;

3 - spring set;

4 - thrust bearing of the nadressore beam;

5 - king pin;

6 - axle box;

7 - left wheel pair;

8 - wheel pair right;

9 - vibration damper;

10, 11 - inner triangels;

12, 13 - additional triangels;

14 - pendants triangels;

15 - brackets for suspension of internal triangels;

16 - additional brackets;

17 - brake pads of the triangels;

18, 20 - internal vertical levers;

19, 21 - additional vertical levers;

22, 25 - struts of additional triangels;

23, 24 - struts of internal triangels;

26 - tightening of the internal vertical levers;

27 - the longitudinal lever;

28 - traction of the brake system of the car;

29 - earring dead center;

30 - thrust, consisting of two parallel rods.

The three-element truck of a freight car contains two side frames 1 with a central and peripheral openings. A nadressor beam 2 is inserted into the central openings of the side frames, supported on spring sets 3, which are inserted into the central openings of the side frames. The nadressornoj beam has a thrust bearing 4, on which the body of the freight car rests, and the king pin 5, connecting the nadressorenaya beam with the body of the car. The peripheral openings of the side frames are supported on the axle boxes of 6 wheel pairs of the left 7 and right 8. Between the nadressornoj beam and the side frames are mounted vibration dampers 9. The truck is equipped with a brake linkage system, which includes two internal triangles 10 and 11, each of which is located on the inside of the truck and two additional triangles 12 and 13, each of which is placed on the outside of the cart. The internal triangles with pendants 14 are hinged to the brackets 15, rigidly attached to the side frames on the inside of the cart on both sides of the central opening, and the additional triangles with pendants 14 are pivotally suspended to additional brackets 16, rigidly attached to the ends of the side frames. The stiffness of the additional brackets is achieved by welding or bolting. The triangles of three-element trolleys of freight cars always have a symmetrical design relative to the longitudinal axis of the trolley. Each triangel has two brake pads 17 located opposite the rolling surface of the wheels of each wheelset. The additional triangels are pivotally connected to the middle part of the additional vertical arms 18 and 21 with their struts 22 and 25. The inner triangels have struts 23 and 24, by which they are pivotally connected to the middle part of the internal vertical levers. The spacers of the triangels are always carried out along the axis of symmetry of the triangels. The inner vertical levers with their lower part are pivotally connected to each other by a tightening 26, the longitudinal axis of symmetry of which is centered with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the trolley, while the right inner vertical lever is articulated by its upper part with the longitudinal lever 27 and the additional vertical lever of the right additional triangel, and the left inner vertical the lever is pivotally connected with its upper part to the rod 28 by the braking system of the car. The left additional vertical lever with its upper part is pivotally connected to the earring of the dead center 29, which at its other end is pivotally connected to the pressure beam of the trolley. The lower parts of the additional vertical levers are pivotally interconnected by a rod 30, consisting of two parallel rods, between which there is an internal tightening. In this case, the longitudinal axis of symmetry of these two parallel rods is centered with the longitudinal axis of the tightening of the internal vertical levers.

The truck wagon operates as follows.

When braking, the traction 28 of the braking system of the car under the influence of the braking system of the freight car placed under the body of the freight car moves to the left relative to the carriage and moves to the left the inner vertical arm 19 together with the inner triangel 10, while the brake pads 17 of this triangel 10 are pressed against the rolling surfaces of the wheels left wheel pair 7. After pressing these brake pads 17, the internal vertical lever 19 under the influence of traction 28 rotates counterclockwise relative to the hinge in its of the middle part, which is connected to the strut 23 of the inner triangel 10. With this rotation, the inner vertical lever 19 moves to the right a tightening 26, which moves the right inner triangel 11. In this case, the brake pads 17 of the right inner triangel 11 are pressed against the rolling surfaces of the wheels of the right wheelset 8 s inside of the cart. After this pressing, the inner vertical arm 20 is rotated counterclockwise relative to the hinge in its middle part, which is connected to the strut 24 of the inner triangel 11. The upper part of the inner vertical arm 20 is rotated counterclockwise and moves the longitudinal arm 27 pivotally connected to it to the left, which presses the additional triangel 13 with brake pads 17 to the surfaces of the wheels of the right wheel pair 8 from the outside of the truck. After that, pressing the brake pads 17, the additional vertical lever 21 rotates counterclockwise relative to the hinge in its middle part, which is connected to the spacer 25 of the additional triangel 13, as a result of which the lower part of this vertical lever 21 moves to the right pivotally connected rod 30, which presses left additional triangel 12 with brake pads 17 to the rolling surfaces of the wheels of the left wheel pair 7 from the outside. Since the upper part of the additional vertical lever 18 is pivotally connected to the earring of the dead center 29, which is pivotally attached to the nadressornoj beam 2 with its second end and does not allow this earring 29 to move, the possibility of rotation of the additional vertical lever 18 relative to the hinge in its middle part connected to the strut 22 of the left additional triangel 12. Thus, the brake pads 17 are pressed against the riding surfaces on both sides of each wheel of each wheelset 7 and 8. As a result stsentrirovaniya longitudinal axis of symmetry of the longitudinal axis of the tightening 26 bogie and stsentrirovaniya longitudinal symmetry axis of two parallel rods constituting a thrust 30, with the longitudinal axis tightening 26 at symmetrical Triangel ensured equal pressing of the brake pads 17 to the surfaces of the rolling wheel pairs 7, 8 with the same effort. The pressing of the brake pads 17 to the rolling surfaces of each wheel from two sides almost doubles the braking effect of the inventive three-element cart against the known carts of freight cars. Braking forces from wheelsets 7, 8 are transmitted through axle boxes 6 to the vertical walls of the peripheral openings of the side frames 1, from the side frames 1, the braking forces are transmitted to the nadressornoj beam 2 and through its thrust bearing 4 and pivot 5 - on the Friday of the body of the freight car and brake the car body . Pressing the brake pads 17 on both sides of each wheel of both wheelsets 7 and 8 provides effective braking of the truck and, therefore, the entire freight car.

At the same time, the second carriage of the carriage is braked in the same sequence as in the described carriage, but is mirrored with respect to the movements and rotations of its triangles, rods and levers.

When the brakes are released, the draft 28 of the freight car braking system under the influence of the car's braking system moves to the right and moves to the right the internal vertical arm 19 together with the internal triangel 10, which diverts the brake pads 17 from the rolling surfaces of the wheels of the left wheel pair 7 from the inside of the carriage. After the retraction, the inner vertical arm 19 rotates clockwise relative to the hinge in its middle part, which is connected to the strut 23 of the left inner triangel 10. This rotation shifts the lower hinge of the inner vertical arm 19, which moves the pivot 26 pivotally connected to it to the left, which first leads to the left shift of the inner vertical arm 20 pivotally connected to the other end of the tightening 26 with the inner triangel 11 and its brake pads 17 from the wheel surface of the right wheel There are 8 pairs on the inside of the trolley. After this movement, the internal tightening 26 forces the inner vertical arm 20 to rotate clockwise relative to the hinge in its middle part, which moves the longitudinal arm 27 and the additional vertical arm 21 pivotally connected to it and thereby pushes the additional vertical arm 21 to the right together with right additional triangel 13 and its brake pads 17 from the surface of the wheels of the right wheel pair 8 on the outside of the three-element cart. With the greatest possible retraction of this triangel 13, the additional vertical lever 21 begins to rotate clockwise relative to its hinge in the middle part, which is connected to the strut 25 of the additional triangel 13 and moves the rod 30 to the left pivotally connected to the lower part of the additional vertical lever 21, thereby diverting additional triangel 12 with brake pads 17 from the surface of the wheels of the left wheel pair 7 from the outside.

The removal of all triangels with brake pads 17 from the wheels of the wheelsets 7 and 8 on both sides eliminates the interaction of these brake pads 17 with the tread surfaces of the wheels of the wheelsets 7 and 8 and, thereby, eliminates the braking effect of the pads 17 on these wheels and stops the braking. At the same time, under the influence of the brake system of a freight car, the same release of the brakes of the second truck of a freight car takes place.

The advantage of the proposed utility model is the implementation of the same braking effect of the brake pads of the inner and additional triangels on the wheels of each wheelset 7 and 8 on the inner and outer sides of the bogie, which almost doubles the braking performance of the freight wagon against the well-known three-element bogies of freight wagons. This increase in braking force allows you to use the proposed three-element truck under heavy freight cars in high speed, which is very important for railway transport.

The proposed three-element trolley can be used in all types of heavy freight cars: gondola cars, box cars, hoppers, tanks, etc.

Claims (2)

1. Three-element truck of a freight car, containing two side frames, each of which has a central and two peripheral openings, while a spring bar is inserted into the central openings of the side frames, resting on the spring sets located in these openings, and the peripheral openings support the side frames on axle boxes of two wheelsets, vibration dampers are installed between the nadressornoj beam and each side frame, the nadressornoj beam has a thrust bearing and king pin, brake linkage, including two internal triangles, spacers and brake pads articulated by pendants on the inner brackets of the side frames, inner vertical arms pivotally connected in their middle parts to the struts of the internal triangels and pivotally interconnected by their lower parts by a tightening with a longitudinal axis, centered with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the trolley, an earring dead center pivotally attached at one end to a nadressornoj beam, characterized in that the brake linkage is equipped with two additional triangles having and spacers and brake pads located on the outside of the trolley and pivotally suspended on additional brackets rigidly mounted at the ends of the side frames, and provided with additional vertical levers pivotally connected in their middle parts with spacers of additional triangels, one of the additional vertical levers is pivotally connected in its upper part with a longitudinal lever with one of the internal vertical levers, and another additional vertical lever in its upper part it is connected to the other end of the dead center earring, while both additional vertical levers are pivotally connected to each other by their lower parts. 2. The three-element truck of a freight car according to claim 1, characterized in that the rod articulating the lower parts of the additional vertical arms is composed of two parallel rods, the longitudinal axis of symmetry of these two parallel rods being centered with the longitudinal axis of the inner vertical levers.

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